On the carbohydrate utilization by the larvae ofTrogoderma granarium everts. (Dermestidae: Coleoptera)

Zusammenfassung Trogoderma-Larven reagieren auf verschiedenartige Kohlehydrate verschieden. Disaccharide erweisen sich als die besten, Trisaccharide, Stärke und Hexosen als ziemlich gute, Pentosen und Zuckeralkohole als sehr schlechte Kohlehydratquellen.     

Chemical defence in the larvae of the leaf beetleGonioctena viminalis L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Summary The leaf beetle larva ofGonioctena (Phytodecta) viminalis L. has been shown to produce five volatile constituents within its paired abdominal defensive gland reservoirs. It is the first time that these compounds have been reported to occur in coleopteran defensive glands (linalool, phenylethanol) and Chrysomelidae larvae (6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol, 2-hexenal). In addition to the gross morphology of theGonioctena gland and its discharge behavior, the natural products found are discussed in terms of chemotaxonomy.     

Enhancement of boll weevilAnthonomus grandis Boh. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pheromone biosynthesis with JH III

Summary The juvenile hormone JH III, when incorporated at 1.0 ppm in the diet of adult male boll weevils (Anthonomus grandis Boh.), increased the biosynthesis of its 4 pheromone compounds by 3 times. The biosynthesis at lower and higher levels of JH III was less. JH I was not active at any of the concentrations tested.In cooperation with the Miss. Agr. and For. Exp. Sta., Miss. State, MS 39762. Mention of a proprietary product does not necessarily imply endorsement of this product by the USDA.     

On the isolation and cultivation of intracellular symbiotes ofOryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Cucujidae: Coleoptera)

Zusammenfassung Bakterienähnliche Symbionten von Eiern derO. surinamensis sind auf künstlichem Laktose-Nährboden mit Erfolg gezüchtet worden. Die Zuchtformen sehen gleich aus wie die Symbionten der Eier.     

Hormetic concentrations of azadirachtin and isoesterase profiles inTribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Electrophoretic pattern of esterases from larvae ofTribolium castaneum fed on a diet which included hormetic concentrations of azadirachtin (viz. 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 ppm) for 10 d were studied. The results showed a dose-dependent variation in the multiple molecular forms of the esterases. The variations, however, were not limited to the synthesis of new isoforms or the deletion of existing ones; there was also variation in their relative abundance.     

Evolution of exocrine chemical defense in leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Summary In this review we speculate on possible scenarios for the evolution of the very high diversity in chemical compounds liberated by exocrine glands of adults Chrysomelidae. Shift in host plant affinities and subsequent adaptation of the beetles to the plant toxins strongly influence the nature of the beetles' chemical defense.     

Attraction ofScolytus scolytus (F.) to the components of Multilure,the aggregation pheromone ofS. multistriatus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Summary The attraction ofS. scolytus to the components of Multilure is described. 4-Methyl-3-heptanol is an attractant which is synergised bya-cubebene. Multistriatin appears to be an inhibitor. A combination of 4-methyl-3-heptanol and cubeb oil is more effective as a bait forS. scolytus than Multilure.We thank Mr A. K. Hughes and Mr J. Boswell for their cooperation in allowing us to conduct experiments on Parham Estate; Mr D. Mobbs and Mr C. Thorne for the statistical analyses; Dr J. W. Peacock for samples of mixed isomers of multistriatin and distilled cubeb oil; Mrs J. Allsop and Mr N. J. Fielding for technical assistance. We are grateful to Mr D. Bevan, Dr J. H. Borden, Dr J. F. Grove and Prof. A. W. Johnson for their interest and encouragement.     

A queen bee extract (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera) reduces the fecundity ofTenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera)

Summary 3 different doses of crude queen bee extract were administered to pairs of adultTenebrio molitor L.; the extract exerted an inhibitory action on fecundity, but did not induce complete sterility of the females.     

Identification and electroantennographic activity of sex-specific geranyl esters in an abdominal gland of femaleAgriotes obscurus (L.) andA. lineatus (L.) (Coleoptera,Elateridae)

Summary Both geranyl hexanoate and geranyl octanoate were identified by GC/MS as the major volatiles in a hitherto uncharacterized abdominal gland in females inAgriotes obscurus. Only geranyl octanoate was found inA. lineatus. In EAG tests performed onA. obscurus males, geranyl butanoate and geranyl hexanoate elicited the strongest antennal responses.Financial assistance was donated by The Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation and the Axel and Margaret Ax: son Johnson Foundation. We thank B Baur for statistical advice.     

