In vitro bioactivity and cytocompatibility of porous scaffolds of bioactive borosilicate glasses

The bioactive borosilicate scaffolds （R2O-RO-B2O3-SiO2-P2O5） with four different contents of borate were fabricated by replication technique. The bioactivity, degradability and the cytotoxicity of the scaffolds were studied in this paper. The porosity of the scaffolds was found to be 73%-80%, and the pore size was in the range of 200-300 μm. The porous scaffolds immersed in 0.02 mol.L^-1 K2HPO4 solution were transformed into hydroxyapatite. And it is notable that the D-AIk-2B, D-AIk-3B-scaffolds were covered by hydroxyapatite layers after 7 h-immersion, which proved their high bioactivity. In the cell adhesion test, cells could be seen growing well on the scaffolds, showing stretched morphology and obvious pseudopodia, and only the high cumulative concentration of B ions released from the D-AIk-3B-scaffold samples had an inhibition effect on cell proliferation. But the inhibition effect could be alleviated by diluting the extract solution to a certain concentration （dilution ratio： 1：8）. Therefore, after suitable pretreatment, the porous borosilicate bioactive glass scaffold can be a desirable candidate for bone tissue engineering.     

微弧氧化生物活性TiO2基纳米结构表面磷灰石诱导能力与药物上载及释放简

钛因优异的力学性能及良好的生物相容性而被用于代骨生物材料,但其生物惰性限制了它的进一步应用。对钛表面进行微弧氧化-水热改性处理生成复合涂层,可以有效提高钛材的生物活性。本文以Ca（H2 PO4）2＋Ca（CH3 COO）2＋EDTA-2Na＋NaOH为电解液,在纯钛表面制备TiO2基含钙磷微弧氧化涂层（CP）,再经后续水热处理改性,得到具有纳米结构的复合改性涂层;通过模拟体液浸泡实验,以研究不同表面结构复合涂层的磷灰石诱导能力。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱手段对试样进行详细分析。结果表明,经过水热处理的微弧氧化涂层较CP涂层表现出更好的生物活性,微弧氧化-水热涂层在模拟体液中浸泡3d均能在涂层表面长满磷灰石。此外,为解决植入体导致的炎症问题,进一步分析了涂层表面上载抗生素药物及其缓释机制。     

掺Nd~(3+)硼硅酸盐玻璃的非线性光学特性

在调Q 纳秒Nd: YAG强激光脉冲下,使用闭孔Z-扫描技术研究了硼硅酸盐基质玻璃及其掺Nd3+玻璃的三阶光学非线性特性.发现基质玻璃具有正的三阶非线性折射系数和非线性吸收系数,属于自聚焦反饱和吸收型的光学介质;而随着Nd3+的掺入,该硼硅酸盐玻璃的三阶非线性折射和吸收系数较基质玻璃有明显的增大,远高于一个量级.用开孔Z-扫描实验与光限幅实验进一步验证了掺Nd3+玻璃具有较高的三阶非线性吸收系数,表明Nd3+的掺入提高了硼硅酸盐玻璃在532 nm处的激光防护性能.     

钡钛酸盐玻璃的形成、性质和结构

本文目的在于研制高二氧化钛含量玻璃。当二氧化钛与氧化钡含量达80%时(其中TiO_2含量为30—60%),可以形成稳定的玻璃。这种玻璃具有高折射率(~nD>2.1)与良好的化学稳定性。文中还对高钛玻璃的着色进行了研究,认为主要由于熔制过程中失氧所引起。因此,可以通过熔制条件的控制、热处理等途径大大减轻玻璃的着色,从而能提高玻璃的反射率。通过红外光谱与X-射线谱对玻璃中的Ti~(4 )离子的配位状态作了分析,证明Ti~(4 )离子处于[TiO_(?)]状态。电镜观察确定,高钛酸盐玻璃在T_g以上一定温度热处理时,首先产生分相,然后体积晶化。对所析出的晶相也进行了研究,证实一般由钛酸钡为主的钛酸盐所组成。根据研究结果,提出了钡钛酸盐玻璃的结构示意图。     

