听觉条件下蒙古语元音和谐的偏侧化分析

文章研究记录了被试在无意识状态下(给被试播放无声无字幕电影,并要求被试忽略所听到的声音)感知蒙古语元音和谐的脑电数据,以探讨听觉条件下大脑对蒙古语元音和谐的ERP反映情况.对比不同变化条件下的脑电数据(蒙古语元音:和谐与不和谐;紧元音:和谐与不和谐;松元音:和谐与不和谐),以进行偏侧化实验.分析结果显示:1在听觉条件下,以Oddball范式呈现不和谐元音作为偏差刺激,和谐元音作为标准刺激.不管是紧元音、松元音还是蒙古语元音,均未诱发明显的MMN和P300.2被试感知刺激时所激活的脑区集中在额叶、中央区和颞叶.但感知强度有所不同,大脑对紧元音的感知强度相比松元音和蒙古语元音的要弱,而松元音和蒙古语元音的感知强度较为相近.     

大脑皮层对飞机飞越噪声的认知机制

为了研究人类大脑皮层对飞机飞越噪声的表达机制,采用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)技术,选择25例正常健康受试者,观察在飞机飞越噪声刺激时大脑功能区的激活情况,通过对数据进行统计学处理以及脑功能区定位,结果表明:25例受试者在飞机飞越噪声刺激时大脑显著激活了视觉联合皮层、前额叶皮层、初级运动皮层以及与认知记忆相关的脑区等.飞机飞越噪声刺激下,大脑皮层听觉区域不仅参与了听觉处理,可能还涉及消极情绪、认知、注意、记忆等区域反应.     

事件相关电位中P300成分的提取及分析研究

本论文中以实验为基础来研究P300,实验采用诱发P300的经其实验模式——Oddball模式,通过视觉刺激诱发得到P300波形。ERP数据的分析以时域的数据统计分析为主,从中提取了ERP信号中P300成分的两个特征参量——幅值和潜伏期,并时不同捌激序列诱发产生的P300,不同被试或同一被试在不同导联处的P300的特征参量进行分析对比。发现随着刺激序列难度的增加,P300的潜伏期延长。P300的幅值在大脑顶区达到最大值,并通过ERP的电压地形图分析对上述结果进行对比印证。     

玻尔兹曼常数的Multisim仿真实验测试

PN结正向扩散电流随正向电压按指数规律变化,这是PN结的物理特性,也是玻尔兹曼常数实验测试原理,按照FD-PN-2型PN结物理特性测定仪所给出的实验线路及元器件型号,在计算机上应用Multisim仿真软件构建虚拟仿真实验电路进行虚拟实验,给出了Multisim仿真实验方案及参数设置方法.在仿真实验中,通过调整可变电阻改变三极管发射结上的电压,以实现输出电压的改变.对得到的数据,用最小二乘法进行线性回归、乘幂回归和指数回归,对比标准偏差、相关系数,分析实验数据与几种函数的拟合情况,确定拟合的曲线为指数规律变化曲线,在室温条件下,计算玻尔兹曼常数的结果与公认值相当接近.该虚拟仿真实验测试电路简洁,实验过程直观明了,电压调节方便,数据计算结果较为精确,有助于学生创建良好的仿真实验环境,提升实验水平和教学效果.     

视、听偏差刺激选择性注意的ERPs研究

本实验采用了视听双通道伪同时呈现的oddball模式,以汉字和简单几何图形为视觉刺激,1000Hz和800Hz的纯音为听觉刺激,使用注意通道(注意和非注意条件)×刺激概率(偏差刺激概率均为15%,标准刺激的概率均为85%)的2×2因素设计,来研究视觉和听觉偏差刺激在注意和非注意条件下诱发的事件相关电位(ERPs)。实验中视觉和听觉刺激随机序列地呈现给被试(刺激间隔ISI为700～1300ms),被试被要求注意某一通道如视觉通道,而相应地忽视另一通道即听觉通道,以左右手触键反应,如左手反应视觉偏差刺激,右手反应视觉标准刺激。结果表明,听觉偏差刺激在注意和非注意条件下均诱发了类似的不匹配负波(MMN);而视觉偏差刺激在注意和非注意条件下没有诱发MMN或类似MMN的成分,这是因为视觉系统的平行加工特性和难以对视觉影像产生记忆痕迹。听觉偏差刺激在注意条件下重迭了N2b成分并跟随了P3a成分,这种重迭和跟随反映了选择注意中的定向反应。注意条件下听觉和视觉的偏差刺激诱发了较大波幅的P300成分,反映了工作记忆中的表象更新。本实验的结果支持Naatanen对MMN所做的观察,听觉偏差刺激所诱发的MMN与注意条件的无关性反映了听觉通道中感觉刺激特征的自动化加工。     

基于fMRI与MEG数据融合的大脑语言处理的激活分析

本文对同一组被试进行相同的语言实验任务,同时采集被试的功能磁共振图像数据和脑磁数据,通过对两种神经成像技术进行融合,弥补两种方法在分辨率上各自存在的不足.本实验采用fMRI-MEG数据融合的方法对采集的数据进行处理,得到了具有高时空分辨率的信号,从而能够更加精确地对大脑在处理语言任务时的激活区域进行定位.通过激活区域分析,更好地理解大脑在处理语言任务时的工作机制.由本实验可以推断大脑在处理语言任务的过程是:听觉冲动首先传导到听觉区域并产生听觉,同时韦尼克区会强烈激活,随后神经传导到运动性语言中枢控制所有与运动有关的皮质以做出相应的反应.     

