PET—PTT共聚酯的热降解行为

采用热失重分析(TGA)和裂解气相质谱(Py-GC/MS)研究不同组成的PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)-PTT(聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯)共聚酯的热降解行为,并与PET和PTT均聚物作了比较.TGA结果表明,PET-PTT共聚酯的热稳定性介于均聚物PTT与PET之间,并随PET组分的增加而提高.利用Py-GC/MS得到PET-PTT共聚酯及均聚物的裂解产物的结构及分布,探讨PTT降解机理,并推测PET-PTT共聚酯的可能降解过程.发现PET-PTT共聚酯分解过程中产生了不同于PET和PTT裂解产物的组分,但不同组分的含量很小,这可能是由共聚酯中PTT(PET)序列长度较短所致.PET-PTT共聚酯在裂解过程中比PET和PTT均聚物产生了更多的挥发性产物.当PTT(PET)在共聚酯中的摩尔分数增大时由该链段降解产生的产物质量分数相应提高.     

PET/LCP反应性共混物序列结构与热性能的关系

利用2H－NMR方法对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）和热致性液晶共聚酯60PHB／PET（LCP）体系在少量扩链剂双（2－恶唑啉）BOZ存在下形成的反应性共混物的序列长度进行表征，并研究序列长度对共混物热性能的影响，研究表明PET和PHB的序列长度均随共混时间的延长和温度的提高而降低，且在相同温度下，含扩链剂BOZ的共混体系的序列长度比不含BOZ的体系小，表明BOZ对酯交换起促进作用，共混物组分中PET的熔点Tm和熔体结晶工Tmc均随序列长度（LPET)的增大而降低，而冷结晶温度Tcc却升高。     

在线热裂解-气相色谱/质谱联用技术分析葫芦巴净油的热裂解产物

采用在线热裂解-气相色谱/质谱(Py-GC/MS)联用技术研究了氦气氛围中葫芦巴净油在300、400、500、600、700、800℃下的热裂解行为。结果表明:1在上述条件下共鉴定出86种裂解产物,主要是酯、酸、醇、烯烃类化合物;2裂解温度低于500℃时,检测到的成分基本相同;3裂解温度从600℃升至800℃,检测到危害性的苯系物种类增多、相对含量增大。此外,对葫芦巴净油裂解产物的致香机理和苯系物的形成机理进行了简单讨论。     

PBs/PET共混体系的制备与表征

以丁二酸、丁二醇为原料,通过直接缩聚反应合成了高分子量聚丁二酸丁二醇酯。并将聚丁二酸丁二醇酯 (PBS)同聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (PET)在不同温度下熔融共混。测定了不同组分共混物的熔点和水降解性。聚合物熔融峰随着共混时间的增加渐渐的下移。这说明PBS和PET热降解和酯交换反应随着共混温度的增加而同时发生。共混物的降解性与芳香组分的含量和链段长度都有关。     

PET/PEN共混物的热分解行为及其动力学

研究了惰性气氛下聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)/聚对萘二甲酸乙二酯(PEN)共混物的非等温热分解行为及其动力学.研究发现,不同PET/PEN共混物的热降解为一个主要的热分解过程,热分解反应为一级反应.随着共混物中PEN质量分数的增加,共混物的起始分解温度逐渐升高,共混物的热稳定性逐渐提高,而且共混物的热分解反应活化能也逐渐增加,这是由于PEN分子链中萘环的热分解温度比PET中苯环高,因此分子链的热稳定性比PET要高.共混物中萘环的化学组成含量越高,则热稳定性愈高.     

聚磷酸酯阻燃剂对PET结晶行为及形态结构的影响

采用共混法制备了不同磷含量的阻燃聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(poly(ethylene terephthalate),PET)样品,差示扫描量热(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)和Avrami方法研究了该阻燃体系的等温结晶动力学。原子力显微镜(atomic force microscope,AFM)、偏光显微镜(polarized optical microscopy,POM)和X射线衍射仪(Xray diffraction,XRD)分析了共混体系的晶体形貌、尺寸和结构。结果表明:阻燃剂的加入没有改变PET的成核机理,其初级结晶均为二维盘状和三维球晶生长;少量阻燃剂的加入可以在PET中起到异相成核作用,晶粒尺寸减小,结晶速率加快。     

聚酯类热致性液晶的合成与其反应性共混的热性能改性

以联苯二氯苄制备的对联苯二甲酰氯和1．6～已二醇为单体合成了热致型主链液晶高分子,并以此液晶高分子与对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)在少量扩链剂双2-恶唑啉(BOZ)存在下进行反应性共混．探讨了单体摩尔比、反应温度、催化剂等因素对液晶合成的影响．利用红外光谱对对联苯二甲酸和聚酯液晶进行了表征,用DSC对聚酯液晶进行了热分析．研究了对反应性共混条件对共混物热性能的影响．结果表明,BOZ对酯交换的促进作用使玻璃化温度(Tg)升高,延长共混时间和提高共混温度使冷结晶温度(Tcr)升高,溶体结晶温度(Tmc)和熔点(Tm)下降。     

TGA/SDTA、DSC和Py-GC-MS分析叶醇糖苷热降解性质

为了开发热稳定型香原料,采用热重分析／同步差热分析法（TGA／SDTA）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）和在线热裂解气相色谱质谱法（Py—GC—MS）对叶醇糖苷的热降解行为及产物进行了研究．TG—DTC曲线显示主要失重区间在230—370℃,峰值为339．8℃,总失重96．9％;DTA显示在290—360℃有一个吸热峰,峰值为339．8℃;DSC显示230～340℃为吸热区间,峰值为301．3℃;Py—GC—MS测定了在200,350,500,650℃各温度下叶醇糖苷裂解的主要产物．在200℃,裂解量很少,350℃时则产生大量的叶醇和少量副产物,随着温度的升高,500℃和650℃时产生的副产物增加,使叶醇糖苷释放叶醇的最佳温度是350℃;热裂解的特征产物是叶醇,说明主要的裂解反应是氧糖苷键的断裂．     

PET/PBT共混物和P(ET—BT)共聚物化学结构的各种分析方法研究

本文用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振氢谱(~1H-NMR)、核磁共振碳谱(~(13)C-NMR)、差示扫描量热谱(DSC)、裂解色谱(PGC)和化学降解色谱(CDC)研究了PET/PBT共混物和P(ET-BT)共聚物的化学结构及其热转变,讨论了各种方法的适用性。结果表明,PGC和CDC法是组分分析最可靠的方法。~(13)C-NMR法是鉴别共混和共聚链结构的最有效手段。对于组分比的测定,CDC法最灵敏,PET和PBT的检测极限为0.5％,相对标准偏差<1％。     

PET／PEN扩链反应共混的研究——结晶与熔融行为

用差示扫描量热法（DSC）研究了PET／PEN扩链反应性共混物体系的热性能,对共混比例、温度和时间对热性能的影响进行了讨论,并进一步考察了序列结构变化和热性能的关系。结果表明,不同比例的PET／PEN都呈现出一个玻璃化温度,即PET、PEN在无定形态是相混溶的;冷结晶温度和熔融温度与共混比例、共混时间、温度等因素密切有关。PET／PEN50／50即使共混短时间,亦不结晶。其他比例共混物随共混时间的增加,冷结晶温度升高,熔点下降,与序列长度变化有关,当序列长度小于7时,冷结晶峰消失。当酯交换大于30％时熔融峰消失。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to