Perception of apparent motion by commissurotomy patients

When two spatially separated light spots are flashed in rapid succession, the spot will appear to move between the two locations--an illusion called apparent motion. We have presented this display to callosum-sectioned human patients and found that they could correctly report the temporal order of a simple apparent motion sequence presented across the vertical meridian. Hence, the forebrain commissures are not required for this function.     

专职护士对心血管病患者实施健康教育的体会

目的 为了提高健康教育的落实程度和效果,对健康教育的方式进行探索.方法 选择优秀护理骨干担任专职实施系统健康教育,并与责任护理健康教育方式进行比较.结果 专职护士实施健康教育提高了患者接受健康教育的程度,提高了患者对护理健康教育的满意度,促进了护士提高自身索质.结论 在目前我院护理队伍整体健康教育能力亟待提高的情况下,由专职护士实施健康教育有利于健康教育的贯彻落实.     

CT增强扫描病案的护理方法分析

分析使用静脉造影剂做CT增强扫描的536个病案,探讨CT增强扫描患者的正确护理方法。护理是CT增强扫描成功的重要环节。只有搞好临床护理和基础护理。才可能获得最佳增强扫描效果。为临床诊断和治疗提供有力的证据。     

专职护士对心血管病患者实施健康教育的体会

目的为了提高健康教育的落实程度和效果，对健康教育的方式进行探索。方法选择优秀护理骨干担任专职实施系统健康教育，并与责任护理健康教育方式进行比较。结果专职护士实施健康教育提高了患者接受健康教育的程度，提高了患者对护理健康教育的满意度，促进了护士提高自身素质。结论在目前我院护理队伍整体健康教育能力亟待提高的情况下，由专职护士实施健康教育有利于健康教育的贯彻落实。     

Abnormal pattern detected in fragile-X patients by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

The fragile-X syndrome is the most frequent inherited form of mental retardation, with an incidence of 1 in 1,500 males. It is characterized by the presence of a fragile site at Xq27.3 induced in vitro by folate deprivation or by inhibitors of deoxynucleotide synthesis. Its mode of inheritance is unusual for an X-linked trait, with incomplete penetrance in both males and females. Some phenotypically normal males transmit the mutation to all their daughters who rarely express any symptoms, but penetrance is high in sons and daughters of these carrier women. Genetic and physical mapping of the Xq27-q28 region has confirmed that the disease locus is located at or very near the fragile site. Hypotheses proposed to account for the abnormalities in the inheritance of the disease include sequence rearrangements by meiotic recombination or a mutation that affects reactivation of an inactive X chromosome during differentiation of female germ cells. To detect such rearrangements, or methylation changes that may reflect a locally inactive X chromosome, we used pulsed-field gel analysis of DNA from fragile-X patients with probes close to the fragile-X locus. The probe Do33 (DXS465) detected abnormal patterns in fragile-X patients, but not in normal controls or in non-expressing male transmitters.     

鼠药毒鼠强、氟乙酰胺中毒及救治原则

通过对大量案件统计，本文对毒鼠强、氟乙酰胺的理化性质、中毒症状、中毒致死数据、中毒抢救基本知识以及中毒案件检材采取及送检进行了全面的论述。     

Hippocampal abnormalities in amnesic patients revealed by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging

The identification of brain structures and connections involved in memory functions has depended largely on clinico-pathological studies of memory-impaired patients, and more recently on studies of a primate model of human amnesia. But quantitative neurobehavioural data and detailed neuropathological information are rarely available for the same patients. One case has demonstrated that selective bilateral damage to the hippocampus causes a circumscribed memory impairment in the absence of other intellectual deficits. This finding, in conjunction with evidence from humans and monkeys, indicates that the hippocampus together with adjacent and anatomically related structures is essential for the formation of long-term memory, perhaps by virtue of the extensive reciprocal connections between the hippocampal formation and putative memory storage sites in the neocortex. Although cognitive studies of amnesia provide useful information about the functional organization of normal memory, it has not usually been possible to relate memory impairment to anatomy in living patients. We have developed a high-resolution protocol for imaging the human hippocampus with magnetic resonance that permits visualization of the hippocampal formation in substantial cytoarchitectonic detail, revealing abnormalities in patients with severe and selective memory impairment.     

