社会保障制度的经济学分析

社会保障制度能够影响一个国家短期和长期的国民收入水平。我国要建立社会主义和谐社会，政府要加大投入力度，建立覆盖面大、保障水平统一、与我国经济发展水平相适应的社会保障制度。     

当代西方社会保障经济理论述评

社会保障经济理论的发展与社会保障制度的建立和发展是一个互动的过程，建立起最优的社会保障制度，既要研究西方国家的社会保障制度．也需要研究西方国家社会保障经济理论的发展。纵观西方国家社会保障经济理论的演进过程，其中提出了一系列富有特色的理论主张，也取得了不少科学成就，对资本主义的发展曾起到了一定的作用，这些积极作用有许多是值得我们借鉴的。因此，系统研究西方国家社会保障经济理论对于构建适合中国国情的社会保障制度是必要的和有益的。     

西方社会保障制度及其在市场经济中的作用与启示

社会保障制度是西方国家在市场经济发展过程中普遍实行的一种制度。研究西方社会保障制度，对于我国发展社会主义市场经济，建立和完善我国的社会保障制度具有现实意义。本文主要阐述了西方社会保障制度的建立、西方社会保障制度的类型、西方社会保障制度的作用以及西方社会保障制度的启示等几个问题。     

从相互依靠到“集体帐篷”——美国社会保障体制的历史演变

美国社会保障制度的建立只有６０多年的历史，现已成了美国政治经济制度和社会生活的重要组成部分。美国社会保障的演变是一个客观的历史过程，它的产生和发展大致可分为两个时期：传统的“社会保障”和现代的社会保障     

我国农村社会保障水平的比较研究

通过对农村社会保障制度建立的经济条件、农村社会保障的保障对象和资金来源进行的国际比较，以及对印度农村社会保障体系的分析与借鉴，得出结论：必须加快我国农村社会保障制度建立的步伐，政府应承担起建立农村社会保障体系的责任。     

论有中国特色的社会保障制度与市场经济

建立有中国特色的社会保障制度，是社会主义市场经济的必然趋势，中国选择了市场经济这种经济发展模式，必然要建立与之相适应的社会保障制度，尽管在市场经济基础上建立社会保障制度是国际惯例，但中国的社会保障制度不同于世界上现存的任何一种社会保障制度，有其突出的特色。     

论农村现代社会保障制度的建立和发展--对曲靖农村现代社会保障制度的探析

农村现代社会保障制度的建立和发展是我国社会主义现代化建设的一项重要内容。但是，边远地区、高寒山区和少数民族聚居区的现代社会保障制度还几乎没有建立起来。传统社会保障仍占据着主导地位。在中国社会经济飞速发展的形势下，我们应充分利用有利因素加快农村现代社会保障制度的建立和发展。     

对江西农村社会保障制度建设的探索

社会保障是政府公共管理的重要组成部分，本文从江西目前经济发展状况的大前提出发，探讨农村社会保障制度建设的层次与模式。江西省社会保障制度建设的目标就是建立起社会保险、社会救济、社会福利、优抚安置、社会互助和个人储蓄相结合的多层次社会保障体系，这个体系的一个重要内容便是农村社会保障建设。但由于江西省省情比较特殊，经济实力相对落后，地方财政比较困难，所以必须从实际出发，发挥政府有效职能，建设和完善农村社会保障体系，这是我们的基本立足点。     

我国社会保障基金管理存在的问题及对策探讨

目前我国社会保障制度还存在不足，社会保障基金的管理还存在较多问题。必须从扩大社会保障的覆盖面、建立有效的风险防范机制和监督机制、加强法制建设等方面完笋社会保障基金制度，加强社会保障基金的管理，提高我国的社会保障水平。     

关于农村社会保障制度的若干问题思考

我国现代社会保障制度在城镇社会保障制度迅速发展的同时，由于农村经济基础还难以适应，土地、农村人口的相对贫困和加入WTO等一系列因素，迫切的需要建立我国农村社会保障体系。在建立的过程中如何解除推动农村社会保障工作的障碍是各级政府面临的难题，如何决策我国的农村社会保障制度的道路为我国农村的社会、经济全面发展带来了挑战了机遇和挑战。本文对农村社会保障制度中存在的问题，其发展方向与对策上作了些许探讨。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that