原位反应生成Al-Fe/Al_2O_3,Al-Cu/Al_2O_3复合材料的过程原理

采用喷射共沉积法制备了Ａｌ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３及Ａｌ－ＣｕＯ复合体，Ｆｅ和Ｃｕ的质量分数分别为９．６０％和５．５０％．在热处理过程中，随着温度由６００℃升高到８００℃和１０００℃，Ｆｅ３Ｏ４按Ｆｅ３Ｏ４ＦｅＯＦｅ顺序被还原，得到Ａｌ－Ｆｅ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合材料，其中Ｆｅ以Ａｌ１３Ｆｅ４相及ＡｌＦｅ相形式存在．Ａｌ２Ｏ３粒度为２～４μｍ均匀分布在基体中．Ａｌ／ＣｕＯ复合体在９００℃处理后，形成Ａｌ－Ｃｕ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合材料．文中对显微结构形成、反应进行的过程作了分析．     

添加剂对Fe2O3系湿敏陶瓷性能的影响

本文论述了凹凸棒石（Ａｔｔａｐｕｌｇｉｔｅ）吸附剂对Ｆｅ２Ｏ３系陶瓷湿敏性能的影响．研究结果表明：用５％－８％的ＡＴＩ替代Ｆｅ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｋ２Ｏ系中Ａｌ２Ｏ３制得的湿敏陶瓷，具有优良的敏感特性和稳定性．材料稳定原因是由于在主晶相表面上形成有多孔结构的玻璃层，提高了材料抗污染能力，同时在该层中保留了有助于提高电导和灵敏度的Ｋ＋，使其不易溶解，仅在表面上进行水分子吸附，解吸可逆变化．     

碳化硅、氧化锆增韧氧化铝复相陶瓷的研究

在纳米氧铝粉中加入碳化硅晶须和纳米氧化铝粉，通过烧结得到细晶的氧化铝基复相陶瓷，达到了提高氧化铝陶瓷断裂韧性的目的．研究了Ｎａｎｏ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＳｉＣ（ｗ）、ＺｒＯ２复相陶瓷的烧结温度、晶粒尺寸、ＳｉＣ（ｗ）含量等对细晶Ａｌ２Ｏ３基复相陶瓷材料断裂韧性的影响．采用纳米Ａｌ２Ｏ３粉，可使烧结温度大幅度下降，在１６００℃即可得到致密的细晶陶瓷材料．ＳｉＣ（ｗ）质量分数ｗ为１８％时可以得到较高的断裂韧性值，ＫＩＣ＝６．９６ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２．晶须增韧的机理仍然是晶须的拔出和断裂．加入ＺｒＯ２后，利用ＺｒＯ２的相变增韧的效果，可以使Ａｌ２Ｏ３基陶瓷材料的断裂韧性进一步提高．     

工程陶瓷与石墨化铸铁配副的无润滑滑动磨损

在室温、不润滑的条件下，使用环块试验机进行了Ａｌ２Ｏ３，Ｓｉ３Ｎ４及ＺｒＯ２与球墨铸铁、灰铸铁配副的滑动摩擦磨损试验。发现陶瓷磨损试验。发现陶瓷磨损体积依次增加的顺序是Ａｌ２Ｏ３→ＺｒＯ２→Ｓｉ３Ｎ４；而铸铁无论与何种陶瓷配副，灰铸铁的磨损体积基本大于球墨铸铁。对磨损后陶瓷表面形貌及能谱分析，发现Ａｌ２Ｏ３表面有大量铸铁转移物，使Ａｌ２Ｏ３磨损量在三种陶瓷中为最小。     

燃煤MHD发电Al2O3基电极间绝缘材料抗裂性的改善

为避免燃煤ＭＨＤ发电Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷电极间绝缘片在动态试验中发生开裂的现象，作者进行了在Ａｌ２Ｏ３基材料中添加第二相（ＺｒＯ２，Ｓｉ３Ｎ４）以提高抗热震性和改善抗裂性的研究。结果表明，所研制的Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４多相复合新材料与Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷相比，室温抗弯强度提高１４０％，抗热震临界温差△Ｔ提高７５％。在动态电弧加的器法拉第通道进行２５ｈ试验后，电极间绝缘片全部完整，棱角清晰。     

