两种锁磷剂锁磷效果对比研究

选取澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织研发的Phoslock和美国新一代锁磷剂SAE两种锁磷剂进行了吸附动力学试验、等温吸附试验和解吸附试验研究,对比分析这两种锁磷剂对磷的吸附效果.结果表明,Phoslock在1 h达到吸附平衡,而SAE在30 min达到吸附平衡.两种锁磷剂均符合Langmuir吸附模式,1 g Phoslock能够吸附9.88 mg P,1 g SAE可吸附9.93 mg P.对磷的解吸附实验表明,两种锁磷剂的解吸均不会对其除磷效果产生显著影响,且SAE的稳定性略优于Phoslock.     

以炭黑为原料温和条件下液相生长碳(质)微带

以炭黑为原料,在温和条件下的无水乙醇相中,培养出从根本上不同于炭黑粒子聚集体结构的微米尺寸的带状结构碳(质)新型材料。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、电子衍射对新材料结构进行了表征。研究结果表明：在温和条件下的有机溶剂中以炭黑为原料制备出形态与结构完全不同于炭黑的带状晶体结构新型碳(质)材料,统计结果显示碳(质)微带的厚度约为1～5μm,宽度约为5～30μm,长度可达数毫米。     

模板剂对介孔碳孔道结构及有序性的影响

分别以三嵌段聚合物F127、P123以及P123/F127作为模板剂,酚醛树脂为有机碳源,采用溶剂挥发自组装法制备有序介孔碳材料。采用XRD,TEM和N2吸/脱附等手段对有序介孔碳进行表征,研究F127、P123及P123/F127复合模板剂对介孔碳孔道结构及有序性的影响。结果表明,使用单一模板剂时,F127较P123更易产生有序六方介孔结构;使用P123/F127复合模板剂,介孔碳有较好的二维六方有序性,介孔孔容和比表面积较单独使用F127作模板分别提高了50%与31%;当m(P123)/m(F127)=1/3时,所得介孔碳BET比表面积为498.5 m2/g,介孔孔容和比表面积分别为0.173 cm3/g和167m2/g,平均孔径为3.41 nm。     

高硫卡林型金精矿中碳质表征及其对生物预氧化提金的影响

为分析金精矿中碳质在生物预氧化提金工艺中的影响,以贵州泥堡高硫卡林型金精矿为原料,以气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析了样品中有机碳可能的有机组分;结合拉曼光谱分析了该碳质在微观空间尺度上碳原子的空间排布特征和规律,并讨论了其与劫金性质的关系;结合劫金指数(PRI)测定以及对不同含金溶液的吸附实验,进一步分析其劫金能力和载金能力;最后结合生物预氧化产品炭浆法(CIP)氰化提金实验,分析了该碳质在实际生物预氧化提金工艺中的影响.结果表明:矿样中有机碳组分为干酪根,其裂解气含有多种干酪根母源有机质,不利于氰化;拉曼光谱分析结果与PRI测试结果吻合,均表明矿样中碳质具有高劫金性质;在实际生物预氧化产品CIP氰化提金过程中,采用添加活性炭与劫金碳质竞争吸附,可减少10.14%已溶出的金被劫金碳质吸附,后续金浸出率可达80.17%.     

对钢水升温用碳质发热剂的初步探讨

依据热力学与动力学原理，计算了碳的氧化热效应。讨论分析了碳的氧化速度和完全燃烧，以及碳质发热剂的组成与成型等问题。     

苯并噁嗪/环氧树脂基耐高温防火复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用无溶剂法合成了双酚A型苯并噁嗪树脂(BOZ),添加成碳剂后与环氧树脂共固化制备耐高温树脂基体,并用该树脂基体与玻璃纤维布制备了耐高温防火复合材料。表征了噁嗪树脂的结构以及噁嗪树脂与环氧树脂的固化特性,采用TG-DTA研究了固化体系的耐热性;对添加不同成碳剂的树脂基体及其复合材料在1000℃火焰中燃烧,研究了成碳剂对材料残碳率和碳层形貌的影响。结果表明,树脂基体分解放热峰的峰顶温度为670℃;当加入质量分数5%复配成碳剂时,树脂基体残碳率为68.83%;其玻璃纤维增强的复合材料在1000℃火焰中燃烧15min后残碳率为25.82%,碳层均匀附着在玻璃纤维表面,起到隔热和烧蚀作用,使复合材料具有良好的短效防火性。     

