聚苯乙烯磺酸钠/阿利新蓝分子沉积膜的表征及组装动力学

制备了聚苯乙烯磺酸钠/阿利新蓝分子沉积膜。紫外可见吸收光谱及接触角滴定的实验结果表明,聚苯乙烯磺酸钠/阿利新蓝分子沉积膜具有良好的自组装性能,且以单分子层层状沉积。通过时间控制,考察了聚苯乙烯磺酸钠/阿利新蓝分子组装形成分子沉积膜的动力学过程。结果表明,第8层阿利新蓝和第9层聚苯乙烯磺酸钠分子沉积膜润湿性稳定时间分别为18 min和25 min;聚苯乙烯磺酸钠的吸附速率常数比阿利新蓝的要小。依据不同组装时间的吸附动力学行为,提出了聚苯乙烯磺酸钠/阿利新蓝分子沉积膜在石英表面组装过程的动态模型。原子力显微镜和小角X射线衍射结果证实,多层聚苯乙烯磺酸钠/阿利新蓝分子沉积膜存在良好的层状周期结构,但层内局部结构有缺陷。     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/聚苯胺自组装超薄膜的制备研究

利用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPon)与聚苯胺(PAn)间的氢键作用为驱动力通过层层自组装技术(LBL)构建了(PVPon/PAn)多层超薄膜.分别利用紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱、原子力显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线反射等对该自组装多层膜的沉积过程、吸附动力学、成膜驱动力、形貌、结构等进行了研究,结果表明,PVPon/PAn氢键自组装多层膜结构有序,表面粗糙度小.     

自组装单分子膜的缺陷及修饰研究现状

综述了自组装单分子膜的结构及组装方法,缺陷产生的机理、表征方法,以及对自组装单分子膜缺陷的修饰方法．自组装单分子膜可分为单层膜和多层膜．单层膜主要指以共价键和离子键为驱动力形成的,多层膜的组装方法主要是分子沉积(MD)技术和基于化学吸附的自组装单分子膜技术．自组装膜的缺陷对其具有的特殊性能有影响,分子的倒伏造成了膜的缺陷,其影响因素很多,其中基片表面的化学组成与化学性质和成膜分子自身性质起决定作用;优化成膜反应条件,可有效地控制膜的增长．     

聚苯乙烯为致孔剂的分子印迹膜对溶菌酶吸附性能的研究

探索聚苯乙烯微球的添加对于分子印迹膜对溶菌酶(Lysozyme, Lyz)吸附性能的影响.以溶菌酶为模板分子,丙烯酰胺、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为功能单体、聚苯乙烯(Polystyrene,PS)微球为致孔剂,制备聚苯乙烯为致孔剂的分子印迹聚合物膜(PS-MIP).PS-MIP的吸附平衡时间为30 min,短于未添加聚苯乙烯微球的分子印迹聚合物膜(MIP);PS-MIP与MIP对于Lyz的吸附能力均明显好于聚苯乙烯为致孔剂的非分子印迹聚合物膜(PS-NIP)与未添加聚苯乙烯微球的非分子印迹聚合物膜(NIP);PS-MIP对Lyz的选择性要好于MIP,而卵清蛋白和牛血清白蛋白在PS-MIP和MIP上的荧光信号没有差别.实验结果表明,在分子印迹膜聚合过程中添加聚苯乙烯微球,有利于缩短吸附时间,增大溶菌酶的吸附量并提升选择性.     