平果铝厂赤泥的物相分析

采用等离子光谱、Ｘ射线衍射、电子显微分析技术研究了平果铝厂赤泥的化学组成和物相组成．结果表明，平果铝土矿拜耳法处理后的赤泥中含赤铁矿（α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３）、针铁矿（α－ＦｅＯＯＨ）、水化石榴石（Ｃａ３ＡｌＦｅ（ＳｉＯ４）（ＯＨ）８）、一水硬铝石（Ａｌ２Ｏ３·Ｈ２Ｏ）、含水铝硅酸钠（Ｎａ２Ｏ·Ａｌ２Ｏ３·１．６８ＳｉＯ２·１．７３Ｈ２Ｏ）、钙钛矿（ＣａＴｉＯ３）、羟钙石（Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２）、方解石（ＣａＣＯ３）等物相，其中赤铁矿和水化石榴石含量较高，赤泥中还含有可供工业提纯价值的Ｚｒ，Ｖ，Ｎｂ，Ｔａ，Ｓｃ．研究结果为今后开发利用平果铝厂赤泥提供了理论和实验的依据     

复合钢管陶瓷层相组成及致密化的研究

利用离心自蔓延高温合成技术,在普通碳素钢管的内壁涂敷一层厚度均匀的Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 陶瓷层．研究表明,在Ａｌ＋ Ｆｅ２Ｏ３ 反应体系中,适当增加配方中Ａｌ或ＳｉＯ２ 的加入量,化学反应趋向于完全,而增加ＣｒＯ３ 的加入量却得到相反的结果;在Ａｌ＋Ｆｅ２Ｏ３ 体系中同时加入ＳｉＯ２ 和ＣｒＯ３,显著降低了陶瓷层的孔隙度     

Al2O3／ZrO2层状复合陶瓷的研究

用辊轧工艺，在最佳成分配比及烧结制度下，制备了Ａｌ２Ｏ３／２０％Ａｌ２Ｏ３（ｎｍ）＋２０％ＺｒＯ２＋６０％Ａｌ２Ｏ３（μｍ）／Ａｌ２Ｏ３层状复合陶瓷，通过断裂韧性的测定，发现层状复合的断裂韧性值比无层状复合的Ａｌ２Ｏ３或ＺｒＯ２增加Ａｌ２Ｏ３有很大的提高，利用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）对层状复合的微观结构进行了观察，讨论了层状复合的增韧机制和ＺｒＯ２诱发微裂纹的机理，同时观察到层状复合断裂的典型特征为台阶     

反应烧结制备莫来石基复合材料及添加剂的影响

重点研究了Ａｌ２Ｏ３ ／ＺｒＳｉＯ４ 富铝体系反应烧结制备过程中的晶相变化,以及Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＳｉＯ２ 比对反应烧结的影响,进而研究了添加Ｃｒ２Ｏ３ 对反应烧结的影响．研究表明,在反应烧结过程中,莫来石的生成明显滞后于ＺｒＳｉＯ４ 的分解;在相同温度下,ＺｒＳｉＯ４ 的分解程度随Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 的加入量的增加而提高．添加Ｃｒ２Ｏ３ 使莫来石的稳定生成温度提高,此外,Ｃｒ２Ｏ３ 的引入有助于Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 向莫来石中的固溶     

CO2加H2合成甲醇反应中CuO／ZnAl2O4催化剂性能的研究

研究了制备条件对ＣＯ２加Ｈ２合成ＣＨ３ＯＨ反应中ＣｕＯ／ＺｎＡｌ２Ｏ４催化剂的性能及ＺｎＡｌ２Ｏ４尖晶石形成的影响。采用ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ、ＴＰＤ和ＦＴ－ＩＲ等测试技术，对催化剂晶相结构和表面物种进行了深入分析。结果表明，沉淀方法对催化活性具有重要影响；ＮａＣＯ３沉淀剂最有利于ＺｎＡｌ２Ｏ４尖晶石的形成；Ｚｎ／Ａｌ摩尔配比为０．２３／０．３８时，尖晶石形成最为完整，活性最好。经ＴＰＤ和ＦＴ－ＩＲ测试，     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that