Multiobjective Decision Making: the Combined Approach

: In this paper, a new approach for generating all or partly efficient solutions called the Combined Approach is developed. The property of efficient solutions generated by the combined approach and its relationships with other four approaches: weighting approach, sequential approach, ε-constraint approach and hybrid approach, are discussed. Based on this combined approach, a decision-making support method called the Combined Decision-Making Method (CDMM) for multiobjective problems is developed, which is an interactive process with the decision maker. Only the aspiration levels, which reflect the decision maker's satisfying degrees for corresponding objectives, are needed to be supplied by the decision maker step by step as he will. This interactive way for objectives can easily be accepted. Finally, the application of the proposed decision making method in the resource allocation problem is discussed, and an example for the production decision analysis of the solar energy cells given.     

Best weight pattern evaluation based security constrained power dispatch algorithm

This paper presents a methodology which determines the allocation of power demand among the committed generating units while minimizes number of objectives as well as meets physical and technological system constraints. The procedure considers two decoupled problems based upon the dependency of their goals on either active power or reactive power generation. Both the problems have been solved sequentially to achieve optimal allocation of active and reactive power generation while minimizes operating cost, gaseous pollutants emission objectives and active power transmission loss with consideration of system operating constraints along with generators prohibited operating zones and transmission line flow limits. The active and reactive power line flows are obtained with the help of generalized generation shift distribution factors （GGDF） and generalized Z-bus distribution factors （GZBDF）, respectively. First problem is solved in multi-objective framework in which the best weights assigned to objectives are determined while employing weighting method and in second problem, active power loss of the system is minimized subject to system constraints. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated on 30-bus IEEE power system.     

Flexible Interaction Multiobjective Programming

This paper develops and interactive method,called flexible interaction multiobjectiveprogramming(FIMP),for solving multiobjective decision problems.In a decision process a minimaxproblem is iteratively solved within a progressively reduced objective space until a noninferior solutionwhich is perferred by the decision maker(DM)is found.The interaction process is easy,reliable and     

IDSS: Designing to Extend the Cognitive Limits

The paper presents the conceptual and operational basis of the creation of IDSS based on our recent research experience. In this paper, an intelligent decision support system, IDSS is defined as: any interactive system that is specially designed to improve the decision making of its user by extending the user's cognitive decision making abilities. As a result, this view of man-machine joint cognitive system stresses the need to use computational technology to aid the user in the decision making process. And the human's role is to achieve total systems's objectives. The paper outlines the designing procedure in successive steps. First, the decision maker's cognitive needs for decision support are identified. Second, the computationally realizable support functions are defined that could be provided by IDSS. Then, the specific techniques that would best fill the decision needs are discussed. And finally, for system implementation the modern computational technology infrastructure is emphasized.     

Adjustable entropy function method for support vector machine

Based on KKT complementary condition in optimization theory, an unconstrained non-differential optimization model for support vector machine is proposed. An adjustable entropy function method is given to deal with the proposed optimization problem and the Newton algorithm is used to figure out the optimal solution. The proposed method can find an optimal solution with a relatively small parameter p, which avoids the numerical overflow in the traditional entropy function methods. It is a new approach to solve support vector machine. The theoretical analysis and experimental results illustrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.     

Stochastic framework for reliability enhancement using optimal feeder reconfiguration

Optimal distribution feeder reconfiguration （DFR） is a valuable and costless approach to increase the load balance, reduce the amount of power losses, and improve the voltage of the buses. In this way, this paper aims to investigate the optimal DFR strategy as a proper tool to improve the reliability of the radial distribution networks. The idea of failure rate reduction is employed to see the effect of feeder current reduction on the reliability of the system more accurately. The objects to be investigated are system average interruption frequency index （SAIFI）, system average interruption duration index （SAIDI）, average energy not supplied （AENS） and total active power losses. The problem is then formulated in a stochastic framework based on the point estimate method （PEM） to handle the uncertainty effects. The feasibility and satisfying performance of the proposed method is examined on a standard IEEE test system.     

Method for multiple attribute decision making based on incomplete linguistic judgment matrix

With respect to the multiple attribute decision making problems with linguistic preference relations on alternatives in the form of incomplete linguistic judgment matrix, a method is proposed to analyze the decision problem. The incomplete linguistic judgment matrix is transformed into incomplete fuzzy judgment matrix and an optimization model is developed on the basis of incomplete fuzzy judgment matrix provided by the decision maker and the decision matrix to determine attribute weights by Lagrange multiplier method. Then the overall values of all alternatives are calculated to rank them. A numerical example is given to illustrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed method.     

