中空氧化锌微球的制备及其乙醇气敏性能的研究

以碳微球为模板,并以ZIF-8作为锌源,成功合成了中空氧化锌微球,同时对合成的中空氧化锌微球进行了粉末X-射线衍射(PXRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)的表征,并将所合成的中空氧化锌微球制备成气敏元件,然后对其进行了气敏性能的测试.结果表明:所合成的中空ZnO微球的物相单一,其直径大约在5~8μm.气敏测试结果也表明:该气敏元件在最佳工作温度下(200℃)对乙醇气体表现出良好的选择性和较高的灵敏度(在w=1×10~(-4)的乙醇气体中,其灵敏度为38).该气敏元件对w=1×10~(-4)的乙醇气体的响应时间和恢复时间分别为20 s和28 s.研究结果证实:所合成的ZnO中空微球具有工作温度低,灵敏度高,选择性好等优点.     

溶剂热法制ZnO纳米棒及其气敏性能

以乙酰丙酮锌为原料,采用溶剂热法首次合成了棒状ZnO纳米粉体,并对该材料在不同工作温度下的气敏性能进行了研究。通过XRD、SEM和TEM等测试手段,表征其物相与结构。该粉体为六方晶系的ZnO纳米棒,直径约为30 nm,长度约为100 nm,结晶良好。通过静态配气法发现:采用N型氧化锌纳米棒所制得的元件在270℃下,对体积分数为5×10-4的乙醇有较好的气敏性能,灵敏度为75,响应时间及恢复时间分别为30、60 s,说明制备的ZnO纳米棒是具有潜力的探测乙醇气体的气敏传感器材料。     

氧化锌／多孔硅复合薄膜气敏传感器对有机气体的监测研究

用电镀法在多孔硅表面沉积ZnO薄膜,制备了氧化锌/多孔硅复合薄膜气敏元件,对元件进行了乙醇、丙酮等五种有机挥发性气体敏感特性的测定。实验结果显示:元件对不同的有机气体的敏感度有差异,这与有机气体的官能团有关系。元件对乙醇、丙酮的敏感性很高,是氧化锌/多孔硅复合薄膜气敏元件对气体分子的物理和化学双重吸附增大了吸附分子的量,还给元件提供了很大的比表面积和气体传输通道。     

In2O3多孔有序薄膜的制备及其对丁酮气敏特性

利用气/液界面自组装法和溶液浸渍转移法制备了单层和双层氧化铟多孔有序气敏薄膜,并对其进行了气敏特性测试,同时利用多物理场耦合进行气敏特性仿真研究.结果表明,制备的气敏薄膜具有规则的孔道结构,孔壁呈现为具有大比表面积的片状结构.基于该气敏材料的气体传感器对丁酮表现出优良的气敏特性,单层In₂O₃多孔有序气体传感器在最佳工作温度350℃的条件下对质量分数为100×10^-6的丁酮的灵敏度为15.37,响应时间仅为4.3s;双层In₂O₃多孔有序气体传感器在最佳工作温度375℃的条件下对质量分数为100×10^-6的丁酮的灵敏度为20.45,响应时间为22.7s.仿真结果与气敏特性测试结果吻合较好.     

SnO2的微乳液法合成及其气敏性能测试

研究了由阴离子表面活性剂组成的微乳液在纳米材料合成中的应用,采用X射线衍射(XRD)检测了产物的晶体结构和粒径分布。结果表明,由十二烷基苯磺酸钠、正庚烷和正丁醇组成的微乳液所制得的SnO2具有四方结构。用该粉体制成厚膜型旁热式气敏元件,测试结果表明,在工作电压为5V时气敏元件对甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、正丙醇等有机溶剂的还原性气体具有很高的灵敏度,特别是对正丙醇有较好的选择性,可以检测空气中浓度低至5ppm的甲醇、乙醇、丙酮和正丙醇蒸气。所有气敏元件呈现随气体种类不同而变化的较好的灵敏度,可望用于制备价廉的对多种气体的浓度进行测定的气敏元件。     

