白芷悬浮培养细胞外21KD钙调素结合蛋白的鉴定及纯化

利用生物素－ＣａＭ凝胶覆盖技术，在白芷悬浮培养细胞外检测一个分子量为２１ＫＤ的钙调素结合蛋白（ＣａＭｂｐ），并用ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００凝胶过滤柱，ＣＭ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ阳离子交换柱层析将其纯化。     

植物钙调素的分离纯化及其特性研究

本文以烟草愈伤组织和花椰菜这花序为材料，分离纯化钙调素。所得ＣａＭ的纯度用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ鉴定；生物活性用其对牛心肌环腺苷酸磷二酯酶（ＰＤＥ）的激活作用测定（ＣａＭ）的产量用酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）测定。并比较了上Ｐｈｎｅｙｌ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ－４Ｂ柱前对ＣａＭ溶液的不同处理。纯化的烟草愈伤组织和菜花ＣａＭ，具有牛脑ＣａＭ所特有的一些性质。它对牛心肌ＰＤＥ有明显激活作用，在含有Ｃａ＾２＋     

动物体液中的胞外钙调素结合蛋白

利用以生物素标记钙调素为探针的凝胶覆盖技术检测动物体液中胞外钙调素结合蛋白（ＣａＭＢＰ）。证明了动物中普遍存在胞外ＣａＭＢＰｓ，为胞外钙调素的作用机理提供了新线索。     

动物体液中的胞外钙调素结合蛋白（快报）

利用以生物素标记钙调素为探针的凝胶覆盖技术检测动物体液中胞外钙调素结合蛋白（ＣａＭＢＰ）。结果，人的唾液中检测到至少３种分子量分别为１４ｋＤ，２４ｋＤ和５２ｋＤ的ＣａＭＢＰｓ。其中，５２ｋＤ蛋白与ＣａＭ的结合依赖于Ｃａ２＋的存在，而２４ｋＤ和１４ｋＤ蛋白则不依赖于Ｃａ２＋。在鸡血清里，检测到以９４ｋＤ，４４／４５ｋＤ蛋白为主的４～５种胞外ＣａＭＢＰｓ，所有的这些蛋白与ＣａＭ的结合都依赖于Ｃａ２－。此外，在牛奶中也检出胞外ＣａＭＢＰｓ。以上结果，证明了在动物中普遍存在胞外ＣａＭＢＰｓ，为胞外钙调素的作用机理提供了新线索。     

白芷愈伤组织的电镜制样技术及超微结构观察

研究改进了白芷愈伤组织培养细胞的电镜制样技术，用透射电镜及扫描电镜进行了超微结构观察。     

钙调蛋白与酸枣仁皂甙A作用的~1H核磁共振谱研究

利用高分辨的１Ｈ核磁共振技术研究了 Ｃａ２＋对钙调蛋白（ＣａＭ）分子构象的影响以及酸枣仁皂甙 Ａ与 ＣａＭ的作用机制。研究结果表明；随着 Ｃａ２＋的加入． ＣａＭ分子的构象处于不断的变化之中。前两个Ｃａ２＋的加入主要结合在ＣａＭ的第Ⅲ，ⅣＣａ２＋结合位点（Ｃ结构域）上，后两个Ｃａ２＋的加入，则主要结合在ＣａＭ分子的第Ⅰ，Ⅱ Ｃａ２＋结合位点（Ｎ结构域〕上：酸枣仁皂甙 Ａ在 ＣａＭ上也有两类结合位点，一类是位于 ＣａＭ分子 Ｎ结构域上，只能结合一个药物分子的高亲合点；另一类是位于ＣａＭ分子Ｃ结构域上的至少能结合两个药物分子的低亲合点。     

植物胞外CaM调节机理初探

利用ＮＡＤ激酶法和平衡透析法,作者研究了不同ｐＨ条件对Ｃａ＾２＋,钙调素（ＣａＭ）的结合能力及ＣａＭ激活ＮＡＤ激酶的影响。结果发现：Ｈ＾＋不仅能降低Ｃａ＾２＋与ＣａＭ的结合能力而且还能显著抑制ＣａＭ对ＮＡＤ激酶的激活。本实验证实了酸性条件下不利于ＣａＭ的活性状态的转变,即ｐＨ值低时激活ＣａＭ需要更多的Ｃａ＾２＋。此研究结果为植物胞外ＣａＭ的活性状态的转变,即ｐＨ值低时激活ＣａＭ需要更多的Ｃａ＾２＋     

