间歇式反应器亚硝化颗粒污泥培养试验

在间歇式反应器(SBR)中经20d驯化后,普通消化污泥具有亚硝化功能.然后接种厌氧颗粒污泥,控制反应条件:温度21 ℃,pH7.5～8.5,溶解氧(DO)质量浓度0.5～1.0 mg/L, 25 d后完成厌氧颗粒污泥向好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥的转变.好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥具有较好的脱氮效果,一个反应周期内氨氮(NH 4N)去除率达到91.4%,总氮(TN)去除率达到70.6%,亚硝酸盐氮与硝酸盐氮质量浓度比(ρ(NO-2N)/ρ(NO-3N))＞0.70,反应器实现了同步亚硝化反硝化.     

DO和HRT对连续流MBBR亚硝酸型SND影响

为探讨亚硝酸型同步硝化反硝化SND过程中的生物脱氮特性,以实际生活污水为对象,通过连续运行移动床生物膜反应器MBBR系统,研究了溶解氧质量浓度DO和水力停留时间HRT对亚硝酸型SND的影响.试验结果表明,化学需氧量COD在200 mg/L左右,HRT为14 h,水温为15~27℃,pH值为6.24~6.98的相对稳定条件下,控制DO在2.9~5.0mg/L的过程中MBBR反应器均能实现亚硝酸型SND,平均亚硝酸盐氮NO2-—N积累率为75.96%;当DO为(4.5±0.3)mg/L时,平均总氮TN去除率达62.89%,取得了最好的TN去除效果,而该条件下NO2-—N的积累率达最小值51.23%,DO过高或过低都会影响系统亚硝酸型SND的进行;当COD在220 mg/L左右,pH值为6.14~7.47,水温为26~31℃,控制溶解氧在(4.5±0.3)mg/L,随HRT的延长,氨氮NH4+—N和TN的去除率明显增大,但NO2-—N的积累率减小,系统的亚硝酸型SND效果逐渐减弱.     

游离氨对晚期垃圾渗滤液短程硝化影响

利用SBR反应器,探讨了不同溶解氧(DO)浓度和污泥浓度条件下,游离氨(FA)对晚期垃圾渗滤短程硝化过程的影响.试验结果发现,当DO浓度从0.5 mg/L增加到0.75 mg/L时,最大氨氧化速率有较大的增加,且较高的亚硝酸菌活性可以减弱FA对其的抑制作用,FA对硝酸菌的抑制浓度约为4.2～8.1 mg/L;限制DO实现短程硝化比控制FA更为稳定;污泥浓度也是短程硝化的重要影响因素之一,当DO浓度控制在0.75 mg/L时,较佳的污泥浓度约为6 800～8 100 mg/L.此时亚硝酸菌活性较强,且由于FA在污泥絮体内的扩散限制,亚硝酸菌可"适应"更高的FA浓度.图5,表2,参10.     

连续流好氧颗粒污泥反应器水力特性及亚硝化影响因素

为确定连续流好氧颗粒污泥反应器水流特性及亚硝化影响因素,脉冲加入示踪剂NaCl,测定出水电导率.试验结果表明,反应器流态接近推流型,属非理想流态.对温度、pH值、溶解氧DO、碳氮比C/N、水力停留时间HRT等影响亚硝化的主要操作条件进行了单因素试验.在此基础上,根据数学最优化原理对影响因素进行正交试验.结果表明,对亚硝化产生影响的各操作条件依次为pH值、温度、HRT、DO、C/N比,各因子最优水平组合为pH=8.0、t=29℃、DO=1.0 mg/L、HRT=15 h、C/N=5.在此操作条件下,反应器连续运行1个月,亚硝酸氮累积率平均达到90%以上,氨氮、COD去除率分别达到85%及90%以上.     

A_2N-SBR双污泥反硝化生物除磷系统效能分析

采用生活污水和A2N-SBR工艺对反硝化除磷过程进行了研究.在进水COD浓度为325mg/L,磷浓度为9.1mg/L,氨氮浓度为65mg/L的条件下,出水氨氮浓度和磷浓度分别为3.3mg/L和0.17mg/L,氮和磷的去除率分别为95%和98%.进水C/N比对A2N-SBR反硝化除磷体系的除磷和脱氮效率都有重要影响,在进水C/N比为5时获得了最佳的脱氮和除磷效率;当C/N比小于5时,氮和磷的去除率都有大幅度的下降;当C/N比大于5时,氮的去除率未受到影响,而磷的去除率却有所下降.     

