上海滴水湖水系轮虫群落结构分析及水质评价

 为了解滴水湖水系轮虫群落状况及其与水质因子的关系,于2010年1-12月,每月1次对上海滴水湖水系轮虫群落和水质状况进行调查。引水河道和湖区分别设置6个和5个采样点。通过调查,共鉴定轮虫35种,隶属于7科19属。其中,针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)、暗小异尾轮虫(Trichocerca pusilla)和裂痕龟纹轮虫(Anuraeopsis fissa)为优势种。引水河道中轮虫年平均密度为821.31/L,生物量为600.97×10^-3mg/L;湖区中轮虫年平均密度为434.98/L,生物量为317.74×10^-3mg/L。引水河道和湖区中Margalef多样性指数年均值分别为1.87±0.19和1.14±0.23,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数年均值分别为1.58±0.25和1.21±0.76。引水河道中轮虫密度、生物量及多样性指数均较湖区中高。季节变化上,引水河道中轮虫密度、生物量分别与BOD₅呈显著和极显著正相关;湖区轮虫密度、生物量分别与水温呈显著和极显著正相关。水平分布上,轮虫生物量与总溶解盐和pH值均呈显著负相关,与NO₂-N呈显著正相关,与BOD₅则呈极显著正相关。根据污染指示种、物种多样性指数,并结合水体理化性质对滴水湖水系水质进行初步评价,结果表明,2010年滴水湖湖区为轻富营养,引水河道总体处于轻富营养-中富营养水平。     

中街山海域渔业动物群落结构的季节变化

针对2011年中街山海域4个航次调查数据,利用相似性指数和多样性指数,对该海域的渔业动物群落结构的季节性变化进行了分析。结果表明：除秋季甲壳类占优势外,各个季节鱼类均为优势类群;从资源密度值变化情况来看,中街山海域夏季CPUE最高,为51．5kg,h;从各个季节生物优势种类组成来看,优势种种类数达17种,其中绝大部分为鱼类,龙头鱼和棘头梅童鱼为3个季节均出现的优势种,优势度最高的季节为秋季,单物种最高生物量比重为26．5％;冬夏两季生物量优势度略低于秋季,单物种最高生物量比例为26．2％和20．2％;春季生物量优势度最低,最高单种生物量比重仅为16．5％。     

重庆卫星湖轮虫种群的初步调查

采用筛绢过滤法和拖网法，对重庆卫星湖的轮虫种群进行了初步调查，共检出轮虫9种，平均生物量为290个／L，优势种为红眼旋轮虫(Philodina roseola)和萼花臂尾轮虫(Buachionus calyciflorus)。轮虫多样性指数与轮虫的生物量和优势种的优势度呈明显的负相关性。     

白洋淀轮虫群落结构及富营养化评价

于2018年5月(春)、8月(夏)和10月(秋)对白洋淀26个采样点轮虫物种组成和群落结构进行了系统调查,测定了水温(WT)、溶解氧(DO)、pH值、水深(WD)、透明度(Tr)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、叶绿素a(Chla)等环境因子,分析了轮虫群落参数与环境因子的关系,综合评价了白洋淀水体富营养化程度.共鉴定出轮虫21属61种,以耐污性种类为主,角突臂尾轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫和小多肢轮虫为优势种.各采样点轮虫种数差异较大,最多为20种(聚龙淀),最少仅为6种(大麦淀).轮虫平均丰度和生物量呈现明显的季节变化,秋季最高(3 372 ind./L,0.90 mg/L),夏季其次(1 240 ind./L,0.88 mg/L),春季最低(210 ind./L,0.22 mg/L);轮虫最高丰度为6 930 ind./L(三角淀,秋季),最低仅为2 ind./L(平阳淀,夏季).Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和Pielou均匀度指数(J)夏季最高(分别为2.30和0.86).经相关性分析发现,轮虫丰度与DO、WD、Chla、TP呈显著正相关,而与Tr显著负相关;轮虫种数与WD显著正相关,与WT显著负相关.与历史资料相比,白洋淀水质在一定程度有所好转,但仍处于富营养化状态.     

新疆吉木乃县红山水库轮虫多样性

 红山水库是新疆阿勒泰地区吉木乃县的天然水源型水库。为了解该水库轮虫群落动态特征,于2008年7月（平水期）、10月（枯水期）、2009年5月（丰水期）对该水库轮虫生态学进行研究,共鉴定轮虫24种,隶属于7科16属。平水期优势种为缘板龟甲轮虫（Keratella ticinensis）、螺形龟甲轮虫（Keratella cochlearis）、针簇多肢轮虫（Polyarthra trigla）,枯水期优势种更替为缘板龟甲轮虫、矩形龟甲轮虫（Keratella quadiata）、裂痕龟纹轮虫（Anuraeopsis fissa）、针簇多肢轮虫（Polyarthra trigla）、暗小异尾轮虫（Trichocera pusilla）,次年丰水期优势种由矩形龟甲轮虫、针簇多肢轮虫、长三肢轮虫（Filinia longiseta）等组成。库区水体中轮虫的种类组成、密度、多样性指数等呈典型的时间相关性,不同时期轮虫密度变化趋势为：丰水期（（4.87±1.04）×102/L）>平水期（（4.65±2.27）×102/L）>枯水期（（1.23±0.57）×102/L）。结果表明,红山水库库区水容量变化及水温波动导致的浮游植物种类变化是影响轮虫种类组成、密度和多样性指数的主要原因。     

