常用塑料材料生命周期能耗计算分析

对塑料材料的生命周期能耗算法进行分析研究，认为在塑料材料生命周期能耗评价时，其能耗应包括生产原料的能量；多产品联产过程的能耗应按所有可用产品均摊；应考虑回收再生率、加工成材率和加工能耗对塑料材料能耗的影响．提出了塑料材料生命周期能耗的新算法．并对国内建筑常用塑料制品的材料生命周期能耗进行了计算，结果表明：PVC-U塑料窗框、PVC-U管、PP-R管和PE-X管的材料生命周期能耗分别为：1．18tce／t、1．46tce／t、1．81tce／t、3．43tce／t．     

考虑回收能力的材料生命周期清单分析模型

对可再生材料进行生命周期清单分析时,需要考虑材料回收率的影响.分析了以往几种可再生材料生命周期清单分析算法所存在的问题,将回收率分解为回收能力、回收水平2个因素,提出了同时考虑这2个因素的可再生材料生命周期清单分析新算法.以建筑中常用的钢板、钢筋、铝、玻璃及混凝土为例,比较计算了新算法与老算法之间的差异.结果表明,新算法能较大提高生命周期清单分析的计算精度.     

能值分析与碳足迹的建筑可持续性评价方法比较

对一个太阳能建筑案例“Sunny Inside”进行能值分析与碳足迹计算,分析二者结论的一致性与差异性.研究结果表明:在建筑全生命周期中,不可再生资源的能值投入和碳足迹分析结论一致,不可再生能值投入越多,产生的碳足迹也越多;能值分析将自然环境、社会和经济的可再生和不可再生资源都纳入考虑,侧重于从资源消耗的角度对建筑能耗进行计算,且可以直接评价建筑的可持续性;碳足迹方法则着眼于建筑的碳排放,用各个阶段、各种材料的CO₂排放量表示建筑对温室效应的影响.     

基于生命周期的能源上游清单分析模型改进

对已有清单模型进行改进,提出一种新的能源上游清单模型及算法,使环境负荷因子的清单结果可以追溯到最终端.能源上游清单分析的迭代计算中不但考虑了能源开采、生产阶段,还考虑了运输以及输配等阶段的能耗及环境排放,为能源下游分析乃至整个能源系统的生命周期分析搭建了牢固的基础平台.能源生命周期分析模型包含了生命过程部分和高阶循环部分2个层次.计算结果显示,二次能源如电力的上游阶段生命周期能耗LCEC和生命周期环境排放LCEE较一次能源大,因此调整能源结构,增加清洁、可再生能源在发电方式中所占的比例,对于减少我国大气污染和温室气体排放有重要意义.     

MEA/DEA化学法捕集电厂烟气CO2系统再生能耗分析

基于胜利电厂4万t/a烟气CO2捕集和纯化系统的设计与运行情况,推导出化学法CO2捕集工艺系统再生能耗的计算公式,分别探讨了吸收装置性能、吸收剂性质和贫富液换热器性能对再生能耗的影响,比较了MEA与DEA两种吸收液的再生能耗随吸收液浓度、可再生度以及贫富液换热器性能的变化规律.分析结果表明:在一定质量浓度极限内,提高吸收剂溶液的浓度可以降低再生能耗;通过对吸收剂进行适当配比,也可以有效降低再生能耗;提高富液的再生度可以降低再生能耗;提高贫富液换热器的性能在一定程度上可以降低再生能耗,但是投资成本也相应增加,应在投资成本和再生能耗之间选择一个优化的贫富液换热器的性能值.     

PZT掺杂Ba(Cu1/2W1/2)O3的压电陶瓷的性能研究

采用固相合成法制备了(1-xmol％)PZT—xmol％Ba(Cu1／2W1／2)O3三元体系压电陶瓷，研究了三元体系内Ba(Cu1／2W1／2)O3的掺杂比例x对材料的压电性能和介电性能的影响；讨论了Ba^2 、Cu^2 、W^6 离子对PZT压电陶瓷进行改性的作用机理；通过XRD和SEM测试手段，分析了物相组成和微观结构与材料性能的关系，发现合成的PZT材料均为钙钛矿结构，显微分析表明晶粒发育良好，其尺寸大约在3．5μm之间；实验结果表明，配方为0．95PZT-0．05Ba(Cu1／2W1／2)O3压电陶瓷的d33可达605pC／N，材料的机电耦合系数Kp约为0．4，材料机械品质因数均低于100，但相对介电常数εr由544提高到1400。     

新型墙体材料现状结构开发研究

墙体材料是我国建筑材料工业的重要组成部分，其用量约占所有建筑材料的1／2，价值约占建筑总成本的30％，其产值接近建材工业总产值的1／3，耗能占建材工业总能耗的1／2左右。墙体材料的性能和价格对建筑工程的性能，质量和经济效益有着举足轻重的影响。本文对书型墙体材料的应用技术研究及发展对策进行了探讨。     

凤仙花茎段培养与快速繁殖

试验以茎段为外植体，进行凤仙花离体再生与快速繁殖技术研究．结果表明：在附加BA1．0mg／L、NAA0．2mg／L、3％蔗糖的MS固体培养基上可诱导茎段外植体直接产生大量不定芽，诱导率达100％；在含BA1．0mg／L、N从0．2mg／L、3％蔗糖的MS培养基上进行继代培养，可大量增殖；在含NAA、1．0mg／L。3％蔗糖的1／2MS培养基中长根成苗．本试验表明风仙花离体繁殖，增殖系数大，适合于种苗快速繁殖．     

基于增量视角的城镇化演进与能耗间库兹涅茨曲线探析——以安徽省为例

推进城镇化与实现节能减排为中国未来社会两大战略任务，从理论上探索城镇化能耗的库兹涅茨曲线拐点，对制定节能城镇化政策与能源利用规划具有重要启示意义。以安徽省为例，采用完全分解模型，对城镇化引起的能耗进行了测算；基于增量视角，借助环境库兹涅茨曲线分析工具，通过引入城镇化变量二次、三次项，采用最小二乘回归分析方法，分别考察了城镇化与其能耗间U形与 N 形曲线关系；依据高数中曲线求导方法，测算了城镇化能耗拐点出现时的城镇化水平，结果表明：①1996~2013 年，城镇化进程引起的累计能耗达 4755.78 万 tce，年均 279.75 万tce，城镇化每提高 1 个百分点，推动能源净消费 181.59 万 tce，两者间呈同向演化态势； ②二次曲线验证表明，城镇化能耗曲线呈 U 形，拐点位置出现在城镇化水平增幅为 1.6423×10-13 时刻，现阶段，城镇化能耗位于 U 形曲线右半侧；③三次曲线回归结果未能验证出城镇化能耗有拐点存在，两者间呈同向增长态势，表明安徽省推进城镇化与实现节能减排矛盾日渐突出，生态文明建设将面临较大挑战。基于研究结果，从调整优化产业结构、提高能源利用技术等方面，提出了减少城镇化能耗的政策建议。
     

不同浓度的激素组合对猕猴桃愈伤组织诱导及芽分化的影响

本实验以美味猕猴桃试管苗为材料，外植体选用离体茎段，研究了不同浓度的激素组合对猕猴桃愈伤组织诱导及芽分化的影响．试验结果表明，MS培养基中附加激素2，4-D1．0mg／L＋6-BA0．5mg／L有利于愈伤组织诱导，诱导率达86．1％；Ms培养基中附加激素组合NAA0．1mg／L＋6-BA1．0mg／L有利于芽分化，芽分化率为75．2％．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with