In vitro bioactivity and cytocompatibility of porous scaffolds of bioactive borosilicate glasses

The bioactive borosilicate scaffolds （R2O-RO-B2O3-SiO2-P2O5） with four different contents of borate were fabricated by replication technique. The bioactivity, degradability and the cytotoxicity of the scaffolds were studied in this paper. The porosity of the scaffolds was found to be 73%-80%, and the pore size was in the range of 200-300 μm. The porous scaffolds immersed in 0.02 mol.L^-1 K2HPO4 solution were transformed into hydroxyapatite. And it is notable that the D-AIk-2B, D-AIk-3B-scaffolds were covered by hydroxyapatite layers after 7 h-immersion, which proved their high bioactivity. In the cell adhesion test, cells could be seen growing well on the scaffolds, showing stretched morphology and obvious pseudopodia, and only the high cumulative concentration of B ions released from the D-AIk-3B-scaffold samples had an inhibition effect on cell proliferation. But the inhibition effect could be alleviated by diluting the extract solution to a certain concentration （dilution ratio： 1：8）. Therefore, after suitable pretreatment, the porous borosilicate bioactive glass scaffold can be a desirable candidate for bone tissue engineering.     

可加工生物活性云母/氟磷灰石玻璃陶瓷的制备及生物活性

采用高温熔铸法制备可加工生物活性云母／氟磷灰石玻璃陶瓷；用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM／EDS）和傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱分析等手段对材料的相组成和微观形貌进行研究，测定材料的抗弯强度、硬度和断裂韧性等力学性能;采用体外模拟体液（SBF）浸泡法测试材料的生物活性。研究结果表明：氟磷灰石相呈针状，与人体骨和牙齿的磷灰石形貌相似，有利于提高材料的生物活性和生物相容性；氟磷灰石的形成是材料被迅速加热至高温进行熬处理，使磷灰石以螺旋位错生长机制沿c轴晶化长大所致；经热处理获得的材料具有优良的力学性能，基本满足骨科和齿科用生物材料的性能要求；材料在体外模拟体液中浸泡3d后，样品表面已有磷灰石层生成，表明谊材料具有较高的生物活性。     

3D printed titanium scaffolds with ordered TiO2 nanotubular surface and mesoporous bioactive glass for bone repair

Titanium alloy scaffolds have recently gained substantial interest for the treatment of critical-size bone defect, particularly along with the maturity of the 3D printing technology that is capable of turning scaffold design ideas into real implants. As titanium alloys lack surface osteogenic activity, for improved biological performance of such scaffolds, surface modification is necessary. Various coating materials and coating methods have been explored. In this study, we developed a unique surface modification method to provide the surface of 3D printed titanium scaffolds with nano-sized structure and bioactive agent. Uniform, ordered TiO₂ nanotube arrays were formed by applying two-step anodization, and then mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) was loaded into nanotubes. The results of in vitro immersion testing showed that bioactive ions, i.e., Si and Ca ions, could be steadily and continuously released from MBG into basal medium. The assessment of the responses of hBMSCs confirmed that the surface-modified scaffolds supported the adhesion and proliferation of hBMSCs, indicating good surface cytocompatibility. The developed method of combining surface nanostructure and bioactive agent could be used as a new strategy to improve the osteogenic activity of 3D printed titanium alloy scaffolds.     

Formation and biocorrosion behavior of Zr-Al-Co-Nb bulk metallic glasses

Ni-and Cu-free Zr-Al-Co-Nb glassy alloys with different Nb and Co contents were synthesized by melt spinning and copper mold casting.The effects of Nb addition to partially replace Co in the Zr55Al20Co25 glassy alloy on the glass-forming ability,thermal properties,in-vitro biocorrosion behavior and surface wettability of the metallic glasses were investigated.Although addition of Nb up to 5 at.% slightly decreased the supercooled liquid region and the glass-forming ability(GFA),the alloys could be casted in a bulk glassy rod form with diameters up to 3mm.The Zr-Al-Co-Nb glassy alloys were spontaneously passivated with low passive current densities in phosphate buffered saline and Hanks’ solution.Substitution of "toxic" Co by Nb is effective in improved the corrosion resistance of the Zr-Al-Co glassy alloy.Water contact angle measurements showed that Nb addition increased the hydrophilicity of the glassy alloys,which may enhance cell adhesion of the alloys in biomedical applications.     