改进基板修饰方法制备有机/无机分子沉积膜

把氢烷偶联剂〖（ＣＨ３Ｏ）３（Ｓｉ（ＣＨ２）３ＳＨ〗直接组装在石英基板上，随后将有机膜的端疏基（ＳＨ）原位氧化为磺酸基（ＳＯ３Ｈ），再利用其负电笥表面交潜沉积上双季铵盐和ＷＯ３（ｅ＾－０，制得多层有机／无机分子沉积膜，经紫外可见光谱及小角Ｘ射线衍射表征，该膜具有良好的超薄层状有结构。     

磷酸改性玉米芯吸附剂对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

对磷酸改性玉米芯制备的吸附剂吸附水中亚甲基蓝进行了研究,考察了其吸附特性及影响吸附的因素,探讨了吸附过程的热力学和动力学.结果表明:磷酸改性后玉米芯吸附剂对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附能力明显增强.亚甲基蓝浓度100mg/L,改性吸附剂投加量0.05g,温度25℃,pH 6.0,吸附时间60min时,对亚甲基蓝的吸附量为99.06mg/g.吸附等温线可很好地用Langmuir方程式拟合,吸附热力学参数ΔG0小于0,而ΔH0、ΔS0大于0,吸附使体系的有序性降低;吸附过程符合伪二级动力学,吸附很可能是分子计量置换机制.     

自组装模板法制备相分离结构二元混合自组装膜

利用分子自组装热力学及动力学特性,通过控制第一种分子的组装饱和度,以及中间有序化处理过程,得到混合自组装模板,成功的组装出具有相分离结构的五碳硫醇和巯基苯胺二元分子混合自组装膜.这种混合自组装方法对二元相分离结构的混合自组装分子膜具有一定的普适性.同时发现,在两步法混合自组装膜中,随着第一种分子的沉积时间增长,第二种分子的组装面积减小.另外对第一种分子膜进行有序化处理以及不同的处理温度对二元混合自组装膜的质量和结构有着较大的影响.     

无机盐对木质素磺酸钠静电逐层自组装的影响

将加有盐的木质素磺酸钠(SL)和聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDAC)通过静电逐层自组装制备成木质素多层膜,研究了无机盐对SL/PDAC静电逐层自组装的影响.SL/PDAC自组装过程用紫外-可见分光光度计来监控,自组装膜表面形貌用原子力显微镜(AFM)来表征.结果表明:SL浸渍溶液中的离子强度和盐种类对自组装过程中SL的吸附特征产生重要影响.当所加盐是NaCl时,在所研究的离子强度范围内,随离子强度增加,自组装膜中SL的吸附量增大,吸附速率减慢,自组装膜表面粗糙度增加.相同离子强度下,当所加盐分别为LiCl、NaCl、KCl时,SL的吸附量随阳离子半径增大而依次增大;当所加盐分别为NaCl、NaBr、NaI时,SL的吸附量随阴离子半径增大而依次减少.     

分子沉积膜驱剂在原油/水中的分配及油水界面张力

考察了pH值、温度和时间对分子沉积膜驱剂在大庆原油和孤岛原油/水中的分配及油水界面张力的影响。结果表明,pH值增加,分子沉积膜驱剂在油水相中的分配系数增加,界面张力降低,但总体上分配系数较低;温度升高,分子沉积膜驱剂在原油/水中的分配系数和界面张力均有所降低;在约196h后,分子沉积膜驱剂在原油/水中的分配达到平衡。分子沉积膜驱剂向界面扩散和吸附的动力学过程缓慢;随着时间的增加,分子沉积膜驱剂溶液与孤岛原油界面张力先迅速降低后缓慢降低,并没有出现象表面活性剂那样的低界面张力;NaCl浓度对油水界面张力的影响不大;分子沉积膜驱剂在孤岛原油中的溶解度大于在大庆原油中的溶解度,且相同条件下的界面张力更低。     

聚合物微球粒子的自组装制备

采用溶剂置换自组装方法使用聚苯乙烯和聚苯乙烯-嵌段-异戊二烯制备了两种表面结构不同的聚合物微球粒子.SEM和TEM结果表明,采用聚苯乙烯为原料得到了表面光滑的微球,采用嵌段共聚物得到了表面具有波纹结构的微球,表明这种自组装过程是一种高度有秩序的单层分子排列过程.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the