萃取-比浊法测定焦化废水中微生物疏水性的研究

研究了萃取-比浊法测定焦化废水中微生物疏水性,对比了3种萃取剂,发现四氯化碳吸附微生物的能力较强,菌体在四氯化碳-水界面和四氯化碳层能维持长时间稳定;选择最佳的菌液、萃取剂配比为2.67（菌液∶萃取剂=12∶4.5）;采用低转速离心（1 000 r/min、10 min）分离.并对实际焦化废水中主要微生物进行疏水比率测定,结合红外谱图分析,验证了该方法的简单可行.     

镇北油田高碳蜡原油采输清防蜡实验研究

为有效抑制高碳蜡原油井筒内壁蜡沉积,确保采输过程安全高效,以镇北侏罗系高碳蜡区块为研究对象,对油样析蜡点、SARA组分、蜡样熔点及碳数进行分析,评价现有清蜡剂的适应性,优选耐高温、耐高矿化度微生物嗜蜡菌,研制新型固体防蜡剂并进行现场试验.结果表明:侏罗系高碳蜡原油凝点高、胶质沥青质含量低,蜡样均为饱和烃,碳数在C25以...     

伊朗北阿扎德干油田沥青质沉积特征

伊朗北阿扎德干油田原油的四组分和气相色质联用分析表明,原油饱和烃碳链分布范围较广,直连烷烃主峰碳为C16,原油重质组分含量相对较高,石蜡组分少,芳烃组成非常复杂,其沉积环境为强还原和高盐度海相沉积环境;胶体不稳定系数及原油的流变性分析说明,该原油容易发生沥青质沉积;对伊朗原油沥青质初始絮凝点和沉淀量的研究发现,剂油比为0.21 mL/g时,伊朗原油沥青质开始发生絮凝,利用标度方程对沥青质沉积的预测表明,当剂油比为0.27 mL/g时,伊朗原油开始出现沥青质沉积,分子量较大的沉淀剂需要较大浓度才能引发沥青质沉淀,沥青质的沉淀量随沉淀剂分子量的增大而减小;分析注入不同体积天然气的特征化原油拟组分的变化情况,发现气举采油会导致沥青质的沉积初始压力升高,沥青质容易在井筒内沉积。     

钢铁企业能源消耗与CO2减排关系

建立了钢铁企业长流程CO2过程排放模型,给出总排放和工序排放的计算方法.计算发现:国内某800万t产量规模的典型钢铁企业CO2总排放在2007年达到1561.64万t,吨钢排放1.85t CO2;工序排放从大到小依次为炼铁、焦化、烧结、轧钢、炼钢、熔剂焙烧和球团工序,其中炼铁和焦化工序排放分别占总排放的58.83%和11.25%.为了评价钢铁企业能源消耗和CO2减排关系,提出钢铁企业CO2综合排放因子和能耗碳饱和指数评价方法.研究表明,为了减少CO2排放,钢铁企业不仅需要降低总体能耗,还需要降低能耗的碳饱和指数,能耗碳饱和指数与能源结构相关,能源结构中CO2总影响系数大的能源种类消耗量越大(例如焦炭),碳饱和指数越高,越不利于CO2的减排.这说明实现钢铁生产的生态园区化、优化能源结构以及加强钢铁生产的能源转换功能对钢铁企业减排有显著作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that