WO3丙酮传感器及其多传感器融合技术的研究

高浓度丙酮会刺激黏膜和引起中毒,在医疗健康领域丙酮也可作为呼出气体标记物。为实现对丙酮气体的有效检测,利用WO₃纳米材料制备旁热式气敏传感器,系统测试该传感器的基本特性,并在此基础上与SnO₂传感器组成双气敏传感器阵列,结合反向传播神经网络方法对丙酮混合气体进行识别。在体积浓度10^-5丙酮气体测试中,WO₃丙酮传感器的响应值达到9.3,响应与恢复时间均为4 s,重复性误差小于10^-8;双气敏传感器阵列对混合气体中丙酮和乙醇的识别误差小于10^-8。结果表明,制备的WO₃传感器响应灵敏度、稳定性、选择性、瞬态响应等特性良好,采用多传感器融合技术可以实现混合气体的有效识别。     

α-Fe_2O_3中空微球的制备及其气敏特性

以Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O为铁源,不同氨基酸作为表面活性剂,通过水热法制备α-Fe_2O_3样品,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)及X射线衍射(XRD)表征样品的形貌,测试其气敏性能.结果表明:不同表面活性剂所得α-Fe_2O_3样品的形貌不同,分别为实心粒子和中空微球,且中空微球由粒子堆积而成;基于中空微球的气体传感器对乙醇具有良好的敏感特性.     

微波水热法制掺铈SnO_2纳米气敏材料及其性能

采用微波水热法制备SnO2纳米粉体,应用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对粉体进行结构表征和微观形貌观察;以所得粉体为原料制备厚膜气敏元件,对其进行气敏性能测试。结果表明:铈离子(Ce3+)的掺杂对SnO2晶粒的生长有抑制作用,掺杂后颗粒粒径约为50 nm;前驱体煅烧温度为700℃时,Ce3+的掺杂可改变SnO2气敏元件对某些气体的灵敏度,当工作温度为370℃时,掺杂x(Ce3+)=5%的气敏元件对乙醇的灵敏度达到20.5,对丙酮的灵敏度达到22,均高于未掺杂Ce3+的气敏传感器的灵敏度;Ce3+的掺杂可以降低厚膜气敏元件的本征电阻,提高其工作稳定性。     

Au/ZnO多孔纳米片及其紫外光照射下的NO_2气敏性能

采用水热法结合后期热处理技术制备了Au/ZnO多孔纳米片,并对其气敏性能进行了详细研究。Au/ZnO样品是由厚度约一二十纳米的多孔纳米片组成;气敏性能测试发现,在紫外光照射下Au/ZnO多孔纳米片结构对NO_2气体具有室温响应,检测限为100ppb。Au/ZnO传感器对100ppb NO_2气体的响应时间是21.5s,恢复时间是7s,灵敏度是1.25。当NO_2气体浓度增加到50ppm时,Au/ZnO传感器的灵敏度增加到138.3,是纯ZnO传感器的2.9倍。分析认为,Au/ZnO优异的室温气敏性能是由于在紫外光照射下材料内部产生光生电子-空穴对以及Au颗粒的催化作用。本论文为高性能、低功耗室温气体传感器的构筑提供了一种简易的方法。     

Ag/ZnO多孔网络结构乙醇气体传感器

采用一步水溶液法在带有银电极的Al_2O_3陶瓷片上合成了ZnO纳米片网络结构.400℃退火30 min后,纳米片变为由纳米颗粒组成的多孔结构,形成ZnO多孔网络结构.利用光还原法成功负载Ag纳米颗粒,合成了Ag/ZnO多孔网络复合结构.利用静态配气法测试ZnO和Ag/ZnO多孔网络结构传感器的气敏性质,两种传感器的最佳工作温度分别为350℃和250℃,对体积分数为50×10~(-6)的乙醇的灵敏度分别为14.0和20.3.结果表明,Ag负载不仅提高了ZnO多孔网络结构传感器的灵敏度,而且降低了传感器的最佳工作温度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the