基于P300的脑-机接口: 视觉刺激强度对性能的影响

脑-机接口(BCI)是大脑与外部世界直接的交流通道.为了研究视觉刺激强度对基于P300的脑-机接口性能的影响,设计并实现了一种基于5个选择oddball的P300诱发电位范式的脑-机接口系统,并在此系统中研究2种不同强度下视觉刺激(高强度和低强度)下脑-机接口的信息传输率差异.9名受试者参加了实验,每位受试者在高低2种强度视觉刺激下各采集40组数据,数据在预处理后使用支持向量机进行分类,最终的目标识别率分别为84%和81%.平均波形表明在所设计的范式下2种强度视觉刺激均可以诱发出稳健的P300电位,离线分析表明高强度视觉刺激下平均信息传输率可以达到4.9 bit/min, 而低强度视觉刺激下为 4.5 bit/min.     

人眼明度视觉空间频率传递特性的研究

为描述人眼视觉系统对空间复杂颜色刺激的信息处理机制,研究人眼视觉系统空间频率信息传递的多通道特性.设计心理物理实验,测量人眼视觉系统在感知均匀色空间CIELAB明度通道上的对比度敏感度数据.实验选取明度轴上5个明度值作为颜色样本,制作明度对比度随正弦波频率调制的图像刺激序列,挑选正常视觉观察者,采集5个明度样本的12个空间频率的对比度敏感度数据.对实验数据进行相关性分析发现:单个明度样本的不同空间频率对应的观察值之间是非线性相关的;随着明度样本数量增多,观察值之间的线性相关性增强.因此,人眼视觉系统对明度颜色通道的信息处理机制可用线性模型描述;明度颜色通道的空间频率传递特性可用3条空间频率调谐曲线表征;3条空间频率调谐曲线作用的频段不同,峰值不同,表现了人眼视觉系统具有不同的空间频率感受野.      

骨传导听觉脑机接口技术研究

听觉脑机接口技术为视觉通路存在障碍的闭锁综合征患者提供了与外界交流的新通道.为了使空气传导通路受损的病患也能应用此项技术,本文将声音骨传导方式引入到听觉脑机接口实验研究中.本研究设计了左右耳分别呈现不同声音序列的双耳分听实验范式,对骨传导及空气传导方式所诱发脑电信号进行了特征提取和分类比较.实验结果表明两种传导方式下靶刺激均可稳定的诱发出N200与P300电位,骨传导方式下,N200的幅值较空气传导方式更显著.两种方式都获得较高的分类正确率,均可用于听觉脑机接口系统,且骨传导方式优于空气传导方式.     

The Effects of Selective Attention on ERPs Elicited by Visual & Auditory Deviant Stimuli

本实验采用了视听双通道伪同时呈现的ｏｄｄｂａｌ模式,以汉字和简单几何图形为视觉刺激,１０００Ｈｚ和８００Ｈｚ的纯音为听觉刺激,使用注意通道（注意和非注意条件）×刺激概率（偏差刺激概率均为１５％,标准刺激的概率均为８５％）的２×２因素设计,来研究视觉和听觉偏差刺激在注意和非注意条件下诱发的事件相关电位（ＥＲＰｓ）。实验中视觉和听觉刺激随机序列地呈现给被试（刺激间隔ＩＳＩ为７００～１３００ｍｓ）,被试被要求注意某一通道如视觉通道,而相应地忽视另一通道即听觉通道,以左右手触键反应,如左手反应视觉偏差刺激,右手反应视觉标准刺激。结果表明,听觉偏差刺激在注意和非注意条件下均诱发了类似的不匹配负波（ＭＭＮ）;而视觉偏差刺激在注意和非注意条件下没有诱发ＭＭＮ或类似ＭＭＮ的成分,这是因为视觉系统的平行加工特性和难以对视觉影像产生记忆痕迹。听觉偏差刺激在注意条件下重迭了Ｎ２ｂ成分并跟随了Ｐ３ａ成分,这种重迭和跟随反映了选择注意中的定向反应。注意条件下听觉和视觉的偏差刺激诱发了较大波幅的Ｐ３００成分,反映了工作记忆中的表象更新。本实验的结果支持Ｎａａｔａｎｅｎ对ＭＭＮ所做的观察,听觉偏差刺激所诱发的ＭＭＮ与注意条件的无关性反映     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that