Fabrication and characterization of a PAM modified PHBV/BG scaffold

In order to improve the bioactivity and mechanical strength of the scaffold used in bone repair simultaneously, a novel porous PAM-poly （β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate） （PHBV）/bioactive glass （BG） scaffold was prepared by photo-initiated polymerization. PAM was used to improve the hydrophilicity of PHBV matrix while the BG particles were added to increase the bioactivity and strength of the matrix synchronously. The grafted amide group and Si-O moieties from acrylamide and the added BG were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry （FTIR）. The micromorphology of the scaffolds before and after grafting was observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The resulting images demonstrate that the PAM-PHBV/BG scaffold has a well connected pore structure and appropriate pore size which may be convenient for cells to grow and discharge metabolites. The specific gravity method was used to evaluate the pore property of the scaffold and the result shows that the scaffold has an average porosity up to 82.0%. Mercury intrusion porosimetry （MIP） indicated that the pores of PAM-PHBV/BG scaffold were mainly distributed between 75 and 150 μm. The compressive strength test was adopted to evaluate the mechanical property of the scaffold. The result shows that the PAM-PHBV/BG scaffold has a relatively high compressive strength （0.91 MPa） when compared with the pure PHBV scaffold. Besides, the properties of the pure PHBV scaffold, PHBV/BG scaffold were also evaluated. The newly prepared PAM-PHBV/BG scaffold may be worthy of further studying as a bone repair material.     

可控多足ZnO纳米结构阵列的制备、表征及发光研究

以Zn片和H2O为前驱反应物,采用水热法在Zn片上直接腐蚀制得多足状ZnO纳米结构阵列.使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜对样品结构和形貌进行表征.PL谱测试研究表明多足ZnO纳米结构阵列具有两个发射峰位,分别为379、563 nm,其中紫外发射峰位379 nm占主导地位.     

石油降解菌的分离鉴定及降解能力初步研究

以原油为唯一碳源的培养基,从苏北某油田油污土壤中分离出14株石油降解菌,其中石油降解率达到40%以上的有两株,定名为YJ003和YJ004;对YJ003和YJ004进行降解条件优化,其适宜生长条件为:温度33℃,pH7.2,原油投加量为90μL。根据形态学观察、生理生化指标测定,YJ003为假单胞菌属,YJ004为邻单胞菌属。     

铽离子掺杂铝硅酸盐氧氟玻璃的制备及其荧光性能

采用传统熔融法制备了Tb3+掺杂的铝硅酸盐氧氟玻璃样品.应用X线衍射仪、差示扫描量热仪、紫外可见分光光度计和荧光光谱仪对样品进行分析和表征.研究结果表明:Tb3+掺杂的铝硅酸盐氧氟玻璃热稳定性较好,不易析晶;紫外吸收截止波长为320～330nm,具有较好的透光性能;在紫外光的激发下,Tb3+主要产生蓝色和较强的绿色荧光;随着Tb3+浓度的增加,Tb3+间发生共振能量转移,增强了绿色荧光发射.     

钡钛酸盐玻璃的形成、性质和结构

本文目的在于研制高二氧化钛含量玻璃。当二氧化钛与氧化钡含量达80%时(其中TiO_2含量为30—60%),可以形成稳定的玻璃。这种玻璃具有高折射率(~nD>2.1)与良好的化学稳定性。文中还对高钛玻璃的着色进行了研究,认为主要由于熔制过程中失氧所引起。因此,可以通过熔制条件的控制、热处理等途径大大减轻玻璃的着色,从而能提高玻璃的反射率。通过红外光谱与X-射线谱对玻璃中的Ti~(4 )离子的配位状态作了分析,证明Ti~(4 )离子处于[TiO_(?)]状态。电镜观察确定,高钛酸盐玻璃在T_g以上一定温度热处理时,首先产生分相,然后体积晶化。对所析出的晶相也进行了研究,证实一般由钛酸钡为主的钛酸盐所组成。根据研究结果,提出了钡钛酸盐玻璃的结构示意图。     

海洋微藻分类生态及生物活性物质研究

海洋微藻是海洋中的主要初级生产者,它们的盛衰直接或间接地影响着整个海洋生态系的生产力,因此,与渔业资源、水产养殖、环保、地质等密切相关;海洋微藻的分类和生态研究是海洋生态系统结构和功能研究的基础。另一方面,近年来,随着陆地资源的衰竭和环境问题的日益突出,海洋微藻资源成了人们关注的热点,尤其是利用现代生物技术开发利用微藻资源及微藻与环境的关系问题等方面研究得到了科学家和各国政府的高度重视。我国海洋微灌资源丰富,过去对海洋微藻的分类学和生态学研究已取得一定成果,这些成果的应用和开拓新的研究课题是目前海洋微藻研究的2个重要方向。厦门大学在海洋硅藻研究方面的成果一直处于国内领先水平。近年来,在分类生态基础上,不断开展新的研究,在海洋微藻分类学和生态学、微型硅藻和微型浮植物生态、海洋微藻生物活性物质、微藻生物分子标记物、微藻胞外产物、及有害赤潮微藻的分离培养和生物学特性等方面研究取得了较好的进展。     