Cardenolide glycosides from the adults and eggs ofChrysolina fuliginosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Besides the known sarmentogenin 3-O--D-allopyranoside (1) and digitoxigenin-3-O-[-D-xylopyranosyl-(14)-2, 3-di-O-acetyl--D-allopyranoside] (4), four new cardiac glycosides (2, 3, 5 and6) have been isolated from the defensive glands of adults ofChrysolina fuliginosa. The structures of the new compounds were determined by¹H NMR at 600 MHz and FABMS. Compounds1–6, present in the adults ofC. fuliginosa, have also been identified in the eggs.     

A chromosome study ofScarites occidentalis (Coleoptera,Caraboidea)

Summary Scarites occidentalis has 2n=41 (females 2n=42), n=19+X₁X₂Y. This multiple sex-chromosome system and other karyotypic characteristics suggest that this species andS. buparius share a recent common ancestor in which the sex trivalent was probably originated.Thanks are due to Dr N. Virkki for his valuable comments and his help with the English, to Dr Ramos and Dr Aparicio for discussion and advice, to Dr F. Hiraldo and M. Mañez for collecting the specimens. This work has been supported by a postdoctoral fellowship of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.     

Identification and seasonal quantification of defensive secretion components ofOreina gloriosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Tyrosine betaine, four new cardenolides (4, 5, 6, and7) and three known cardenolides (2, 3, and8) were isolated from the defensive secretion, of the leaf beetleOreina gloriosa and their chemical structure determined. 16 secretion components of individual beetles were quantified. Secretion composition of field-collected beetles was affected by season, sex and body weight.     

A simple method for in vivo testing of glandular enzymatic activity on potential precursors of larval defensive compounds inPhratora species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelinae)

The presence of glandular -glucosidase and oxidase-specific activities, and the possible role of phenolglucosides and related compounds as precursors for larval defensive compounds, were directly demonstrated by introducing salicin, saligenin and helicin into the defensive glands ofPhratora species.Ph. tibialis andPh. laticollis that normally secrete endogenously-produced iridoid monoterpenes and do not use phenolglucosides from their food sources as precursors, were able to produce salicyladehyde from helicin when the latter was introduced into the defensive glands.     

The intersubgeneric crossing of Chrysocarabus (s. str.) auronitens Fabr. X Chrysocarabus (Chrysotribax) hispanus Fabr. (Coleoptera, Carab.)]

In the limits of the intersubgeneric crossing Chrysocarabus (s. str.) auronitens Fabr. X Chrysocarabus (Chrysotribax) hispanus Fabr., the results change with the subspecies of Cc. auronitens: positive only up to F1, but very little productive with a. festivus Dej. and a. auronitens Fabr., negative with a. subfestivus Oberth. and a. cupreonitens Chevr.     

Methanic fermentation in the digestive tract of a xylophagous insect:Oryctes nasicornis L. larva (Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae)

Summary Strict anaerobic conditions and the production of methane have been demonstrated in the proctodeum in larvae ofOryctes nasicornis L., a xylophagous coleopteran. In ruminants, the breakdown of cellulose by extracellular symbiotic organisms is complete and leads to the formation of by-products which may act as substrates for methanogenic bacteria.     

On the intraganglionic neurohaemal organs in the ventral nerve cord ofHydrophilus olivaceus (Hydrophilidae. Coleoptera)

Zusammenfassung Aufgrund von Lage, Grösse und färberischem Verhalten können in der ventralen Ganglienkette des KäfersHydrophilus olivaceus 3 Typen von neurosekretorischen Zellen (A₁, A₂, B) unterschieden werden. Die Axone der in allen Ganglien vorkommenden A₂-Zellen führen im Suboesophagealganglion und in den Thoracalganglien zu paraldehydfuchsinpositiven Bezirken, aus denen umgekehrt perlschnurartig mit Neurosekreten gefüllte Nervenfasern zu den Lateralnerven führen. Die fuchsinophilen Bezirke werden als intraganglionäre Neurohaemalorgane interpretiert.

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The authors are grateful to Prof.J. P. Thapliyal for facilities and to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi for financial support.