中空氧化锌微球的制备及其乙醇气敏性能的研究

以碳微球为模板,并以ZIF-8作为锌源,成功合成了中空氧化锌微球,同时对合成的中空氧化锌微球进行了粉末X-射线衍射(PXRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)的表征,并将所合成的中空氧化锌微球制备成气敏元件,然后对其进行了气敏性能的测试.结果表明:所合成的中空ZnO微球的物相单一,其直径大约在5~8μm.气敏测试结果也表明:该气敏元件在最佳工作温度下(200℃)对乙醇气体表现出良好的选择性和较高的灵敏度(在w=1×10~(-4)的乙醇气体中,其灵敏度为38).该气敏元件对w=1×10~(-4)的乙醇气体的响应时间和恢复时间分别为20 s和28 s.研究结果证实:所合成的ZnO中空微球具有工作温度低,灵敏度高,选择性好等优点.     

溶剂热法制ZnO纳米棒及其气敏性能

以乙酰丙酮锌为原料,采用溶剂热法首次合成了棒状ZnO纳米粉体,并对该材料在不同工作温度下的气敏性能进行了研究。通过XRD、SEM和TEM等测试手段,表征其物相与结构。该粉体为六方晶系的ZnO纳米棒,直径约为30 nm,长度约为100 nm,结晶良好。通过静态配气法发现:采用N型氧化锌纳米棒所制得的元件在270℃下,对体积分数为5×10-4的乙醇有较好的气敏性能,灵敏度为75,响应时间及恢复时间分别为30、60 s,说明制备的ZnO纳米棒是具有潜力的探测乙醇气体的气敏传感器材料。     

氧化锌／多孔硅复合薄膜气敏传感器对有机气体的监测研究

用电镀法在多孔硅表面沉积ZnO薄膜,制备了氧化锌/多孔硅复合薄膜气敏元件,对元件进行了乙醇、丙酮等五种有机挥发性气体敏感特性的测定。实验结果显示:元件对不同的有机气体的敏感度有差异,这与有机气体的官能团有关系。元件对乙醇、丙酮的敏感性很高,是氧化锌/多孔硅复合薄膜气敏元件对气体分子的物理和化学双重吸附增大了吸附分子的量,还给元件提供了很大的比表面积和气体传输通道。     

In2O3多孔有序薄膜的制备及其对丁酮气敏特性

利用气/液界面自组装法和溶液浸渍转移法制备了单层和双层氧化铟多孔有序气敏薄膜,并对其进行了气敏特性测试,同时利用多物理场耦合进行气敏特性仿真研究.结果表明,制备的气敏薄膜具有规则的孔道结构,孔壁呈现为具有大比表面积的片状结构.基于该气敏材料的气体传感器对丁酮表现出优良的气敏特性,单层In₂O₃多孔有序气体传感器在最佳工作温度350℃的条件下对质量分数为100×10^-6的丁酮的灵敏度为15.37,响应时间仅为4.3s;双层In₂O₃多孔有序气体传感器在最佳工作温度375℃的条件下对质量分数为100×10^-6的丁酮的灵敏度为20.45,响应时间为22.7s.仿真结果与气敏特性测试结果吻合较好.     

SnO2的微乳液法合成及其气敏性能测试

研究了由阴离子表面活性剂组成的微乳液在纳米材料合成中的应用,采用X射线衍射(XRD)检测了产物的晶体结构和粒径分布。结果表明,由十二烷基苯磺酸钠、正庚烷和正丁醇组成的微乳液所制得的SnO2具有四方结构。用该粉体制成厚膜型旁热式气敏元件,测试结果表明,在工作电压为5V时气敏元件对甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、正丙醇等有机溶剂的还原性气体具有很高的灵敏度,特别是对正丙醇有较好的选择性,可以检测空气中浓度低至5ppm的甲醇、乙醇、丙酮和正丙醇蒸气。所有气敏元件呈现随气体种类不同而变化的较好的灵敏度,可望用于制备价廉的对多种气体的浓度进行测定的气敏元件。     