溶胶凝胶法制备PbS/SiO2量子点玻璃的研究

经溶胶凝胶转变过程制备了硫化铅/二氧化硅(PbS/SiO₂)量子点复合玻璃材料,利用高分辨透射电镜、可见紫外吸收光谱、比表面分析、热分析等手段对这一类体系的物理化学性质进行了较为系统的研究。复合体系的溶胶凝胶转变点可通过对复合溶胶粘度随时间变化的观测而确定。高分辨电镜观察表明 PbS/SiO₂ 复合材料中PbS颗粒基本为nm级的球形粒子。由于复合材料中纳米级PbS颗粒的存在,其吸收光谱中的吸收边界与常规尺寸PbS颗粒的吸收光谱边界相比有明显的蓝移,体现出显著的量子效应。     

碱金属离子对掺铒磷酸盐玻璃除水性质的影响

根据OH^-对Er^3 荧光寿命的影响，研究了掺铒磷酸盐玻璃中碱金属离子类型和含量对OH^-含量的影响．结果表明，采用通干燥O2和CCl4除水的工艺可有效降低玻璃中OH^-的含量．除水效果在通气的最初阶段最为明显，OH^-含量的降低速率随通气时间的延长而减慢，最终趋于动态平衡．比较含不同碱金属离子(Li^ 、Na^ 和K^ )的掺铒磷酸盐玻璃的Er^3 荧光寿命，发现其随碱金属离子半径的增大、玻璃中氧离子体积的上升而缩短；而碱金属离子含量的增加会降低Er^3 的荧光寿命，并且熔体重新吸水的能力变大．     

PbI_2－PbBr_2－KCl系统玻璃的形成及其析晶行为

ＰｂＩ_２可以单独形成玻璃。ＰｂＩ_２－ＰｂＢｒ_２－ＫＣｌ三元系统玻璃具有良好的玻璃形成能力。通过恰当的热处理，不仅可获得透红外性能与原始玻璃一致的微晶玻璃，同时还可克服自发析晶倾向和大幅度地提高玻璃的显微硬度。以此三元系统为基础，有望开发出一类具有实用前景的透红外玻璃材料。     

Experimental studies on silicate structures of basaltic glasses quenched at 1 650℃ and 1-3.5 GPa

A series of melting experiments was carried out at 1 650℃ and 1.00-3.00 GPa using alkaline basalt as starting material. The compositions of quenched basaltic glasses in the products were detected by electron micro probe. Their CIPW norms were calculated and their refractive indices were determined by the oil-infused method. The Raman spectrum of the quenched basaltic glasses indicates that their main structural species are monomer [SiO4]4-, chain [Si2O6]4- and sheet [Si2O5]2- . The relationship at the same temperature between the proportions of integrated areas of structural species, and compositions and pressures was discussed.     

Comparison of Compositions and Structural Characterizations of Synthetic Nano-hydroxyapatite and Mineral Phase from Porcine Femoral Bone

In the paper, nano-hydroxyapatite was synthesized by hydrothermal treatment. The erystal morphology and compositions of the synthetic HA were investigated using TEM,IR, XRD and XPS techniques and were compared with those of porcine femoral bone apatite. The results showed that the synthetic HA is nanometer rod crystal similar to the bone apatite, and the average crystal sizes calculated by Scherrer equation for the four samples (HA dried at 80℃, unburned bone apatite, HA calcined at 750℃ and bone apatite calcined at 750℃ )are 20.6, 21.7, 22.5 and 27.6nm ,respectively, Moreover, the essential compositions for the synthetic HA and bone apatite are almost the same.     

Study of a new ytterbium doped phosphate laser glass

Physical, and spectral properties of a new commercial ytterbium doped phosphate laser glass with big size, NEW/Yb, was researched. Assessing from thermal mechanical property, nonlinear property, crystalline phase, micro defects and spectroscopic properties of NEW/Yb and Kigre's QX/Yb glasses, it is found that thermal-optical properties and glass internal quality of NEW/Yb glass are superior to QX/Yb glass. For NEW/Yb, the emission cross-section and fluorescent lifetime have a value of 0.53×10 pm2 and 2.2 ms, which are higher than those of QX/Yb.     

