阳离子表面活性剂微乳液中甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合研究

研究了不同温度(30℃、40℃、50℃)、不同盐水浓度(1%、3%、5%(质量百分数))条件下,阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)/正丁醇—甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)—水(或盐水)拟三元体系三相图,并对甲基丙烯酸甲酯微乳液聚合反应进行了研究。研究表明:(1)随着温度升高,微乳区间增大;(2)盐类物质的加入对甲基丙烯酸甲酯在微乳液中有增溶效应;(3)甲基丙烯酸甲酯微乳液聚合反应速率随着温度升高而增大。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸丁酯微乳液共聚合的研究

在70℃,以过硫酸钾(KPS)和亚硫酸钠氧化还原引发体系作为引发剂,将甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)进行微乳液共聚合,成功制得了固含量为35％、平均粒径在45nm左右的蓝色半透明微乳液．进一步考察了引发剂及乳化剂用量对微乳液粒子粒径的影响;深入研究了微乳液的粒子形态、粒径大小及其分布和微乳液流变性能．     

NaCl对含FeSO4微乳液体系电导率和pH值的影响

通过向十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/正丁醇/二甲苯/水溶液(FeSO4)组成的微乳体系中加入不同浓度NaCl溶液,测量体系在不同温度下的电导率和pH值,讨论了盐效应和温度对微乳体系的影响.结果表明:体系的电导率随着盐浓度增加和温度升高而变大,pH值随温度的升高而减小.向FeSO4微乳液体系加入NaCl溶液后发现:当温度低于20℃时,加入0.01 mol*L -1NaCl溶液,体系的电导率即高于原微乳液体系的电导率;当温度在20-35℃之间时,氯化钠浓度需达到0.06 mol*L -1,体系的电导率才高于原体系的电导率;温度高于35℃时,只有氯化钠浓度超过0.08 mol*L -1,体系的电导率才会高于原体系的电导率.     

γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷与甲基三乙氧基硅烷共聚乳液的合成及性能研究

采用复合乳化剂,以γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)和甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)为原料,乳液聚合合成了性能稳定的聚硅氧烷乳液.讨论了反应温度,投料方式,单体配比对乳液粒径变化和性能的影响.结果表明:在反应温度30~50℃范围内,乳液粒径随着温度的升高逐渐变大;随着单体用量的增加,粒径逐渐增大.相同条件下,一次加料的乳液粒径比单体滴加的乳液粒径大.当反应温度为45℃,乳化剂用量为5%(对单体),十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)用量为0.20 g,nMPS∶nMTES=1∶1(摩尔比)时,得到的乳液粒径分布及稳定性最佳,且粒子形貌为规整球形.     

高锰酸钾引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯微乳液聚合

以高锰酸钾为引发剂,采用膨胀计法,对十二烷基硫酸钠与乳化剂OP协同稳定的甲基丙烯酸甲酯O/W型微乳液体系的聚合进行了研究,考察了引发剂种类、反应温度、引发剂浓度、单体浓度及AA/MMA质量比对微乳液单体转化率及聚合速率的影响,结果表明：相对于油溶性的偶氮二异丁腈,水溶性的高锰酸钾和过硫酸钾引发微乳液聚合的速率较快且转化率较高;反应温度升高,聚合速率及最终转化率先增加后减小,35℃以上聚合时的表观活化能为-82.7kJ/mol;高锰酸钾浓度增大,聚合速率及最终转化率逐步增至最大值并趋于稳定;随单体浓度以及AA/MMA质量比的增加,聚合速率及最终转化率存在峰值;此外,条件适宜可以观察到比较明显的恒速期.     

浅析表面活性剂土温-40微乳液的形成及其相行为研究

介绍了非离子表面活性剂土温-40,油相为甲苯,助表面活性剂为元水乙醇,三次去离子水体系微乳液的制备方法并测绘出该体系的拟三元相图。分别对21℃、25℃和270C恒温条件下,表面活性剂助、表面活性剂质量比为2：1,1：3,3：1时的W／O型微乳液体系相行为变化趋势进行了研究。实验结果表明,升高体系温度及非离子表面活性剂浓度的增加,均能使微乳液体系增溶油和水的能力加强。在相图上表现为微乳区面积增大,微乳区域形状的改变有所不同。     

SDS／环己烷／正丁醇／水微乳体系相行为的研究

采用电导率曲线讨论了加水稀释过程中,体系由W／O型一双连续型一0／w型的微观结构转变。25℃时,绘制了十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）／正丁醇／环己影水体系在不同w值（水和SDS的摩尔比）时的相图,得出该体系能形成W／O微乳液的配比为：正丁醇的质量分数在20％-60％,环己烷的质量分数在0—80％．该体系在室温下能够形成较大范围的W／O单相微乳液区,w值对微乳区的面积和所在的位置无太大的影响;W=20时绘制了不同温度下的微乳液相图,结果表明：当温度升高时微乳区明显减小,且总体上有远离S（水＋SDS相）角的趋势,此时增大醇的用量有助于微乳液的形成。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯可聚合微乳液体系的研究

分别采用电导率仪、粘度计和折射仪测定了不同类型微乳液的结构变化.结果表明,在固定甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)/丙烯酸(AA)混合单体量的情况下,随着水相含量的增加,体系的电导率、粘度和折射率发生明显变化,体系由反相微乳液经双连续型微乳液逐渐转变为正相微乳液.对微乳液的粒度分析表明,油相含量较低时,正相微乳液体系中的液滴可视作溶胀胶束;在反相微乳液中,随着十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液含量的增加,水相液滴粒径明显增大;在MMA/AA/H2O无皂反相微乳液体系中,微乳液的粒子比有皂体系的大.最后,微乳液聚合表明过硫酸钾能够稳定引发正相微乳液聚合,同时Mn3+也可用于引发正相微乳液聚合.     

反相“核壳结构”乳胶粒子的合成及其形态

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）和苯乙烯（St）为单体,采用半连续种子乳液法,合成了PS/P(MMA BA)聚合物乳液。通过粒径分布、DSC和透射电镜（TEM）表征了乳胶粒结构,并利用原子力显微镜(AFM)对不同温度处理下的乳胶粒子结构及形态变化进行了研究。结果表明,合成的聚合物乳液为反相核壳结构;随着热处理温度的升高,乳胶粒子的结构和形态发生明显的变化,出现粒子的变形、融合并发生正反核壳的翻转。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯与水性聚氨酯的共聚反应

采用甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)与水性聚氨酯乳液共聚制备聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯(PUA)复合乳液,研究了MMA添加量对PUA复合乳液的制备及涂膜性能的影响,并应用傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)和凝胶渗透色谱测定反应产物的结构和相对分子质量．研究发现随MMA添加量增大,PUA复合乳液平均粒径增大,粘度减小,PUA树脂的相对分子质量增大,涂膜光泽度下降,机械性能变好,涂膜耐水、耐乙醇性增加．合适的MMA添加量为体系总固体质量的20％～30％．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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