二氧化碳两相冷却系统的特性

将CO2作为新型机械泵驱动两相流冷却系统的循环工质研究其在两相区的工作特性.在对该系统的各个重要组成器件和工作原理进行阐述后,通过实验对系统在变热负荷变流量条件下的动态响应特性进行研究,并由实验数据对储液器与主回路之间的热质交换进行分析.结果表明:由于系统参数和边界条件的改变引起储液器内气液相界面的震动,使得系统的绝对压力有所变化,从而引起储液器内处于两相状态工质温度的变化,而储液器的温度决定了蒸发器的温度,所以在流量改变和热负荷变化的时候蒸发器内工质会产生温度的脉动;由于CO2具有稳定的化学性质和良好的热力学特性,特别是在饱和态下比其他制冷剂更小的液/气密度比,使其作为机械泵驱动环路式热管系统的循环工质不仅减小了系统的设计体积和质量,而且能够实现长距离复杂回路小温度梯度均匀的散热效果和稳定的工作状态.     

小型CPL启动与运行特性的实验研究

研制了蒸发器外径为11mm的小型CPL，实验测试了系统的启动性能与稳态运行特征. 实验结果显示，小型 CPL在不同加热功率条件下均可正常启动，可在加热负荷突然变化的条件下正常运行，显示出小型CPL具有优良的运行特征. 另外，实验表明储液器设定温度的突然改变、工质充灌量的不足对小型CPL的正常启动有不利影响.     

机械泵驱动两相冷却系统工作点温度控制

对系统的控温原理和主要方法进行理论阐述,从而确定采用对储液器温度的主动式控温方法实现对蒸发段工作温度的控制思路.提出"回路直接冷却"和"半导体制冷片--系统回路协同工作"这2种储液器温度控制方法,并且对其控温精度和降温速度等技术进行实验研究.结果表明,改进前,采用"冷回路"向储液器漏热并结合加热器实现温度控制的设计方案控温精度仅为±0.4℃,且在需要快速降低蒸发段工作温度时较难实现;改进后,采用半导体制冷片同系统管路协同运行的方法不仅可控性大大增加,而且降温速度从原来的0.12℃/min提高到0.36℃/min.在模拟外太空边界温度波动幅度的条件下,改进前、后温度控制方法蒸发段的控制精度分别为±0.4℃和±0.1℃,从而克服了该类系统在工作温度控制中降温速度慢、控温精度低的缺点,并可推广到热管、毛细泵驱动回路等类似的航空航天两相冷却系统中.     

HCPV用平板式环路热管实验研究

设计了一种用于高倍聚光光伏太阳能电池(HCPV)散热的混合烧结芯平板式环路热管,并实验研究了负荷、倾角、冷凝器参数等对热管启动和运行性能的影响.实验表明,该热管基本可满足HCPV负荷及安装角度要求,热面温度100℃内的最大负荷可达320 W(热流密度为40 W/cm2).蒸发器和储液器、蒸发器和冷凝器相对位置对热管性能影响很大.当储液器在蒸发器下方时启动更容易;冷凝器在蒸发器上方时低负荷启动温度下降.可通过减少冷凝器内冷却水流量,提升热管反重力运行的启动能力.     

新型平板式CPL系统的设计与实验

设计并研制了一种新型平板式CPL系统.在所设计的新型平板式CPL系统中,蒸发器和冷凝器均采用带有毛细芯的平板式结构.蒸发器的设计借鉴了LHP蒸发器的设计,在回流液体人口侧设计了由纵横十字槽道构成的液体补偿腔,以提高系统的稳定性以及高热流密度工作特性;冷凝器采用新型的三通道平板式结构,以改善系统的启动特性和稳定性.在系统的构成方面,贮液器通过两条通道和系统回路进行流体交换;贮液器和冷凝器相连;贮液器和回流液体管道相连.针对所设计的新型平板式CPL系统建立了试验系统,进行了启动和变工况等运行特性试验.实验证明:该系统在高、低热负荷下都具有可靠、简便的启动特性,稳定的变工况运行性能.     

平行流蒸发器客车空调及其分液方式

为提高客车空调系统的运行效率,设计了平行流蒸发器.针对平行流蒸发器客车空调系统中的分液问题,在阀后采用分液器分液方式的基础上,提出了阀前分液并且通过4个热力膨胀阀单独控制各蒸发器过热度的改进分液方式.通过实验验证了平行流蒸发器在客车空调上应用的可行性及优势;阀后采用分液器分液方式下各蒸发器的出口温度分别为7.9,23.3,13.3和15.3℃,而改进分液方式下各蒸发器的出口温度分别为11.5,12.6,14.2和11.0℃,改进后各蒸发器出口温度的均匀性有较大提高,从而有效改善了多流路蒸发器的分配不均现象.     

毛细抽吸两相环内温度压力稳定性分析

毛细抽吸两相流体回路 (CPL)是一种在航天领域具有广阔应用前景的高效相变换热装置 ,然而 CPL 系统内存在的温度压力波动现象严重地制约了其应用。为此建立了一个描述 CPL 系统工作不稳定性的数理模型 ,模型由 12个方程组成 ,包括分别针对蒸发器中蒸汽和液芯中液体的两组非稳态的质量、能量、动量守恒方程及其它补充方程。模型的模拟和分析表明 ,模型能够模拟系统的稳态、非稳态运行工况、临界振荡现象等。得出了系统温度、压力、焓值、热流密度、蒸汽质量流速、液体质量流速、蒸发质量流速、毛细半径等参数随时间变化的动态曲线 ,理论计算结果与实验结果基本吻合。根据理论计算结果分析了各种参数对系统性能的不同影响 ,并提出了改善 CPL系统稳定性的建议     

CCPL启动特性的理论分析

建立了CCPL系统的瞬态理论模型,整个模型由相互耦合的热力学模型和动力学模型构成,在蒸发器中考虑了毛细芯与液体工质的非热平衡.运用热网络法模拟了CCPL系统的启动过程,分析了影响CCPL启动的几个关键因素.数值计算结果表明储液器中的温度及压力波动是引起CCPL系统启动失效的主要原因.     

CCPL启动特性的理论分析

建立了CCPL系统的瞬态理论模型，整个模型由相互耦合的热力学模型和动力学模型构成，在蒸发器中考虑了毛细芯与液体工质的非热平衡. 运用热网络法模拟了CCPL系统的启动过程，分析了影响CCPL启动的几个关键因素. 数值计算结果表明储液器中的温度及压力波动是引起CCPL系统启动失效的主要原因.     

平板型环路热管启动特性数值模拟

针对目前电子设备日益轻薄化的特点,以结构厚度更小的铜-水链式平板型环路热管为研究对象,研究了不同热负荷、不同充液率、不同倾角对其启动特性的影响.基于VOF多相流模型和多孔介质模型建立了蒸发器与储液器内的气液两相传热传质三维非稳态模型,对其启动过程进行了数值模拟,对毛细芯内部相变过程以及蒸发器内具有代表性的点的状态进行了...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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