大黄酸与核酸作用的共振光散射特征及机理研究

基于在pH 1.7的KCl-HCl缓冲液中核酸对大黄有效成分大黄酸481 nm处共振光散射信号的猝灭现象,建立了测定核酸的共振光散射新方法.在最优条件下,该方法对小牛胸腺DNA和酵母RNA的线性范围、检测限分别为0.045～9.0μg/mL,33.9 ng/mL和0.060～9.0μg/mL,45.9 ng/mL.该方法已用于核酸合成样品和实际样品中ctDNA和yRNA的测定,结果令人满意.此外,还通过计算机模拟对大黄酸分子与核酸分子结合前后分子平面性的变化进行了考察,探讨了分子平面性变化与共振散射光猝灭之间的关系.     

Images of single-stranded nucleic acids by scanning tunnelling microscopy

The scanning tunnelling microscope has the potential to resolve the structure of biological molecules with atomic detail. Progress has been made in the imaging of dried, unshadowed double helices of DNA4-7 and in recording images of DNA under water. Also, images of unshadowed complexes of DNA with the RecA protein from Escherichia coli indicate that this technique may not be restricted to thin biological samples. Here we present images of polydeoxyadenylate molecules aligned in parallel, with their bases lying flat on a surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and with their charged phosphodiester backbones protruding upwards. Based on these images, a molecular model has been built which suggests the presence of a hydrogen bond that could stabilize the parallel alignment. Our micrographs demonstrate the potential application of scanning tunnelling microscopy in structural studies of nucleic acids and provide evidence that it could be used to sequence DNA.     

超声空化氧化过程中溴酸根的生成规律

研究了溴离子(Br~-)存在条件下,超声空化氧化过程中溴酸根(BrO_3~-)的生成机理及反应条件对其生成的影响。结果发现:超声过程中BrO_3~-的生成机理符合羟基自由基(·OH)氧化途径。BrO_3~-生成量随溴离子初始浓度的增加而增加,而溴离子转化率却随溴离子初始浓度的增加而减小。BrO_3~-的生成量随超声频率变化的大小关系为400600800200kHz,存在最大的生成频率。超声声能密度从0.06 W/mL增大为0.19 W/mL时,溴酸根生成量先增大后减小。酸性条件下BrO_3~-的生成量较大,而碱性条件下BrO_3~-的生成量较小。     

Amino acids from ultraviolet irradiation of interstellar ice analogues

Amino acids are the essential molecular components of living organisms on Earth, but the proposed mechanisms for their spontaneous generation have been unable to account for their presence in Earth's early history. The delivery of extraterrestrial organic compounds has been proposed as an alternative to generation on Earth, and some amino acids have been found in several meteorites. Here we report the detection of amino acids in the room-temperature residue of an interstellar ice analogue that was ultraviolet-irradiated in a high vacuum at 12 K. We identified 16 amino acids; the chiral ones showed enantiomeric separation. Some of the identified amino acids are also found in meteorites. Our results demonstrate that the spontaneous generation of amino acids in the interstellar medium is possible, supporting the suggestion that prebiotic molecules could have been delivered to the early Earth by cometary dust, meteorites or interplanetary dust particles.     

核酸与杨梅黄素荧光体系的研究

 研究了杨梅黄素与核酸溶液的结合反应.加入核酸溶液后,杨梅黄素在436nm处的荧光强度显著地增强.在最佳实验条件下,对ctDNA和yRNA的线性范围分别为0.2～3.2μg/mL和0.18～3.2μg/mL.并讨论了干扰物质的影响,对其作用机理也进行了初步探讨.