α-Fe_2O_3中空微球的制备及其气敏特性

以Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O为铁源,不同氨基酸作为表面活性剂,通过水热法制备α-Fe_2O_3样品,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)及X射线衍射(XRD)表征样品的形貌,测试其气敏性能.结果表明:不同表面活性剂所得α-Fe_2O_3样品的形貌不同,分别为实心粒子和中空微球,且中空微球由粒子堆积而成;基于中空微球的气体传感器对乙醇具有良好的敏感特性.     

微波水热法制掺铈SnO_2纳米气敏材料及其性能

采用微波水热法制备SnO2纳米粉体,应用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对粉体进行结构表征和微观形貌观察;以所得粉体为原料制备厚膜气敏元件,对其进行气敏性能测试。结果表明:铈离子(Ce3+)的掺杂对SnO2晶粒的生长有抑制作用,掺杂后颗粒粒径约为50 nm;前驱体煅烧温度为700℃时,Ce3+的掺杂可改变SnO2气敏元件对某些气体的灵敏度,当工作温度为370℃时,掺杂x(Ce3+)=5%的气敏元件对乙醇的灵敏度达到20.5,对丙酮的灵敏度达到22,均高于未掺杂Ce3+的气敏传感器的灵敏度;Ce3+的掺杂可以降低厚膜气敏元件的本征电阻,提高其工作稳定性。     

Au/ZnO多孔纳米片及其紫外光照射下的NO_2气敏性能

采用水热法结合后期热处理技术制备了Au/ZnO多孔纳米片,并对其气敏性能进行了详细研究。Au/ZnO样品是由厚度约一二十纳米的多孔纳米片组成;气敏性能测试发现,在紫外光照射下Au/ZnO多孔纳米片结构对NO_2气体具有室温响应,检测限为100ppb。Au/ZnO传感器对100ppb NO_2气体的响应时间是21.5s,恢复时间是7s,灵敏度是1.25。当NO_2气体浓度增加到50ppm时,Au/ZnO传感器的灵敏度增加到138.3,是纯ZnO传感器的2.9倍。分析认为,Au/ZnO优异的室温气敏性能是由于在紫外光照射下材料内部产生光生电子-空穴对以及Au颗粒的催化作用。本论文为高性能、低功耗室温气体传感器的构筑提供了一种简易的方法。     

Ag/ZnO多孔网络结构乙醇气体传感器

采用一步水溶液法在带有银电极的Al_2O_3陶瓷片上合成了ZnO纳米片网络结构.400℃退火30 min后,纳米片变为由纳米颗粒组成的多孔结构,形成ZnO多孔网络结构.利用光还原法成功负载Ag纳米颗粒,合成了Ag/ZnO多孔网络复合结构.利用静态配气法测试ZnO和Ag/ZnO多孔网络结构传感器的气敏性质,两种传感器的最佳工作温度分别为350℃和250℃,对体积分数为50×10~(-6)的乙醇的灵敏度分别为14.0和20.3.结果表明,Ag负载不仅提高了ZnO多孔网络结构传感器的灵敏度,而且降低了传感器的最佳工作温度.     

高分散SnO_2纳米粒子的制备及其气敏性能研究

为了提高n型半导体SnO2气敏材料的性能,以碳微球为载体,制备了高度分散、粒径均匀的SnO2纳米粒子.采用静态配气法对基于该SnO2的气敏元件性能进行了系统测试,结果表明,在工作温度为330℃时,实验所得SnO2气敏元件对乙醇气体呈现出优异的响应灵敏度,性能优于相同测试条件下商用SnO2气敏材料.对5×10-6~200×10-6乙醇气体测试,结果显示,材料灵敏度与气体浓度有一定的依赖关系,灵敏度随着气体浓度的增加呈线性增长.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to