热变形对超高强度管线钢组织及变形抗力的影响

运用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对不同热变形条件下组织、析出相进行观察与分析.研究结果表明:在1020℃奥氏体再结晶区轧制时,Nb,Ti以复相形式诱导析出,对组织细化产生一定影响.在保证积累压下量不变的情况下,奥氏体未再结晶区采用大压下量、少道次的轧制工艺对热变形奥氏体晶粒尺寸影响不大,对晶内变形带、亚结构和最终组织形貌及尺寸起到一定的作用.同时分析了再结晶轧制温度及未再结晶区轧制规程对变形抗力的影响     

形变量和冷却速度对低碳微合金管线钢晶粒细化的影响

以管线钢X52为研究对象,在Gleeble1500热模拟机上,主要进行了在奥氏体未再结晶区不同形变量和冷却速度对X52的相变行为及显微组织影响的研究·通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜分析技术可以发现,随形变量和冷却速度的增加,晶粒明显变细·实验结果表明,在奥氏体未再结晶区轧制可以大大地增加铁素体的形核位置,使晶粒细化;同时冷却速度的增大,使铁素体的形核驱动力加大,形核率增加,也使晶粒明显细化·另外,与低碳钢不同的是,在铁素体晶粒边界和铁素体晶粒内部可以观察到有第二相的析出,在奥氏体未再结晶区轧制时,第二相的析出可以抑制再结晶,并且,析出物的存在不仅阻碍位错的运...     

余热处理含Nb钢筋中Nb的作用

采用热模拟、透射电镜、电解萃取相分析及电子衍射等手段对余热处理含Nb钢筋中Nb的作用进行了考查。发现经余热处理的含Nb钢筋中,微量Nb的2/3以Nb(C,N)的形式存在,其余为固溶态。固溶于奥氏体和由奥氏体析出的Nb(C,N),强烈阻止了形变奥氏体的再结晶,从而细化了形变奥氏体及相变后的组织,由铁素体或从相界析出的极细Nb(C,N)发挥了析出强化作用。细晶强化及析出强化的共同作用减少了焊区强度降。     

送装工艺对板坯再加热过程奥氏体晶粒细化的影响

连铸坯下线至加热炉的温度制度及其表层组织演变与热送或粗轧裂纹密切相关.基于热模拟实验分析了送装工艺对奥氏体转变特征和再加热晶粒尺寸的影响.高温共聚焦激光扫描显微镜原位观察表明,含Nb J55钢在双相区700℃热装时,组织为晶界膜状先共析铁素体、魏氏体和大量残留奥氏体,再加热至1200℃,奥氏体晶粒大小、位置都不变;单相区600℃温装时,组织为大量铁素体+珠光体,再加热至1200℃时,奥氏体晶粒明显细化.马弗炉模拟SS400钢双相区不同热装温度发现,铁素体转变量至少达70%时才可细化再加热后的奥氏体晶粒.在临界转变量以上,基体中铁素体转变量越多晶粒细化程度越明显.     

ZrC粒子对低碳钢晶粒细化及力学性能的影响

在低碳低合金钢熔炼过程中加入平均粒径为0.5 μm,体积分数为0.8%的ZrC粒子,研究了不同轧制变形量条件下的晶粒细化行为及力学性能.轧制变形过程中在ZrC粒子周围形成高位错密度和高晶格畸变区,成为形变核心和再结晶核心,促进了高温奥氏体非自发再结晶细化奥氏体晶粒;由于奥氏体晶粒尺寸细化,奥氏体晶界面积增大,随后进行的铁素体相变的铁素体形核位置增多,从而大大细化了铁素体晶粒尺寸;轧制变形量与ZrC粒子体积分数存在一定的最佳配合才能对晶粒细化有作用.本实验中轧制变形量为62%,ZrC粒子体积分数0.8%以及轧后水冷条件下,铁素体晶粒尺寸细化到9.8 μm,屈服强度和抗拉强度明显提高,分别达到386.4 MPa和522.1 MPa;同时冲击吸收功(AKV=118.5 J)不降低且延伸率(δ5=34.5%)有所提高,说明添加ZrC粒子可促进晶粒细化.     