Dominating attitudes in the graph model for conflict resolution

A formal methodology for analyzing the importance of weighing a decision maker’s attitudes in a conflict is introduced and applied to the problem of negotiating a fair transfer of a brownfield property. A decision maker’s attitudes are expressed in his consideration of his own preferences,as well as those of his opponents.Dominating attitudes are used to suggest that in a circumstance in which a decision maker takes into account multiple perspectives due to his attitudes,he may favor one perspective more heavily.The analysis of a brownfield acquisition conflict illustrates the types of insights that this methodology reveals.     

A hierarchical multiple criteria model for eliciting relative preferences in conflict situations

A multiple criteria decision analysis(MCDA) approach is designed for capturing the relative preference information of a decision maker involved in a conflict.More specifically,an MCDA approach based on the outranking method,ELECTRE III,is employed for ranking states or possible scenarios in the conflict from most to least preferred,where ties are allowed,for a decision maker according to his or her value system.To demonstrate how this preference elicitation methodology can be conveniently implemented in practice within the framework of the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution,it is applied to a real world water supply crisis which occurred in the town of North Battleford,located in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan.     

Range resolution and sampling frequency trade-off for GPS passive radar

In a global positioning system(GPS)passive radar,a high resolution requires a high sampling frequency,which increases the computational load.Balancing the computational load and the range resolution is challenging.This paper presents a method to trade off the range resolution and the computational load by experimentally determining the optimal sampling frequency through an analysis of multiple sets of GPS satellite data at different sampling frequencies.The test data are used to construct a range resolution-sampling frequency trade-off model using least-squares estimation.The theoretical analysis shows that the experimental data are the best fit using smoothing and nthorder derivative splines.Using field GPS C/A code signal-based GPS radar,the trade-off between the optimal sampling frequency is determined to be in the 20461.25–24553.5 kHz range,which supports a resolution of 43–48 m.Compared with the conventional method,the CPU time is reduced by approximately 50%.     

A situation calculus based approach to dynamic management of e-business services

In the era of e-businesses, the traditional business services are greatly challenged by the ever-increasing demands from customers with various backgrounds and personalities. Large numbers of new e-businesses are driven by the needs of customers. The existing dynamics inherent in the customer needs require the corresponding dynamic management of services. Attempting to respond to customers in a rapid and intelligent way, this paper proposes a situation calculus based approach for dynamically managing e-Business services in the ubiquitous environment. By employing the formalism of the situation calculus to enable intelligence and automation, the approach can implement. the functions of service automatic composition and model verification. These functions will improve the degree of customer-orientation and enable fast responsiveness in the emerging e-service systems.     

Conflict analysis approaches for investigating attitudes and misperceptions in the War of 1812

Formal systems engineering approaches to modeling misperceptions and attitudes are employed within the framework of the graph model for conflict resolution to systematically study the War of 1812 between the United States of America and Great Britain in order to provide enhanced insights into the causes of the war. More specifically, relational definitions for preferences, movements and stability concepts are defined for describing the attitudes and associated behavior of decision makers involved in a conflict. To capture misperceptions of decision makers in the War of 1812, attitudes are studied within the structure of a hypergame. Combining attitudes and misperceptions within the paradigm of the graph model furnishes the flexible analytical tool which demonstrates that misunderstanding of attitudes by Great Britain and the United States may have contributed to the outbreak of this nasty war.     

Simulating the supply disruption for the coordinated supply chain

There are many disruptive accidents in the supply chain operations system and achieving the coordination of supply chain is main objective for supply chain research. While disruptive accidents have increasingly influenced the coordinated operation of the supply chain, existing research literature on the supply chain coordination is setting in a stationary environment. The answer for how the disruptive accidents affect the coordinated supply chain is given in this paper. Based on the benchmark supply chain which is coordinated by the negative incentive mechanism, we study the impacts of supply disruption on the supply chain system by using simulation approach in which two different distribution function of random variable are used to express the supply disruption. Comparison between these two simulation results and possible coordination mechanism under the supply disruption are proposed. From the perspective of supply chain risk management, we provide the inspiration for the manager.     