钙离子拮抗剂治疗高血压病患者过程中细胞内外钙调素水平的变化

从分子水平研究钙离子拮抗剂治疗高血压病的机制,用反转录聚合酶链反应法测定淋巴细胞内钙调素（ＣａＭ）基因的ｍＲＮＡ转录水平以及用ＲＩＡ法测定细胞外（即血清）ＣａＭ浓度,借以观察在用钙离子拮抗剂治疗高血压的过程中,细胞内外ＣａＭ水平的改变,发现随着正规服用钙拮抗剂治疗时间的延长,高血压患者淋巴细胞内ＣａＭ基因ｍＲＮＡ的转录水平亦受到抑制,服用钙拮抗剂时间长于３个月者ｍＲＮＡ的转录水平显著降低（Ｐ〈０．     

钙离子拮抗剂治疗高血压病患者过程中细胞内外钙调素水平的变化

从分子水平研究钙离子拮抗剂治疗高血压病的机制。用反转录聚合酶链反应法测定淋巴细胞内钙调素（ＣａＭ）基因的ｍＲＮＡ转录水平以及用ＲＩＡ法测定细胞外（即血清）ＣａＭ浓度,借以观察在用钙离子拮抗剂治疗高血压的过程中,细胞内外ＣａＭ水平的改变。发现随着正规服用钙拮抗剂治疗时间的延长,高血压患者淋巴细胞内ＣａＭ基因ｍＲＮＡ的转录水平亦受到抑制。服用钙拮抗剂时间长于３个月者,ｍＲＮＡ的转录水平显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而治疗时间在１个月之内者,ＣａＭ基因的转录水平无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）。对于细胞外ＣａＭ的水平,在服用钙拮抗剂治疗时间＜１个月者,血清ＣａＭ浓度下降,而长期服用钙拮抗剂的患者则相对增高,但均无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在用钙拮抗剂治疗高血压的过程中,细胞内和细胞外ＣａＭ的水平均发生变化。用钙离子拮抗剂治疗高血压病长于３个月者,细胞内ＣａＭ基因的ｍＲＮＡ转录水平明显受到抑制,而细胞外ＣａＭ浓度则无论服用钙离子拮抗剂时间长短,变化均不显著     

钙调素分子进化的研究

本文以计算机为工具，对不同生物来源钙调素一级结构全序列保守性和变异性进行了数量分析，并与细胞色素ｃ的保守性进行了比较，表明ＣａＭ保守性强于同类生物的细胞色素ｃ；同时对钙调素分子的进化速率进行了比较，发现钙调素是除组蛋白和Ｕｂｉｑｕｉｔｉｎ以外目前已知最保守的蛋白质     

Calmodulin bifurcates the local Ca2+ signal that modulates P/Q-type Ca2+ channels

Acute modulation of P/Q-type (alpha1A) calcium channels by neuronal activity-dependent changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration may contribute to short-term synaptic plasticity, potentially enriching the neurocomputational capabilities of the brain. An unconventional mechanism for such channel modulation has been proposed in which calmodulin (CaM) may exert two opposing effects on individual channels, initially promoting ('facilitation') and then inhibiting ('inactivation') channel opening. Here we report that such dual regulation arises from surprising Ca2+-transduction capabilities of CaM. First, although facilitation and inactivation are two competing processes, both require Ca2+-CaM binding to a single 'IQ-like' domain on the carboxy tail of alpha1A; a previously identified 'CBD' CaM-binding site has no detectable role. Second, expression of a CaM mutant with impairment of all four of its Ca2+-binding sites (CaM1234) eliminates both forms of modulation. This result confirms that CaM is the Ca2+ sensor for channel regulation, and indicates that CaM may associate with the channel even before local Ca2+ concentration rises. Finally, the bifunctional capability of CaM arises from bifurcation of Ca2+ signalling by the lobes of CaM: Ca2+ binding to the amino-terminal lobe selectively initiates channel inactivation, whereas Ca2+ sensing by the carboxy-terminal lobe induces facilitation. Such lobe-specific detection provides a compact means to decode local Ca2+ signals in two ways, and to separately initiate distinct actions on a single molecular complex.     

花椰菜胞外钙调素的性质及促进植物生长作用

花椰菜胞外钙调素的性质及促进植物生长作用刘德龙杨燕生孙大业（中山大学化学系，广州５１０２７５）（河北师范大学生物系）关键词花椰菜，胞外钙调素，花粉萌发，花粉管伸长分类号Ｑ９４２．６钙调素（ＣａＭ）是普遍存在于真核细胞中的一种重要的多功能胞内钙受体，...     