铌钒钛与含钛高强钢的高温变形行为

在Gleeble 2000热模拟实验机及D450实验轧机上进行不同参数的单道次压缩及多道次淬火实验.研究表明,对铌钒钛高强钢,微合金元素铌、钒、钛的碳氮化物能有效抑制奥氏体的高温软化行为,经过6道次变形的奥氏体晶粒细化到8μm左右,其控轧工艺为未再结晶区的控制轧制.对含钛高强钢,微合金元素钛表现出相对较弱的抑制奥氏体再结晶效果,经过6道次变形后的奥氏体晶粒细化到11μm左右,其控轧工艺为再结晶区控制轧制.     

含钒0.2C-0.5Si-0.08P-Mn TRIP钢连续冷却过程中的相变行为

通过热模拟实验研究了含钒0.19%的0.2C-0.5Si-0.08P-Mn TRIP钢连续冷却过程中的相变行为.实验结果表明:奥氏体未再结晶区进行50%的大变形,使随后连续冷却过程中的铁素体开始相变温度Ar3提高42～58℃;相同冷却速度下,尤其是当冷速小于20℃/s时,变形促进铁素体的形成,而使贝氏体形核率降低;钒的氮化物和碳化物在铁素体晶粒和晶界处弥散析出,无论变形或未变形条件下,冷速0.5℃/s时,析出粒子尺寸在2～5nm范围内,只有极少量尺寸约为～20nm的较大析出粒子.     

变形量及N含量对油井管用中碳V-Ti-N微合金钢显微组织的影响

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机,研究了某油井管生产工艺中张力减径过程变形量以及C和N含量对中碳V-Ti-N微合金非调质钢室温组织的影响.结果表明:HCLN钢在800℃变形量为20%、40%和60%时,对应的室温组织中铁素体的体积分数依次为17.2%、19.7%和29.9%.N质量分数为2.3×10-4时,800℃变形60%后控冷钢中铁素体的体积分数为含低N(1.1×10-4)钢的1.7倍左右,使含C0.34%的钢中铁素体含量接近于含C0.26%的钢,并使铁素体平均晶粒尺寸降低到3μm左右.变形量和钢中N含量二者增大均有利于增加钢中铁素体的数量,且二者综合运用的效果更有效.通过分析可知,800℃变形量的增大,可以提高未再结晶奥氏体晶粒内的缺陷密度,有利于过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变时为晶内铁素体形核提供更多的形核位置.N含量的增大,能够促进第二相析出物的析出,诱导晶内铁素体的析出,提高铁素体含量,并细化其晶粒尺寸.     

Nb对低碳微合金钢连续冷却相变行为的影响

结合膨胀法和金相观察绘制了无Nb和添加质量分数0042%Nb的实验钢的动态CCT曲线,阐明了Nb对低碳微合金钢相变行为和相变组织的影响规律.结果表明,添加Nb可显著细化铁素体晶粒,抑制铁素体形成,促进贝氏体形成,使CCT曲线移向右下方,缩小铁素体和珠光体相变区,显著扩大贝氏体相变区.此外,添加Nb可显著增强细晶强化、析出强化和相变强化效果,使实验钢维氏硬度显著提高.     

低碳微量铌钢过冷奥氏体形变过程中的碳氮化物析出

利用透射电镜研究了低碳微量铌钢过冷奥氏体形变过程中的碳氮化物析出,运用Gladman晶粒粗化机制讨论了析出相颗粒的平均直径、体积分数和铁素体晶粒尺寸的关系.实验结果表明:实验用钢中的微量Nb在1 200℃时完全固溶,并在760℃变形前的冷却过程中无Nb(CN)析出.在形变过程中Nb(CN)的析出同样需要孕育期,但与等温过程相比大大提前.当变形量积累到一定值(本实验条件下ε=0.69)时,大量动态析出的Nb(CN)颗粒弥散分布在晶界以及位错线上.Nb(CN)析出随着应变量的增加而增加,但颗粒长大不明显,计算得到的铁素体晶粒平均截径与实际测得的铁素体晶粒吻合得较好.     