Dual worth trade-off method and its application for solving multiple criteria decision making problems

1 .INTRODUCTIONThe multiple criteria decision making ( MCDM)problem has two remarkable properties : incom-mensurability and inter-contradictoriness amongobjectives . By incommensurability among objec-tives is meant that there is no uniform measuringstandard for each objective ,hence it is difficult tocompare the each other . By inter-contradictorinessis meant that if some solution is taken to makesome objective value better ,then it is possible tomake another or several other objectives …     

A calculus for services innovation

Innovation in the services area - especially in the electronic services （e-services） domain - can be systematically developed by first considering the strategic drivers and foci, then the tactical principles and enablers, and finally the operational decision attributes, all of which constitute a process or calculus of services innovation. More specifically, there are four customer drivers （i.e., collaboration, customization, integration and adaptation）, three business foci （i.e., creation-focused, solution-focused and competition-focused）, six business principles （i.e., reconstruct market boundaries, focus on the big picture not numbers, reach beyond existing demand, get strategic sequence right, overcome organizational hurdles and build execution into strategy）, eight technical enablers （i.e., software algorithms, automation, telecommunication, collaboration, standardization, customization, organization, and globalization）, and six attributes of decision informatics （i.e., decision-driven, information-based, real-time, continuously-adaptive, customer-centric and computationally-intensive）. It should be noted that the four customer drivers are all directed at empowering the individual - that is, at recognizing that the individual can, respectively, contribute in a collaborative situation, receive customized or personalized attention, access an integrated system or process, and obtain adaptive real-time or just-in-time input. The developed process or calculus serves to identify the potential white spaces or blue oceans for innovation. In addition to expanding on current innovations in services and related experiences, white spaces are identified for possible future innovations; they include those that can mitigate the unforeseen consequences or abuses of earlier innovations, safeguard our rights to privacy, protect us from the always-on, interconnected world, provide us with an authoritative search engine, and generate a GDP metric that can adequately measure the growing knowledge economy,     

ON SERVICES RESEARCH AND EDUCATION

1. Pertinent Background The importance of the services sector can not be overstated (Tien, 2006); it employs a large and growing proportion of workers in the industrialized nations. As reflected in Table 1, the services sector includes a number of large industries; indeed, services employment in the U.S. is at 82.1 percent, while the remaining four economic sectors (i.e., manufacturing, agriculture, construction, and mining), which together can be considered to be the “goods” sector, emplo…     

“EII META—MODEL” ON INTEGRATION FRAMEWORK FOR VIABLE ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS——CITY PLANNING METAPHOR BASED ON STRUCTURAL SIMILARITY

Enterprise systems must have the structure to adapt the change of business environment.When rebuilding enterprise system to meet the extended operational boundaries,the concept of IT city planning is applicable and effective.The aim of this paper is to describe the architectural approach from the integrated imformation infrastructure(In3) standpoint and to propose for applying the “City Planning” concept for rebuilding “inter-application spaghetti” enterprise systems.This is mainly because the portion of infrastructure has increased with the change of information systems from centralized systems to distributed and open systems.As enterprise systems have involved heterogeneity or architectural black box in them,it may be required the integration framework (meta-architecture)as a discipline based on heterogeneity that can provide comprehensive view of the enterprise systems.This paper proposes “EII Meta-model” as the integration framework that can optimize the overall enterprise systems from the IT city planning point of view.EII Meta-model consists of “Integrated Information Infrastructure Map(In3-Map)”,“Service·Framework” and “IT Scenario”.It would be applicable and effective for the viable enterprise,because it has the mechanism to adapt the change.Finally,we illustrate a case of information system in an online securities company and demonstrate spplicability and effectiveness of EII Meta-model to meet their business goals.     

AN AHP MODEL FOR BRINGING EXPERTS TO CONSENSUS ON MEDICAL PAYMENT STANDARDS

1. Introduction Many countries with health insurance systems conduct periodic payment standardsadjustments. The main reasons are to address continually rising health care costs and to ensure an equitable allocation of resources. From the248 JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING data of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, the proportion of health care costs as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) continues to r…     

ON IMPROVING AN INTEGRATED INVENTORY MODEL FOR A SINGLE VENDOR AND MULTIPLE BUYERS WITH A RELAXED MATERIAL ORDERING CYCLE POLICY

1. Introduction With the development of information technology and the increasing market competition, simultaneously reducing inventory costs of raw materials, work-in-process, and finished items in different stages has become a major focus for supply chain management. Industrial practice and academic research have shown that VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) can improve supply chain performance by decreasing inventory levels and costs. VMI is a collaborative business initiative where the vend…