具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

泥页岩对不同赋存状态页岩气的容烃能力定量表征—以伊通盆地双阳组为例*

由于页岩气在泥页岩储层中以多种方式赋存,在开展页岩气资源评价时,需定量表征泥页岩对不同赋存状态页岩气的容烃能力。基于泥页岩等温吸附试验,评价不同丰度、不同成熟度泥页岩的吸附气能力;并通过温、压校正转换至任一温度、任一压力下泥页岩的吸附气能力。借助Vasquez-Beggs模型,评价地质条件下油溶气能力,分析页岩气中不同赋存状态下页岩气含量的比例关系,推算出游离气量。研究表明,在压力达到一定后,泥页岩最大吸附能力主要受到有机质含量的制约;而油溶气量除了受到温、压和原油数量的影响外,气在原油中的溶解度同样至关重要。从伊通盆地评价结果来看,双阳组页岩气最多可达到5 703.74亿m3,其中主要吸附态赋存于泥页岩储层中,其次为游离态页岩气,油溶气量较少,仅为165.54亿m3。     

阜新王营井田浅成气的成藏与岩浆活动

王营井田是产气率较低，裂隙又很不发育的长焰煤井田，但该井田却很有成为很具有开发价值的煤成气田。本文从该井田的地质特征－成煤期后有剧烈的岩浆活动这一现象出发，依据井下瓦斯突出及矿井抽放瓦斯的实际资料，同时运用煤成气的生成、储藏、运移理论，科学分析了该井田能产出大量煤成气的原因－即岩墙、岩床不但提高了长焰煤的产气率，而且也造就了煤成气的储运场所和运移通道。从而得出了岩浆活动是促成浅产质煤能成为可资开发的煤成气田的重要因素这一结论。     

中国天然气资源研究

在大量统计数据的基础上,对中国天然气资源从类型、富集程度、分布特征等方面进行了研究。首先,中国常规天然气储量探明史可大致分为4个阶段,储量增长上了3个台阶,集中分布于六大盆地;其次,常规天然气资源,主要分布在中部、西北部和海域,其特点为:时代分布老、丰度低、探明程度低、潜力大;第三,中国煤层气资源量,主要富集在东部、中部和西北部;第四,致密砂岩气有一般致密砂岩气和深盆气两种赋存形式,中国许多盆地具备形成深盆气的条件,也有较大的资源潜力;第五,中国海域的南海和东海,陆地的青藏高原和东北北部可能富含天然气水合物;第六,中国众多含油气盆地的地层水,蕴藏着十分丰富的水溶气资源;最后,泥页岩气、深源气、二氧化碳气和硫化氢气也是不可忽视的资源,具有较大的资源潜力。     

注气速度对空气泡沫防气窜性能影响的实验研究

通过岩心渗流物模实验,采用气液同注方式,对不同注气速度条件下空气泡沫防气窜能力进行了实验研究。实验测量了岩心两端注入压差随注气速度增长的变化值,对比了含聚泡沫和无聚泡沫防气窜能力,得出在注气速度一定的情况下,含聚泡沫的注入压差明显高于无聚泡沫,且含聚泡沫能在更高的注气速度条件下防气窜,并且界定了气窜发生的临界注气速度。     

中岭煤矿瓦斯地质特征分析

介绍了中岭矿瓦斯基本参数，分析了影响瓦斯运移、排放和赋存的地质因素，以便掌握瓦斯赋存规律，为瓦斯预测提供依据。     

赵官煤矿矿井瓦斯基本参数测试与分析

应用理论分析和现场实测方法,探讨了赵官煤矿主采煤层瓦斯压力、钻孔瓦斯流量、煤层瓦斯含量和煤层透气性系数等参数,为研究煤层瓦斯的流动规律、煤层瓦斯抽放提供了科学依据,对赵官煤矿矿井瓦斯综合治理具有重要的指导意义。     

煤层瓦斯含量及煤与瓦斯突出机理探讨

本文以实验为基础,研究了气体的吸附性和瓦斯含量间的关系,煤质和瓦斯含量间的关系,煤的孔隙率和瓦斯含量间的关系,以及突出煤层和非突出煤层瓦斯含量间的差别,并在此基础上探讨了煤和瓦斯突出机理.     

量子理想气体热力学性质的普遍性讨论

本文讨论由能谱关系为ε=αp~δ的粒子组成的n维理想气体的热力学性质,并引入广义积分Ⅰ(z,ξ;a),将非相对论性和极端相对论性的玻耳兹曼气体、费米气体和玻色气体的性质进行统一的论证分析。     

综采工作面瓦斯治理分析

分析了综采工作面瓦斯涌出的特征和在各种通风系统下瓦斯涌出情况，提出了改进工作面通风系统和瓦斯抽放两种综采工作面瓦斯治理技术方案。     

气驱过程中气窜问题的室内研究与探讨

气驱实验是注气提高采收率研究的基础,物理模拟实验过程中气窜问题是影响气驱实验研究的重要因素之一,如何有效预防气窜和发生气窜后采取正确的处理手段对气驱室内研究尤其重要。文中较为系统地分析了气窜问题带来的危害,从机理研究和现场应用相结合的方法入手,对气窜压力的测定、影响因素、防气窜机理和防气窜方法进行了深入的研究,并结合室内现有条件对气窜问题进行系统的分析与探讨,论述了如何对气驱室内研究过程中气窜的问题进行控制,并提出合理的意见和建议。