热模拟平面应变条件下的热轧织构研究

以微合金钢为材料,采用光学显微镜和EBSD,研究热模拟平面应变实验条件下再结晶奥氏体和变形奥氏体的织构演变.研究发现,在热模拟平面应变实验的压缩过程中,试样的两个自由端限制了变形区金属的宽向流动,达到了很好的平面应变状态.对于再结晶奥氏体相变工艺,由于相变前奥氏体发生再结晶,无畸变保留,奥氏体分解为仿晶界铁素体、贝氏体和少量的珠光体,织构为{100}011α;对于变形奥氏体相变工艺,未再结晶区的变形促进了铁素体相变,使奥氏体分解为铁素体和珠光体组织,织构为{332}113α和{113}110α.此两种工艺条件下的织构,皆为平面应变条件下的奥氏体相变织构,即热模拟平面应变实验可以达到很好的平面应变状态,可用于研究热轧过程的织构演变.     

含Nb船板钢再结晶行为及控轧工艺研究

在Φ450轧机上对含Nb船板钢进行阶梯轧制,研究不同变形温度和变形量下高温奥氏体再结晶行为,绘制出奥氏体形变再结晶区域图,根据再结晶区域图进行热轧实验,通过两种不同的控轧工艺实验对比,寻求力学性能稳定的含Nb船板钢控轧工艺。结果表明,变形温度为1000℃,20%的变形量可发生奥氏体再结晶;变形温度为900℃,低于30%的变形量不发生奥氏体再结晶,变形量增大至40%～50%,发生部分奥氏体再结晶;变形温度为850℃,50%的变形量也不发生奥氏体再结晶。终轧温度提高至910℃,利用超快速冷却技术,合理控制精轧阶段的变形量,可使含Nb船板钢获得与低温终轧条件相当的力学性能。     

Recrystallization behavior of Ti40 burn-resistant titanium alloy during hot working process

The recrystallization behavior of deformed Ti40 alloy during a heat-treatment process was studied using electron backscatter diffraction and optical microscopy. The results show that the microstructural evolution of Ti40 alloy is controlled by the growth behavior of grain-boundary small grains during the heating process. These small grains at the grain boundaries mostly originate during the forging process because of the alloy’s inhomogeneous deformation. During forging, the deformation first occurs in the grain-boundary region. New small recrystallized grains are separated from the parent grains when the orientation between deformation zones and parent grains exceeds a certain threshold. During the heating process, the growth of these small recrystallized grains results in a uniform grain size and a decrease in the average grain size. The special recrystallization behavior of Ti40 alloy is mainly a consequence of the alloy’s high β-stabilized elemental content and high solution strength of the β-grains, which partially explains the poor hot working ability of Ti–V–Cr-type burn-resistant titanium alloys. Notably, this study on Ti40 burn-resistant titanium alloy yields important information related to the optimization of the microstructures and mechanical properties.     

Hot deformation mechanism and microstructure evolution of an ultra-high nitrogen austenitic steel containing Nb and V

The flow curves of an ultra-high nitrogen austenitic steel containing niobium (Nb) and vanadium (V) were obtained by hot compression deformation at temperatures ranging from 1000℃ to 1200℃ and strain rates ranging from 0.001 s-1 to 10 s-1. The mechanical behavior during hot deformation was discussed on the basis of flow curves and hot processing maps. The microstructures were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. The relationship between deformation conditions and grain size after dynamic recrystallization was obtained. The results show that the flow stress and peak strain both increase with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate. The hot deformation activation energy is approximately 631 kJ/mol, and a hot deformation equation is proposed. (Nb,V)N precipitates with either round, square, or irregular shapes are observed at the grain boundaries and in the matrix after deformation. According to the discussion, the hot working should be processed in the temperature range of 1050℃ to 1150℃ and in the strain rate range of 0.01 to 1 s-1.     