鼻内窥镜,柯—陆手术联合进路治疗慢性鼻窦？…

探讨鼻内窥镜,柯－陆手术联合进路治疗伴有上颌窦病变的慢性鼻窦炎,鼻息肉的疗效。方法：对１０４例伴有上颌窦病变的慢性鼻窦炎患者行鼻内窥镜、柯－陆手术联合进路鼻窦手术,彻底清除病变。结果：术后随访６－１２个月,治愈８５例,好转１５例,无效４例,总有效率为９６．１％。     

电化学发光法检测前列腺癌特异性抗原标志物的研究

目的：探讨总前列腺特异性抗原（T-PSA）、游离前列腺特异性抗原（F-PSA）及 F-PSA/T-PSA 比值在前列腺癌及前列腺增生的诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法收集病理确诊为前列腺癌患者86例、前列腺增生患者487例和健康体检者188例的血液样本,采用电化学发光法检测检测血清中 T-PSA、F-PSA 浓度,计算F-PSA/T-PSA 比值,比较 T-PSA、F-PSA 和 F-PSA/T-PSA 比值在前列腺癌组、前列腺增生组及正常对照组之间的差异。结果与正常对照组相比,前列腺增生组和前列腺癌组的 T-PSA、F-PSA、F-PSA/T-PSA 的比值差异具有高度统计学意义（p＆lt;0.01）;与前列腺增生组相比,前列腺癌组的 T-PSA、F-PSA、F-PSA/T- PSA 的比值差异也具有高度统计学意义（p〈0.01）。 T-PSA 在4.0～10.0 ng/mL 时,与前列腺增生组相比,前列腺癌组的 T-PSA 差异无显著性（p〈0.05）,F-PSA 差异有显著性（p〉0.05）,而 F-PSA/T- PSA 比值差异具有高度统计学意义（p〈0.01）。结论T-PSA 可作为前列腺癌筛选的一个重要的指标,当 T-PSA 在4.0～10.0 ng/mL 时,F-PSA/T-PSA 用于筛选前列腺癌优于 T-PSA,选择0.15作为 F-PSA/T-PSA 的临界值对前列腺癌诊断有较高的灵敏度和特异度。     

Isolation of rare circulating tumour cells in cancer patients by microchip technology

Viable tumour-derived epithelial cells (circulating tumour cells or CTCs) have been identified in peripheral blood from cancer patients and are probably the origin of intractable metastatic disease. Although extremely rare, CTCs represent a potential alternative to invasive biopsies as a source of tumour tissue for the detection, characterization and monitoring of non-haematologic cancers. The ability to identify, isolate, propagate and molecularly characterize CTC subpopulations could further the discovery of cancer stem cell biomarkers and expand the understanding of the biology of metastasis. Current strategies for isolating CTCs are limited to complex analytic approaches that generate very low yield and purity. Here we describe the development of a unique microfluidic platform (the 'CTC-chip') capable of efficient and selective separation of viable CTCs from peripheral whole blood samples, mediated by the interaction of target CTCs with antibody (EpCAM)-coated microposts under precisely controlled laminar flow conditions, and without requisite pre-labelling or processing of samples. The CTC-chip successfully identified CTCs in the peripheral blood of patients with metastatic lung, prostate, pancreatic, breast and colon cancer in 115 of 116 (99%) samples, with a range of 5-1,281 CTCs per ml and approximately 50% purity. In addition, CTCs were isolated in 7/7 patients with early-stage prostate cancer. Given the high sensitivity and specificity of the CTC-chip, we tested its potential utility in monitoring response to anti-cancer therapy. In a small cohort of patients with metastatic cancer undergoing systemic treatment, temporal changes in CTC numbers correlated reasonably well with the clinical course of disease as measured by standard radiographic methods. Thus, the CTC-chip provides a new and effective tool for accurate identification and measurement of CTCs in patients with cancer. It has broad implications in advancing both cancer biology research and clinical cancer management, including the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of cancer.     