百花湖水库后生浮游动物群落结构时空分布特征及水质评价

于2010年的1月、4月、7月和10月,笔者对百花湖水库后生浮游动物群落进行了调查。结果显示:共采集到后生浮游动物44种,其中轮虫22种,枝角类12种,桡足类10种;百花湖水库后生浮游动物物种多样性季节变化明显,冬春季较低(物种数S=19和21,Shannon-Weiner指数H'=1.50和2.11),夏秋季较高(物种数S=34和24,H'=2.03和2.75);主要优势种的季节变化表现为冬季萼花臂尾轮虫(Y=0.77),春季角突臂尾轮虫(Y=0.11),夏季前节晶囊轮虫(Y=0.32),秋季螺形龟甲轮虫(Y=0.30);后生浮游动物丰度在64.9~854.63 ind./L之间,平均为442.49 ind./L,丰度季节变化显著,但空间分布差异不大;轮虫丰度占据优势,后生浮游动物趋向小型化;后生浮游动物多样性与营养指数对水质的评价结果相似,但与生物量的评价结果不同。     

白洋淀流域大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构分析

2019年5月、8月和10月对白洋淀流域的淀区、2个上游水库和4条上游河流中大型底栖无脊椎动物的不同季节群落结构变化进行了调查,发现其优势物种均为耐污种.淀区群落结构主要表现出受区域性影响较大,受季节性影响不大的特点,分析其生物量和生物多样性指数,呈现出淀区南部生物量高于淀区北部,淀区中心生物多样性高于淀区边缘;2个水库生物量与丰度变化具有一定的相似性,均表现为春季和秋季高于夏季;府河、孝义河和拒马河表现为春季生物量最低,沙河春季生物量最高,在4条河流中春季生物多样性均高于夏、秋季.总之,从生物量和生物多样性两方面来看,上游河流和水库主要表现为不同季节间差异显著,而不同区域间差异不显著.     

潮白河流域水库浮游动物群落季节变化特征及其驱动因素

为了解不同季节潮白河流域水库中浮游动物群落的结构特征及其影响因素,分别于2020年9月(秋)和12月(冬),2021年3月(春)和6月(夏)对12个水库监测断面的浮游动物群落开展调研。4个季度共采集并鉴定浮游动物67属90种,其中夏季种类最丰富,春季最少。水库浮游动物密度和生物量在夏季达到峰值,均值分别为231.5 ind./L和0.199 mg/L;春季浮游动物的平均密度(60.8 ind./L)和生物量(0.075 mg/L)均最低。不同季节浮游动物群落组成存在显著差异。夏秋两季浮游动物种类组成与密度组成均以轮虫为主,冬春两季则以原生动物为主。侠盗虫在水库四季均为优势类群。相关性分析结果表明,浮游动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与亚硝酸盐氮和总有机碳均显著正相关,浮游动物丰富度则与硝酸盐氮、总氮和总磷显著正相关。典范对应分析结果表明,溶解氧、水温、亚硝酸盐氮、总有机碳和电导率是影响浮游动物群落季节分布的主要环境因子。研究结果较全面地揭示了不同季节潮白河流域水库的浮游动物群落变化规律,可为流域内水生态健康评估提供基础资料。     

上海青草沙水库后生浮游动物群落结构

于2010年7月～2011年6月对上海市青草沙水库浮游动物的种类组成、生物量进行了周年的调查和分析,共鉴定浮游动物38种,其中轮虫16种,枝角类9种,桡足类13种,优势种为矩形龟甲轮虫Keratella quadrata、长额象鼻溞Bosmina longirostris、广布中剑水蚤Mesocyclops leuckarti和中华哲水蚤Sinocalanus sinensis.浮游动物各样点平均密度变化范围为8.46～97.71ind./L,平均生物量为0.284～19.470mg/L.结合分层聚类(Cluster analysis)和多维尺度分析(MDS)的结果,青草沙各样点被分为4组;通过主要环境因子相关性分析可知,pH值、总氮与青草沙水库浮游动物的密度呈显著相关,其他环境因子对浮游动物密度影响不显著.生物多样性指数评价表明,库区水质属于中度污染,结合浮游动物种类组成和群落结构进行综合评价,提示库区浮游动物群落结构趋于简单,水体环境稳定性有所下降,相关部门需要加强预控和防范管理.     

二滩水库浮游植物群落结构特征及水环境因子的季节变化

[目的]考察二滩水库的浮游植物群落结构特征和水环境因子的季节变化.[方法]于2018年12月-2019年10月调查分析了二滩水库5个断面的10个水环境因子和浮游植物的密度、生物量、优势种、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)与Pielous均匀性指数(J).[结果]二滩水库在调查期间整体上处于中营养状态.共检出浮游植物8门124种,绿藻门(Chlorophyta)和硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)为优势门类,分别有49和43种浮游植物.浮游植物密度及生物量范围分别为0.31×106～1.34×106个·L-1、0.43～1.91 mg·L-1,秋季的浮游植物密度最高,夏季的浮游植物生物量最高.H分布范围为2.21～3.96,J分布范围为0.70～0.93,浮游植物多样性较好,由此判断二滩水库整体处于无污染或轻污染状态.浮游植物密度与总氮含量(TN)呈统计学意义上的正相关关系(p＜0.05),与高锰酸盐指数(PI)在p＜0.01水平上呈统计学意义上的正相关关系;H与水温(WT)呈正相关关系,在p＜0.01水平上具有统计学意义;J与PI在声＜0.01水平上呈统计学意义上的负相关关系.[结论]二滩水库水质良好,浮游植物群落稳定,TN,WT和PI是影响浮游植物群落的主要环境因子.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that