具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

陕西延川黄河蛇曲国家地质公园旅游资源研究与建设构想析

陕西延川黄河蛇曲是发育在晋陕峡谷中的大型蛇曲群体,完整系统地保留了黄河蛇曲形成、演化过程的地质遗迹,本文通过对该国家地质公园旅游资源的进行调查和系统研究的基础上,采用定性与定量相结合的方法,依据旅游资源的评定体系和评定方法,对陕西延川黄河蛇曲国家地质公园的地景及人文旅游资源质量、区域环境质量和旅游开发利用条件进行评价,表明陕西延川黄河蛇曲国家地质公园达到国家级资源质量标准。并根据陕西延川黄河蛇曲国家地质公园适宜发展地质旅游的特点,提出了建设该国家地质公园的具体建设构想。     

马钱子苷对神经干细胞的增殖、存活和分化的调节作用

为探讨不同浓度的马钱子苷对神经干细胞的增殖、存活和分化的调节作用及其相关分子机制，本实验从成年小鼠大脑中分离培养了神经干细胞，用不同浓度的马钱子苷进行干预，观察马钱子苷对神经干细胞增殖、存活和分化的影响。结果显示：成年小鼠神经干细胞在含有中、高浓度马钱子苷的增殖培养基中培养5 d和7 d后，神经球数量和直径与对照相比显著增加（P<0.05）；中、高剂量的马钱子苷能够促进神经干细胞的有丝分裂，低剂量马钱子苷处理显著促进神经干细胞发生分化（P<0.01），并增加神经元和星形胶质细胞的数量及比例（P<0.01）；中、高剂量马钱子苷抑制神经干细胞分化（P<0.05），高剂量的马钱子苷使得神经元的数量减少（P<0.05）。研究结果表明，高浓度的马钱子苷能够促进神经干细胞存活，并通过促进神经干细胞有丝分裂来提高其增殖能力；低浓度的马钱子苷促进神经干细胞分化，有利于神经再生和少突胶质细胞再生。研究结果为神经干细胞治疗中枢神经系统疾病的研究奠定了理论和实验基础。     

文艺复兴时期欧洲声乐艺术的特点与成就

"文艺复兴"是西方文明史上的一次重大的思想文化运动。文艺复兴时期音乐文化的重要特点,一是世俗音乐的发展,二是专业音乐的发展。声乐艺术在文艺复兴时期所取得的成就及在各个历史时期的发展、变革以及各种流派和风格的产生,必然和当时社会的现状紧密相连。     

从城市污水和污泥中回收磷资源的研究

从磷在生态系统中的意义和磷的地质、生物循环过程入手,论述了从污水及污泥中回收磷资源的技术方法。根据我国城市人口的数量,每人每年向污水中排放的磷的数量,城市污水的处理量,污泥的利用途径,估算了从城市污水和污泥中回收磷资源的潜力。结果表明,随着我国城市人口的增加,污水处理率的提高,从城市污水和污泥中回收磷资源的潜力越来越大。     

超声包合法分离测定重质油中链烷烃和环烷烃

重质油中链烷烃与环烷烃的分离分析是烃类分析的难点,本文将超声波技术与尿素、硫脲包合法相结合,对大庆减压馏分油进行了链烷烃和环烷烃的分离试验,并用GC/MS和NMR对分离后的组分进行了研究.当活化剂异丙醇与油样品的质量比为7.5、包合反应温度为38~43℃时,5次重复试验测得链烷烃和环烷烃的平均质量分数分别为46.56%和41.88%,相对标准偏差分别为0.7%和0.51%.链烷烃中正构烷烃的碳数分布为C20—C38,其中环烷烃的含量低于NMR的检测限,环烷烃的总离子流色谱图显示出其中的链烷烃含量很低.研究结果表明超声波对尿素、硫脲包合反应有明显的促进作用,能显著地提高重质油中链烷烃和环烷烃的分离效果,该方法测定重质油中链烷烃和环烷烃的含量准确度高、重复性好.     

中国古代文学审美理论的研究范畴

从学审美的本质和特征、学的审美功能和审丑效应、学美感的传达和接受、学形式和风格的审美情趣、民族宗教与学审美等方面，探讨了中国古代学审美理论的研究范畴。旨在建构具有民族性、大众性、科学性的学审美理论，使之从传统走向现代、从本土走向世界。     

颠覆性技术资助:从国外经验到中国方案

 颠覆性技术是实现国家科技创新能力突破性发展的重要力量。美、日等国早已布局发展颠覆性技术,中国尚处于起步探索阶段。通过梳理全球主要国家颠覆性技术资助的经验,结合中国科技管理实情,发现现行科技计划管理体制、传统的评审标准与方式以及科研项目管理的“急功近利”等阻碍了颠覆性技术在中国的发展。基于此,提出成立专项资助办公室、创新科技项目形成机制与资助方式以及完善科技项目管理机制等建议。     

我国中学生体质下降原因剖析与对策

对我国中学生体质下降原因进行了全面的剖析,并根据中学生生理发育的特点、体质存在的主要问题,以及社会、学校、家庭和学生的现状,提出了改善我国中学生体质的对策和科学健身、终身体育锻炼的基本原则、方法和注意事项。     

儒道佛思想对废名的影响综论

废名深厚的传统文化修养，形成了以儒为主，佛道为补的人格精神结构。儒道佛思想影响他对人生状态的感知和对人生意义的慧悟；造成他既厌世又恋世的奇特入生观；导致了他为摆脱生存困境而设定的诗意生命理想与现世精神的矛盾；同时也是他作品平和冲淡中央杂着哀愁的风格的成因之一。