腐殖酸改性及其对镉的吸附特性

对腐殖酸改性前后表面理化性质的改变及其对水中镉离子的吸附性能进行了研究。结果表明,改性后腐殖酸比表面积和孔结构均有明显改善,吸附能力增强。吸附实验结果表明:随着pH的增大,改性后腐殖酸对镉离子的吸附量增加,在pH约为6时,吸附效率达到最大并趋于稳定; 改性后腐殖酸对镉离子的吸附最高可达20 mg/g,吸附等温线用Langmuir模型拟合最佳。吸附再生实验表明,改性腐殖酸吸附剂具有不易损失、易再生的特点,可以循环使用。     

Effect of surface modifications on shear banding and plasticity in metallic glasses: An overview

Previous results on the effect of surface structures, including intrinsic microstructural modification and extrinsic coating, on the plastic strain in tension, compression and bending were summarized. Sample confinement and residual stresses produced by various techniques such as shot peening and laser surface melting on the delay/retardation of shear band initiation and propagation were discussed. In the case of surface coatings, ductile monolayer and bilayers coatings were deposited on metallic glasses and tested, and the bilayers always exhibited better performance, suggesting that a graded structure was always beneficial. In this overview, the theoretical basis for multi-staged deformation of shear banding under compression and the physical origins for shearband instability were also discussed for the benefit to develop an effective coating on metallic glasses for plasticity improvement.     

Comparative study of microstructural remodification to porous β-TCP and HA in rabbits

To assess the remolding ability of repaired bone in hydroxyapatite （HA） and β-calcium phosphate （β-TCP） scaffold, two 75% porosity bioceramics with the same three-dimensional geometry were implanted into femoral condyles of rabbits. Histological and micro-computed tomography （micro-CT） results demonstrated abundant new bone formation in the porous HA scaffold along with indistinctive scaffold degradation. Results also indicated that scaffold resorption in the β-TCP group, which was followed by a replacement with newly formed bone, was significantly higher than that in the HA group. The crosslinking trabeculae remodeled from the mixtures of the newly formed bone and β-TCP scaffold remnants might be helpful to promoting even loading and reducing stress. The bone remodeling pattern resulted from bone formation and scaffold resorption was significantly different for the two bioceramics. The results demonstrated that the 75% porous β-TCP was more suitable for new bone remodification than HA scaffold.     

A new bone repair scaffold combined with chitosan/ hydroxyapatite and sustained releasing icariin

Icariin, a plant-derived flavonol glycoside, has been proved as an osteoinductive agent for bone tissue engineering. A new bone repair scaffold was generated by thorough mixing of icariin and chitosan/ hydroxyapatite （icariin-CS/HA） using freeze-drying technigue. Characteristics of morphology, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, drug release behavior and bone repair abilities in vivo were evaluated. The results show that drug loading process of icariin did not affect physical structure of CS/HA composite significantly but decreased mechanical properies of CS/HA composite, which happened with a high dosage; icariin-CS/HA had favorable cell compatibility and promoted osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs; the controlled release of icariin was satisfactory and the release retained after 90 d in vitro. In addition, icariin-CS/HA scaffolds had favorable osteoconduction and osteoinduction in vivo, and could fill bone defect sites and stimulate newborn bone tissues formation at early stage. On the basis of these data, icariin-CS/HA is believed to be an optical bone repair scaffold for tissue engineering.     

SiO_2 glasses synthesized at 355-445℃ and 2.0-5.5 GPa

A series of SiO2 glasses were synthesized by using spectroscopically pure silica on the YJ-3000 multi-anvil apparatus at 355-445℃ and 2.0-5.5GPa. Their spectroscopic characteristics resemble that of the high-density quartz glass. In the meantime, the IR spectra of SiO2 glasses show that a small amount of water exists in SiO2 glasses in the form of OH- . It may be due simply to the small amount of water that contributes significantly to the amorphism of SiO2. The determination of refraction indices of SiO2 glasses shows that the refraction indices of SiO2 glasses and the high-density quartz glass are in good logarithmic relation with synthetic pressures .     