包埋活性污泥和反硝化污泥短程硝化反硝化脱氮

以模拟废水为对象,在传统的流化床反应器内,将活性污泥和经驯化的反硝化污泥按适当比例混合后,用聚乙烯醇(PVA)加适当添加剂将其包埋,并对短程硝化反硝化脱氮进行了研究.结果表明,在进水NH4+-N平均为53.60mg/L,COD为281.19mg/L,HRT12h,调控温度、溶解氧、pH等,出水亚硝化率和TN去除率分别可达95%和85%以上,短程硝化反硝化脱氮较理想.当进水COD含量从150mg/L增加到750mg/L,TN去除率从73.66%提高到96.79%.适合包埋颗粒短程硝化反硝化脱氮的最佳溶解氧浓度约为4.0mg/L.当pH一直维持在8.0左右,温度从30℃降到25℃过程中,短程硝化反硝化并未遭破坏.当温度维持在25℃,pH从8.0降到7.5,连续运行约5个周期后,短程硝化反硝转变为全程的硝化反硝化.     

DO对膜生物反应器中同步硝化反硝化的影响

采用人工配制的生活污水作为原水,考察了在膜生物反应器(MBR)中不同溶解氧(DO)对于同步硝化反硝化效果的影响.结果表明,将试验条件控制在TN容积负荷为0.35 kgN/(m3*d)、HRT为6 h、SRT为30 d、pH为7～8、温度为25～28 ℃、C/N为9时:在反应器DO的质量浓度为0.6 mg/L条件下,可获得62.5%的NH+4 -N去除率、91.1%的反硝化率和58.3%的SND率;在反应器DO的质量浓度为1.0 mg/L条件下,可获得90.8%的NH+4-N去除率、90.4%的反硝化率和82.5%的SND率;在反应器DO的质量浓度为1.4 mg/L时,可获得93.3%的NH+4-N去除率、77.0%的反硝化率和72.1%的SND率.     

影响膜生物反应器同步硝化反硝化因素研究

通过控制膜生物反应器(MBR)中溶解氧(DO)浓度、碳氮比(C/N)、污泥浓度(MLSS)和水力停留时间(HRT)等摸索了实现同步硝化反硝化的工艺条件,同时对好氧反应器中实现同步硝化反硝化的机理进行了探讨.化学需氧量(COD)在250 mg/L左右,C/N为10～30∶1,MLSS为5 g/L,HRT为5.0 h,DO为0.6～0.8 mg/L时,总氮去除率达86.0%,取得了良好的总氮去除效果,表明由于好氧反应器中缺氧区的存在,控制好操作条件可以实现同步硝化反硝化.体系中氨氮、硝态氮浓度的变化与总氮去除的关系说明短程反硝化现象的存在,而且在实现同步硝化反硝化过程中发挥着重要的作用.     

氨氮污泥负荷及DO对高浓度亚硝化系统的影响

通过氨氮污泥负荷影响试验和DO影响试验数据分析,得出以下结论:1)高浓度亚硝化系统氨氮降解率及亚硝化率均随着NH4+-N污泥负荷的增高而下降。HRT<2d系统随NH4+-N污泥负荷增加,氨氮降解率迅速下跌到25%～29%;HRT≥2d系统随NH4+-N污泥负荷增加,氨氮降解率缓慢下降到50%～60%;HRT=2.5d和HRT=3d的系统中亚硝化率随NH4+-N污泥负荷增加而下降的趋势不甚明显;HRT=5d系统中亚硝化率的下降是由于污泥产生适应性的造成。因此高浓度亚硝化反应系统的NH4+-N污泥负荷不宜过高。2)随着DO的升高,高浓度亚硝化系统的氨氮降解率一直逐步升高。DO<0.7mg/L是不利于氨氮降解的;DO>2mg/L时氧化的NH4+-N都转变成了增加的NO3--N,亚硝化率下降。将DO控制在0.7～1.3mg/L之内可保证较佳的NH4+-N降解率和亚硝化率。     

SBR工艺中DO和C/N对同步硝化反硝化的影响

采用SBR工艺处理氨氮废水,研究不同的DO和C/N对同步硝化反硝化的影响,探索硝化反硝化一体化工艺的规律和特性.发现当DO=1.60～1.80mg/L、CODCr/CNH+4-N=6.5或BOD5/NH+4-N=4时,TN的去除率分别达到最大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has