PCR检测白血病患者外周血中EB病毒的DNA

目的：了解白血病患者ＥＢ病毒感染情况。方法：收集２１例急性淋巴细胞白血病、１例慢性淋巴细胞白血病、１５例急性粒细胞白血病、８例慢性粒细胞白血病患者及３２例正常对照组的外周血,分离单个核细胞,提取ＤＮＡ,应用ＰＣＲ方法检测ＥＢ病毒ＤＮＡ。结果：在１例初诊慢性粒细胞白血病病人样本中发现ＥＢ病毒阳性,余均为阴性。结论：白血病患者存在ＥＢ病毒感染情况,但并不普遍。     

Pain relief by xenograft of subarachnoid microencapsulated bovine chromaffin cells in cancer patients

The bovine chromaffin cells (BCC) implanted into the subarachnoid space can release analgesic substances such as opioid peptides and ealeeholamines. Clinical trials have provided the evidence that the implantation of polyvinylchloride ( PVC) hollow fiber encapsulated BCC by surgery can relief the pain in cancer patients. In the present study, BCC were encapsulated in alginate-polylysine-alginate (APA) mieroencapsules which protect the grafting of xenogeneic cells from host immune system anil allow BCC to function effectively without using immunosuppression agents. The microencapsulated BCCs (5 X 106~—8 X 106) were transplanted into the subarachnoid space I^._s of 17 patients who suffered from chronic cancer pain and had to have long-term administration of analgesics. The pain scores and morphine intake tesl showed that microencapsulated BCC graft totally stopped the chronic pain in three of the patients over a period of 200 days and in the other three over a period of 100 days. The resulls suggesl thai APA microencapsulated BCC xenotransplantation could be a novel alternative approach to managing pain of cancer patients.     

直接免疫荧光法分析白血病及骨髓增生异常综合征患者免疫表型

目的 :检测急性白血病 (AL)及骨髓增生异常综合征 (MDS)免疫表型及其临床意义。方法 :用流式细胞仪CD4 5设门直接免疫三标记法 ,检测 4 9例AL及MDS患者免疫表型。结果 :ALL双克隆型 9例 ,其中髓系伴T -ALL 3例 ,髓系伴B -ALL 4例 ,1例为髓系伴T、B标记 (CD13 +CD7+CD19+ ) ,1例同时CD7+CD19+ ;ALL同时表达CD3 4 及HLA -DR最高 (6 0 .0 1%) ,明显高于AML、MDS(P <0 .0 0 5 )。AML双克隆型 2 0例 ,7例为髓系伴CD7+ ,2例髓系伴CD19+ ,11例为同时表达CD3 4 +HLA -DR +。MDS患者骨髓细胞表达髓系成熟抗原CD13 +及CD3 3 +增高 ,未发现淋系抗原的表达。MDS -RAEB、RAEBT及转为白血病病例均高表达CD3 4 及HLA -DR抗原。结论 :用三标记法简便易行 ,提高诊断准确性 ;单抗组合应兼顾髓、淋系同时表达 ;应加胞浆抗原检测。     

Neutralization of human T-lymphotropic virus type III by sera of AIDS and AIDS-risk patients

Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (LAV, HTLV-III) is aetiologically linked to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and persistent general lymphadenopathy (PGL). Specific radioimmunoassays (RIA), enzyme-linked assays, immunofluorescence assays (IFA) and immunoblotting techniques are being used widely to detect serum antibodies to HTLV-III in infected patients and in those at risk of infection. However, these assays do not functionally identify those antibodies that neutralize the infectivity of the virus. We have used three methods of titrating serum neutralizing factors: inhibition of syncytium induction, neutralization of envelope pseudotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and reduction of infectivity of HTLV-III for a cell line permissive to virus replication. We report here that sera from subjects in various disease categories possess only low-level neutralizing activity, even when antibodies to viral membrane antigens are present in high titre. Envelope pseudotypes prepared from four HTLV-III isolates made in three different countries are equally sensitive to neutralization by positive sera, including sera from patients yielding two of the virus isolates.     