用Raman光谱研究P_2O_5和M_0O_3对钠硼硅玻璃结构的影响

本文用Raman光谱研究了钠硼硅基础玻璃的结构及高价氧化物P_2O_5和M_0O_3对其结构的影响。结果表明,钠硼硅玻璃结构符合“基因模型”理论,M_0O_3以其阳离子的高场强作用使结构中三配位硼增加,而P_2O_5受配位关系制约使结构中四配位硼增加。     

3D printed titanium scaffolds with ordered TiO2 nanotubular surface and mesoporous bioactive glass for bone repair

Titanium alloy scaffolds have recently gained substantial interest for the treatment of critical-size bone defect, particularly along with the maturity of the 3D printing technology that is capable of turning scaffold design ideas into real implants. As titanium alloys lack surface osteogenic activity, for improved biological performance of such scaffolds, surface modification is necessary. Various coating materials and coating methods have been explored. In this study, we developed a unique surface modification method to provide the surface of 3D printed titanium scaffolds with nano-sized structure and bioactive agent. Uniform, ordered TiO₂ nanotube arrays were formed by applying two-step anodization, and then mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) was loaded into nanotubes. The results of in vitro immersion testing showed that bioactive ions, i.e., Si and Ca ions, could be steadily and continuously released from MBG into basal medium. The assessment of the responses of hBMSCs confirmed that the surface-modified scaffolds supported the adhesion and proliferation of hBMSCs, indicating good surface cytocompatibility. The developed method of combining surface nanostructure and bioactive agent could be used as a new strategy to improve the osteogenic activity of 3D printed titanium alloy scaffolds.     

PbO-Bi2O3-B2O3系统玻璃中B3+离子的配位状态

利用红外光谱和喇曼光谱研究了ＰｂＯ－Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－Ｂ２Ｏ３系统玻璃结构中Ｂ＾３＋离子的配位状态,研究结果表明：当Ｂ２Ｏ３含量较低时,获得的重金属氧化物玻璃结构中的Ｂ＾３＋离子以单个［ＢＯ３］三角体形式存在,随Ｂ２Ｏ３含量增加,部分［ＢＯ３］三角体转变成［ＢＯ３］三角体转变成［ＢＯ４］四面体;当Ｂ２Ｏ３含量增加到一定程度时,通过［ＢＯ３］三角体与［ＢＯ４］四面体之间的桥氧离子的联接而形成含［ＢＯ３］三     

网络形成体对重金属氧化物玻璃形成的影响

利用红外吸收光谱和喇曼散射光谱考察了PbO-Bi2O3-B2O3,PbO-Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO2及PbO-Bi2O3-P2O5系统中B3+,Si4+,P5+离子的配位状态,比较了不同玻璃形成体氧化物在重金属氧化物玻璃形成中的作用.研究结果表明在上述各系统重金属氧化物玻璃中,B3+,Si4+,P5+分别以孤立的[BO3]三角体、[SiO4]四面体及不带PO双键的[PO4]四面体形式存在;重金属氧化物玻璃的形成主要取决于[BO3]三角体、[SiO4]和[PO4]四面体的含量,这些氧多面体的作用是对Pb2+,Bi3+,O2-的积聚起阻隔作用,使之难以排列成晶格结构,从而形成非晶态玻璃.     

Experimental studies on silicate structures of basaltic glasses quenched at 1 65093 and 1–3.5 GPa

A series of melting experiments was carried cut at 1 650°C and 1.00–3.00 GPa using alkaline basalt as starting material. The cornpitions of quenched basaltic glasses in the products were detected by electron micro probe. Their CIPW norms were calculated and their refractive indices were determined by the oil-infused method. The Raman spectrum of the quenched basaltic glasses indicates that their main structural species are monomer [Si₂O₄]1⁴⁻, chain [Si₂O₆]1^4- and sheet [Si₂O₅]1^2-. The relationship at the same temperature between the proportions of integrated areas of structural species, and compositions and pressures was discussed.