钙调素参与植物线粒体琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）活性调节的研究

对纯化的玉米线粒体ＳＤＨ进行ＣａＭ含量测定电泳分析，对ＮＡＤＫ的激活及外源ＣａＭ对ＳＤＨ活性的影响研究，结果表明：ＳＤＨ中可能含ＣａＭ亚基，并且ＳＤＨ活性可能受Ｃａ（２＋）·ＣａＭ调节．     

Fluorescence Spectra Studies on the Interaction between Lanthanides and Calmodulin

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＬａｎｔｈａｎｉｄｅ (Ｌｎ3 )ｃａｎ ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆｃｒｏｐｓａｎｄｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｔｈｅｉｒｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ .Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ ,Ｌｎ3 ｃａｎａｌｓｏａｆｆｅｃｔａｎｉｍａｌｔｉｓｓｕｅｓａｎｄｈａｓｓｏｍｅｔｏｘｉｃｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓａｔｃｅｒｔａｉｎｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｓ[1] .ＴｈｅｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｂｙｗｈｉｃｈＬｎ3 ｅｘｅｒｔｓｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｒｅｍａｉｎｓｕｎｃｌｅａｒ.ＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔＬｎ3 ｃａｎｉ…     

Calmodulin modulation of ion channels and receptors

Ion channels and receptors are the structural basis for neural signaling and transmission. Recently, the function of ion channels and receptors has been demonstrated to be modulated by many intracellular and extracellular chemicals and signaling molecules. Increasing evidence indicates that the complexity and plasticity of the function of central nervous system is determined by the modulation of ion channels and receptors. Among various mechanisms, Ca 2+ signaling pathways play important roles in neuronal activity and some pathological changes. Ca 2+ influx through ion channels and receptors can modulate its further influx in a feedback way or modulate other ion channels and receptors. The common feature of the modulation is that Ca 2+ /calmodulin (CaM) is the universal mediator. CaM maintains the coordination among ion channels/receptors and intracellular Ca 2+ homeostasis by feedback modulation of ion channels/receptors activity. This review focuses on the modulating processes of ion channels and receptors mediated by CaM, and further elucidates the mechanisms of Ca 2+ signaling.     

电极电势对Au/CaM膜电化学行为的影响

采用交流阻抗的方法，在包含1mmol/L Fe(CN)^3-/4-6的0．15mol/L的NaCl溶液中，研究了不同电极电势对Au/CaM膜电化学行为的影响，结果表明，CaM的空间构型随电极电势的变化不断变化，且在一定电势范围内，随着电极电势的增大，CaM在Au表面的排列越致密。为利用电化学方法研究CaM在不同电场中的变化规律提供了新的思路。     

Calmodulin modulation of ion channels and receptors?

：Ion channels and receptors are the structural basis for neural signaling and transmission. Recently, the function of ion channels and receptors has been demonstrated to be modulated by many intracellular and extracellular chemicals and signaling molecules. Increasing evidence indicates that the complexity and plasticity of the function of central nervous system is determined by the modulation of ion channels and receptors. Among various mechanisms, Ca 2+ signaling pathways play important roles in neuronal activity and some pathological changes. Ca 2+ influx through ion channels and receptors can modulate its further influx in a feedback way or modulate other ion channels and receptors. The common feature of the modulation is that Ca 2+ /calmodulin (CaM) is the universal mediator. CaM maintains the coordination among ion channels/receptors and intracellular Ca 2+ homeostasis by feedback modulation of ion channels/receptors activity. This review focuses on the modulating processes of ion channels and receptors mediated by CaM, and further elucidates the mechanisms of Ca 2+ signaling.     

花椰菜钙调素和兔抗花椰菜钙调素的初步应用研究

用花椰菜ＣａＭ和兔抗花椰菜ＣａＭ建立了定量测定人血清中抗ＣａＭ自身抗体的间接ＥＬＩＳＡ方法．兔抗花椰菜ＣａＭ和兔抗牛脑ＣａＭ对花椰菜ＣａＭ有基本相同的亲和力．用花椰菜ＣａＭ和牛脑ＣａＭ作为检测抗原，测定人血清中抗ＣａＭ自身抗体得到同样的结果．临床检测１４２例多种疾病患者血清的结果显示，抗ＣａＭ自身抗体水平升高与类风湿性关节炎、全身性红斑狼疮、肝硬化、过敏性紫癜等疾病有密切关系