An HTLV-III peptide produced by recombinant DNA is immunoreactive with sera from patients with AIDS

Human T-cell lymphotropic retrovirus type III (HTLV-III), also called lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), has been identified as the aetiological agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The sera of most patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complexes, and of asymptomatic individuals infected with HTLV-III, contain antibodies against antigens of HTLV-III. The characterization of these antibodies and their corresponding viral antigens is important not only for understanding immunity against HTLV-III and the pathology of AIDS, but also for the development of diagnostic methods and preventive vaccine for AIDS. Following the successful establishment of a long-term T-cell line permissive for HTLV-III replication, large quantities of virus have been produced, facilitating the purification of viral proteins and the development of mouse monoclonal antibodies against several viral antigens. More recently, the structure of HTLV-III proviral DNA has been elucidated. We now report the production, by genetic engineering methods, of a peptide encoded by a gene segment of HTLV-III. A 1.1-kilobase (kb) EcoRI DNA segment from an isolate of HTLV-III was inserted into a lpp and lac promoter-coupled expression vector, pIN-III-ompA. Escherichia coli transformants of this plasmid produced a peptide of relative molecular mass (Mr) 15,000 (15K) which was strongly immunoreactive with anti-HTLV-III antibodies present in sera from AIDS patients. Lysates of the clones expressing this 15K peptide inhibited the reactivity of the p31 virion protein with AIDS sera, suggesting that it is a fragment of the viral p31 protein. The peptide reacted with sera from all 20 AIDS patients but none of the 8 normal controls tested. These results suggest that the peptide may be useful for detecting anti-HTLV-III antibodies in blood samples.     

高通量抗体芯片研究AILD血清炎性因子表达特征

利用微阵列抗体芯片技术检测53例自身免疫性肝病(AILD)患者血清中20种辅助性T细胞相关炎性因子的表达水平,结合肝功能临床生化数据,分析炎性因子的表达特征和差异性.高通量抗体芯片检测结果显示:AIH-PBC OS患者血清中IL-4和TGFβ1表达量水平显著高于PBC组(P0.05),AIH-PBC OS患者血清中IL-4表达量水平显著高于健康对照组(P0.05),PBC患者血清中IL-4和TGFβ1表达量水平显著低于健康对照组(P0.05).PBC患者血清中TGFβ1表达量与ALT(r=-0.6301,P=0.0135)、AST(r=-0.7443,P=0.0030)呈显著负相关.结果表明:IL-4和TGFβ1在AIH-PBC OS患者和PBC患者血清中表达量差异(P0.05)和TGFβ1表达量与AILD患者肝功能指标间的相关性为筛选具有临床检验、诊断、治疗和预后监测意义的AILD相关细胞因子奠定了基础.     

脑室一腹腔分流术治疗外伤性脑积水43例分析

目的探讨外伤性脑积水的诊断方法、脑室腹腔分流术的临床应用及并发症的防治.方法对43例外伤性脑积水脑室腹腔分流术后的病人进行临床总结,并结合文献复习.结果脑室腹腔分流术治疗外伤性脑积水,无直接手术死亡者,74%的病人获得较好的疗效;分流装置的阻塞及术后感染是最常见的并发症.结论脑室腹腔分流术操作简便、安全可靠、疗效肯定、并发症少,是治疗外伤性脑积水的首选方法.     

优化的热启动PCR—限制性酶切法检测冠心病患者？…

改进传统的载脂蛋白Ｅ基因多态性检测方法，建立热启动聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性检测分析方法。方法：应用热启动ＰＣＲ－限制性内切酶酶切－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳－固定银染法测定１５８例冠心病患者和１１６例正常对照者的ＡｐｏＥ基因型。