结晶器流场的模拟计算与结构优化

数值模拟是有效研究大型工业设备内部流场的手段。采用多重参考系和湍流标准k-ε模型对结晶器内部流场进行描述。利用激光粒子测速仪(PIV)测量的实验室小型搅拌槽的实验数据对计算模型进行了验证,结果表明计算模型可以有效预测搅拌设备内部的流场分布。并在此基础上研究了搅拌桨安装位置及运行参数对流场的分布影响,优化了结晶器的结构与运行参数:搅拌桨安装高度1 000 mm,导流筒柱段长度2 000 mm,搅拌转速70～80 r/min。     

工业结晶器内流体流动过程的数值模拟

对某无机盐工业结晶反应器中的流体流动过程进行了三维数值模拟,采用多重参考系法(MRF)及标准k-ε模型,分析了桨型、转速、桨的安装高度对结晶器流场的影响情况。计算结果表明:速度分布主要集中于内导流筒内部以及内、外导流筒之间的区域,相应地,结晶器被粗略地划分为对反应结晶过程具有不同作用的两个区域——内导流筒内速度较大的循环区和外导流筒外速度较小的沉降区。通过对循环区和沉降区的速度分布比较,认为推进式搅拌桨的流体流场速度云分布均一性要好于其他型式的搅拌桨,其最佳安装高度为3.5~5.7 m。在合适的搅拌速率下,结晶器沉降区的流体流动速率具有均匀向上的特点,可以有效带出部分小粒子,有利于获得大粒度产品。通过流动过程的数值模拟获得详细的流场分布及操作参数,为结晶器结构和操作参数优化提供了理论指导。实践表明:优化后的产品粒度显著提高,产品中大于0.2 mm的粒子从优化前的不足50%提高到优化后的90%以上,干燥产品的天然气消耗从优化前的22 m3/t降低到优化后的15m3/t,节能降耗效果显著。     

高纯氢氧化镁大型反应结晶器CFD模拟

应用Fluent多重参考系坐标法及标准k-ε模型,考察搅拌桨安装高度、搅拌桨转速对大型氢氧化镁反应结晶器内流场分布及氢氧化镁颗粒悬浮状态的影响。计算结果表明,适当增加搅拌桨安装高度,有利于降低反应结晶器底部区域流体速度,从而有利于大颗粒沉降并进入排出设备;但搅拌桨安装高度过高,会导致折流筒内的流体速度增加,速度均匀性变差,搅拌桨安装高度为3.3 m为宜。低搅拌速度不利于氢氧化镁颗粒悬浮,随着搅拌桨转速提升,沉降区的流动均匀性显著改善,结晶器内晶体颗粒的悬浮状态更加均匀,最优转速为70 r/min。     

新型钾盐结晶器内部流场模拟及性能预测

由于钾盐结晶器内部流动的复杂性及流域的多态性,通过实验测量很难得到其流场形态。应用计算流体力学仿真技术,对某新型钾盐结晶器在连续结晶过程中形成的流场进行数值模拟,模拟连续结晶过程的晶体悬浮及固液相混合流动状态,得到了结晶器在不同搅拌速度下的内部流场速度分布、流线图、压力分布及固相悬浮状态分布等信息。模拟结果表明,搅拌速度对结晶器内部的流场分布具有明显的影响,通过比较流场特征确定能够使此新型结晶器运行经济合理的搅拌速度为40～45 r/min,与厂家的测试结果相吻合。本文研究结果可为确定结晶器合适的电机功率奠定基础,为结晶器在不同搅拌速度下的性能预测提供参考依据。     

圆坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌数学模拟

用数学模拟对马钢一钢厂圆坯连铸结晶器(断面尺寸为φ450mm)电磁搅拌过程进行了研究,找出变化规律,确定合理的工艺参数,优化结晶器流场.电磁搅拌过程的计算结果表明:磁场强度随搅拌频率减小、搅拌电流增大而增大;电流强度不改变磁场分布;在结晶器高度方向上磁场分布呈现中间大两端小的特征,流场在搅拌力作用下更趋于合理.最佳搅拌工艺参数为:搅拌电流350A,频率2Hz.     

行星式搅拌釜混合性能的数值模拟

使用Fluent软件数值模拟行星式搅拌釜高黏熔体中固液混合过程,研究搅拌桨自转速度和安装高度对搅拌釜混合性能的影响.采用欧拉模型、动网格技术和用户自定义函数,在搅拌桨不同自转速度和安装高度下,数值计算了搅拌釜内固液两相流的流场、混合时间和搅拌桨的扭矩,用搅拌功率和单位体积混合能评价搅拌釜的混合效率.计算结果表明,搅拌桨自转速度从20r/mim提高到60r/min,物料混合时间缩短,搅拌功率和单位体积混合能增大,混合效率降低;搅拌桨安装高度从20mm增加到60mm,物料混合时间缩短,搅拌功率变化不大,单位体积混合能减小,混合效率提高.     

固-液搅拌槽内槽底流场的CFD模拟

使用计算流体力学CFD软件CFX-5.5.1对搅拌槽内固液流场进行了数值模拟。搅拌槽直径T=476mm, 槽内均布四块挡板,搅拌桨为CBYⅢ桨。两相物系采用玻璃珠-水体系,固体体积分数Фv为5.4%。文中使用标准κ-ε模型计算了清水与固液两相的流场,考察了槽内的流场的分布对固体颗粒悬浮状况的影响,同时把槽底的清水和Фv为5.4%的固液两相模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比,模拟结果与实验较吻合。     

搅拌槽内轴向对流循环的试验

以搅拌槽内单相湍流流场为研究对象,采用相位多普勒粒子分析仪(PDPA)对MK和ZHX搅拌器进行流场测试,得到不同几何参数的搅拌器在不同工况下的时均速度场分布.在此基础上计算挡板前轴向速度梯度的分布,由速度梯度的衰减确定搅拌槽内轴向对流循环的有效作用范围,并考察桨型、叶轮离底间隙和叶轮转速对轴向对流循环有效作用范围的影响.试验结果表明,在液面高度等于槽径时,轴流桨搅拌槽内轴向对流循环的有效作用范围与桨型、叶轮离底间隙和叶轮转速无关,高度为槽径的2/3.     

搅拌器内流场数值模拟

本文选用多重参考系法对搅拌桨进行模拟。采用标准k——ε模型进行求解的方法,并对搅拌桨流场进行流固耦合分析,得出搅拌桨叶片的压力分布和流场的浓度分布;叶根部位为叶片危险截面,容易发生疲劳断裂;叶尖部位振动问题显著。     

双层组合桨中心及偏心搅拌三维流场的数值模拟

利用计算流体力学的方法,采用Laminar层流模型对双层六直斜叶交替组合桨在甘油与水的混合物中进行中心及偏心搅拌的三维流场进行数值计算,得到了组合桨以恒转速200r/min在搅拌槽内转动时所产生的3种不同流场结构,对比分析了速度矢量图、速度云图以及轴向、径向和周向速度分布曲线,为层流搅拌槽的设计和实际应用提供了依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~