Phase stability in an austenitic Fe-Cr-Mn (W,V) alloy

By means of deformation and long term aging, the stability and phase equilibrim characteristic of the C+N synthetically strengthening austenitic Fe-Cr-Mn (W,V) alloy were investigated. Experimental results indicate that the austenitic alloy remains stability and no γ→α transformation occurs under 500℃. Synthetic addition of C and N causes the grains to refine and powerfully retards formation of ε martensite and precipitation of σ phase. M_s point is elevated with long term aging at elevated temperature (500-700℃) due to a large number of strain induced carbides precipitate. Along with accelerated decomposition of strain induced α' martensite and occurrence of recrystallization, γ→α transformation and σ phase precipitation are promoted so that austenite becomes unstable.     

Mechanism of hot-rolling crack formation in lean duplex stainless steel 2101

The thermoplasticity of duplex stainless steel 2205 (DSS2205) is better than that of lean duplex steel 2101 (LDX2101), which undergoes severe cracking during hot rolling. The microstructure, microhardness, phase ratio, and recrystallization dependence of the deformation compatibility of LDX2101 and DSS2205 were investigated using optical microscopy (OM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), Thermo-Calc software, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the phase-ratio transformations of LDX2101 and DSS2205 were almost equal under the condition of increasing solution temperature. Thus, the phase transformation was not the main cause for the hot plasticity difference of these two steels. The grain size of LDX2101 was substantially greater than that of DSS2205, and the microhardness difference of LDX2101 was larger than that of DSS2205. This difference hinders the transfer of strain from ferrite to austenite. In the rolling process, the ferrite grains of LDX2101 underwent continuous softening and were substantially refined. However, although little recrystallization occurred at the boundaries of austenite, serious deformation accumulated in the interior of austenite, leading to a substantial increase in hardness. The main cause of crack formation is the microhardness difference between ferrite and austenite.     

工艺参数对低铝钛GH600合金显微组织及析出相的影响

利用Gleeble3800热模拟实验机,对低铝钛GH600合金进行热压缩实验;利用金相显微镜研究工艺参数对显微组织演变规律的影响;利用透射电镜及能谱观察分析析出相、位错等微观结构。结果表明:提高变形量可以得到细晶组织,改善合金的使用性能,并且在大变形量下,动态再结晶容易进行,软化效果得到提高,在一定程度上改善合金的加工性能。当变形温度升高时,再结晶比例得到很大的提高,合金动态再结晶体积分数增大,位错密度降低,使加工容易进行。但当变形温度过高时,再结晶组织会出现粗化现象。低铝钛GH600合金的优选热加工工艺参数为:温度1 100~1 150℃,变形量60%。在这种工艺条件下,合金中的再结晶程度最高,再结晶晶粒没有出现粗化现象,并且析出相的成分、尺寸也为理想状态。     

Fe--36 Ni因瓦合金的热塑性

采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机研究Fe-36Ni合金在900~1200℃的热塑性行为,并用FactSage软件、扫描电镜及透射电镜等研究该合金热塑性的影响因素及作用机理.结果表明：合金中主要形成Al2 O3+Ti3 O5+MnS复合夹杂,夹杂物颗粒尺寸集中分布在0.5μm以下.合金热塑性在900~1050℃受晶界滑移及动态再结晶共同影响.晶界上分布的纳米级别(<200 nm)夹杂物有效钉扎晶界,抑制动态再结晶发生的同时减小晶界结合力.微米级别(>200 nm)夹杂物则促进显微裂纹在晶界滑移过程中的形成和扩展,损害合金热塑性.当温度高于1050℃时,较高的变形温度使再结晶驱动力大于钉扎作用力,合金发生动态再结晶,有效提高热塑性.在1100~1200℃区间内,枝晶间裂纹的形成、晶界滑移的加剧及动态再结晶晶粒尺寸增大都降低合金热塑性.