DAB389-Linker-LHRH重组毒素的构建及生物活性的初步测定

采用基因工程方法,将白喉毒素的毒性部分(DAB389)通过柔性连接肽(Linker)与促黄体激素释放素(LHRH)基因连接起来,克隆到高效表达载体pET28a( )中,并在大肠杆菌中表达该融合蛋白(DAB389-Linker-LHRH).通过三步层析纯化目的蛋白,获得了纯度达95%的重组毒素DAB389-Linker-LHRH.用MTT法检测其对过度表达LHRH受体的人宫颈癌HeLa细胞的毒性作用,探讨其对HeLa细胞的特异杀伤情况.实验结果显示DAB389-Linker-LHRH对HeLa细胞具有很强的生长抑制作用,其IC50为12.93μg/mL.表明该免疫重组毒素在体外对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞具有明显的杀伤作用,为进一步研制对宫颈癌有特异治疗作用的靶向抗癌药物奠定了基础.     

添加BaO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃对Sr0.3BaO0.7Nb2O6陶瓷烧结和介电性能的影响

以分析纯的BaCO3,SrCO3,Nb2O5,H38O3和SiO2粉末为原料,采用传统的固相合成法制备添加50BaO-4082O3-10SiO2玻璃(物质的量比)的Sro.3Ba0.7Nb2O6(即SBN70)陶瓷.采用X线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和阻抗分析仪研究添加玻璃对SBN70陶瓷的烧结和介电性能的影响.研究结果表明;随着玻璃含量的增加,陶瓷样品的相对密度先增大后减小;当玻璃含量为5%(质量分数,下同)时,样品的密度达到最大值;添加玻璃降低了陶瓷的烧结温度,于1 250℃时添加5%玻璃的SBN70陶瓷已烧结致密,陶瓷的平均晶粒尺寸约2 μm,晶粒呈短柱状结构;当玻璃含量增大时,晶粒尺寸呈增大趋势;当玻璃添加量≤5%时,样品仍为单相四方钨青铜结构;当含量为10%时,出现了第二相SrB4O7;随着玻璃含量的增加,SBN70衍射峰的位置先移向低角度后移向高角度,而居里温度T0逐渐降低,从195℃下降到25℃左右;随玻璃含量的增加,最大介电常数εmax呈先减小后增大的变化趋势,而介电损耗tan δ则随玻璃含量的增大而减小;添加玻璃的SBN70陶瓷具有弥散相变特性,其弥散系数γ随添加玻璃含量的增加而增大.     

可控释放一氧化氮的纳米材料及其生物医学应用

一氧化氮（NO）作为一种内源性气体信使分子,能够对多种生理学功能进行调控.低浓度的NO可以调节平滑肌,维持铁稳态和介导神经传递等;高浓度的NO可以提供一种防御机制.广泛的生理学功能使NO成为热门的治疗性气体分子.现有的NO供体往往存在半衰期短、释放不受控、缺乏靶向性等问题,限制了其进一步的应用.随着纳米技术的发展,研究者们合成了一系列能够可控释放NO的纳米材料,使其能够在治疗部位精确释放,并应用于多个生物医学领域.文章总结了NO供体种类,对常见的NO纳米载体的特性进行了分类介绍,并概述了NO控释纳米药物在治疗心血管疾病和肿瘤治疗等生物医学领域的最新研究进展,对该领域面临的挑战和发展前景进行了讨论.     

Preparation, characterization and thermal behavior of silver behenate nanocrystals

TO PROVIDE A VISIBLE IMAGE, CONVENTIONAL WET PROC- ESSED PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGING MATERIALS REQUIRE THE PROC- ESSING IN AQUEOUS BATH SUCH AS DEVELOPING AND FIXING[1].BY CONTRAST, THERMOGRAPHIC OR PHOTOTHERMOGRAPHIC MA- TERIALS PROVIDE USERS WITH A SIMPLE AND …     

类水滑石CuMgAl的制备、表征及其催化性能的研究

针对共沉淀法制备类水滑石难于操作、易混入碱金属离子等缺点,采用水热和尿素水解法制备了三元类水滑石CuMgAl（Cu＋Mg/Al=3,Cu/Mg=5.0,3.0,1.0,0.33）,并将合成的类水滑石用于苯羟基化反应;采用X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）等手段对类水滑石进行表征,以CuMgAl31作为催化剂,考察了反应时间、反应温度、溶剂及用量、催化剂用量、n（benzene）/n（H2O2）对苯羟化反应的影响.结果表明：与CuMgAl11、CuMgAl21、CuMgAl13催化剂相比,CuMgAl31具有较高的反应活性,反应的最佳条件为：反应时间6h、反应温度65℃、15mL吡啶作为溶剂、10mg催化剂、n（benzene）/n（H2O2）=3.0时,苯的转化率为5.5%,苯酚的选择性几乎为100%.     

WO3纳米片的制备表征及其可见光下降解罗丹明B的研究

通过水热合成法制备氧化钨（WO₃）纳米片,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、固体紫外漫反射（UV-vis）和X 射线光电子能谱（SEM-EDX）对WO₃纳米片进行表征,并通过实验研究了可见光下WO₃对溶液中罗丹明B（RhB）染料废水的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：WO₃投加量为0.10g时,在150W氙灯模拟可见光照射4h条件下,对质量浓度为10mg/L,体积为100mL罗丹明B染料废水的光催化降解率达到88.3%。此结果说明制备的WO₃催化剂对罗丹明B染料废水具有良好的光催化活性。     

离子交换法研制变折射率玻璃

用Na~+-Li~+和Ag~+-Na~+离子交换研制变折射率玻璃。用电子探针测定交换后玻璃中的Na_2O和Ag_2O浓度分布,求得互扩散系数。用干涉剪像法测定了玻璃表面的折射率分布。在实验温度下,渗透深度与交换时间平方根成正比。锂镁硅系玻璃在400℃的95%NaNO_3-5%Na_2SO_4盐浴中交换196h后,渗透深度达1.26mm;交换60h后,表面与内部折射率差为-0.026。锂镁铝硅玻璃在420℃的同样溶液中交换180h后,渗透深度达1.40mm。400℃时这两种玻璃中Na~+-L~+互扩散系数分别为10~(-10)～10~(-6)cm~2s~(-1)和2.3x10~(-11)～2.4～10~(?)cm~2s~(-1),它随Na_2O相对浓度的增加而增加。钠铝硅玻璃在490℃的AgCl盐浴中处理124h后,Ag~+的渗透深度达2.70mm,折射率差为0.024,随着Ag_2O相对浓度的增加,Ag~+-Na~+互扩散系数从9x10~9增加到1.8x10~8cm~2s~(-1)。     

Ordered mesoporous tungsten oxide and titanium oxide composites and their photocatalytic degradation behavior

Highly ordered mesoporous WO3/TiO2 (MWTs) composite materials with tunable chemical compositions were obtained by a surfactant template-assisted evaporation-induced selfassembly (EISA) processes. The structure properties of the MWT materials were characterized by small angle XRD, TEM and N2 sorption. The resultant materials showed large amount of ordered mesopores and high chemical homogeneity. With increasing crystallinity degree, the order degrees of mesostructure turned worse gradually. The MWT hybrids exhibited excellent visible light response due to the addition of WO3 with narrow band gap. Photocatalytic performances of the MWT samples were determined by measuring the photo-degradation of rhodamine B dye and phenol under simulated solar light irradiation. The effect of material parameters such as surface area, crystallinity and chemical compositions in the binary heterostructured system on photocatalytic performance were discussed in details.     

新型纳米ZnO@SiO2光催化剂降解苯酚溶液的研究

通过化学沉淀、水热反应、煅烧过程制备了新型ZnO@SiO2光催化剂，采用X射线衍射（XRD）、电子透射电镜(TEM)、能谱分析（EDS）、比表面测定实验等手段对产物结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明，产物为核壳结构的ZnO@SiO2复合颗粒，粒径约为20nm，表面包覆有3nm左右的SiO2壳层。以苯酚为目标降解物，研究新型ZnO@SiO2复合材料在不同pH值溶液中的光催化性能。光催化降解实验结果表明，在酸性（pH 5.8，2.8）或碱性（pH 8.3，12.4）溶液中，ZnO对苯酚的光催化降解率小于10%，而新型核壳结构ZnO@SiO2对苯酚的降解率显著高于ZnO，核壳结构明显改善了光催化剂的稳定性。     

两株苯酚降解菌的降解特性及对比分析

采用驯化的方法从活性污泥中筛选分离得到两株高效苯酚降解菌XTT-1,XTT-3,均能在含苯酚的培养基中生长,初步鉴定均为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonassp.).研究了两株菌降解苯酚的最适条件;XTT-3菌经48 h培养可完全降解500 mg.L-1苯酚,而XTT-1菌需要64 h;两株菌的苯酚耐受能力均不超过1000 mg.L-1苯酚;NaCl含量2.0%以上对两株菌的苯酚降解率有不同程度的抑制作用.