豫西地区的史前农业生产环境概况

用寺河南、二里头、新砦等新石器晚期遗址的环境指标,讨论了豫西地区的史前(4.2～3.5 kaBP)农业生产环境.寺河南遗址地层孢粉组合指标显示,该区龙山文化晚期气候暖湿,除粟作农业外还有一定的稻作农业生产;进入二里头时期气候趋于干旱,旱作农业快速发展.新砦、二里头遗址出土的动物骨骼C、N同位素数据表明,两个时期人们的食谱主要是C4类作物,畜牧业的进步表现在二里头时期肉食比例高于龙山时期.同时镰刀类工具代替斧铲类工具的事实表明,二里头晚期旱作农业已经相当成熟.     

长江三角洲南翼PJ孔岩芯沉积特征及环境指示意义

根据对长江三角洲南翼第四纪沉积物的磁化率、粒度、地球化学元素、色度等环境指标的综合分析,试图重建该地区全新世气候变化序列,可划分为五个冷暖旋回阶段:1)10.4~8.8kaBP末次冰期结束快速升温的早全新世;2)8.8~5.4kaBP温暖湿润的早中全新世;3)5.4~2.8kaBP频繁波动相对趋冷的中晚全新世;4)2.8~1.2kaBP气候有所回暖的晚全新世;5)1.2~0.4kaBP,气候快速变冷期。在此基础上,与中国西北及其他地区全新世研究成果对比分析,旨在说明长三角沉积物记录的全新世气候变化具有普遍性。     

蒋家山新石器遗址古地理环境分析

蒋家山文化遗址出土文物400多件,主要有石镞、网坠、石锛和石刀等,石器中含石玉.C14测定年龄最早为5070±150a.B.属新石器晚期遗址.根据钻孔资料分析和现场勘察,将家山文化遗址有居民生活区,部族首领生活和指挥区,燎望台等功能区.初步研究,该文化遗址为新石器晚期生活在太平盆地中的一个部落,其文明发展有3个活动期,期间有四个文化间断期,其文化变化的原因与古气候等古地理环境有关.     

青藏高原东北缘古降水重建与人类活动

青藏高原东北缘的自然环境对全球变化响应敏感,重建全新世中晚期的降水对过去全球变化研究具有意义.本文利用现代表土孢粉、化石孢粉和现代气候数据,采用GIS和现代类比法,重建了全新世中晚期百年分辨率的降水序列,并探讨了其与人类活动的关系.重建结果表明:6.3~5kaBP为典型湿润期,降水充沛,并在6.09kaBP达到最大值465mm,比现代降水量高约210mm;5~3.9kaBP为亚湿润期,平均降水量比现代高约65mm,但整体降水量在波动中下降;3.9~2.9kaBP为波动期,降水量急剧下降,较前一阶段减少约79mm;2.9kaBP以来降水量较为稳定,平均降水量与现代相当;其中有6个干湿事件,湿事件为6kaBP、4.1kaBP、1.6kaBP,干事件为4.9kaBP、3.8kaBP、2.8kaBP.降水量变化与植被覆盖和史前文化变迁关系密切.     

西安黄土台塬区全新世黄土磁化率古气候环境演变

通过对西安神禾塬鱼包头村和泾阳县新庄村典型剖面全新世黄土—古土壤地层的岩性描述、地层划分和对比,结合泾阳县新庄村AMS~(14)C的年代测定和其他学者的测年数据,建立了该地区全新世以来黄土沉积年代序列.根据磁化率气候替代指标在剖面上的变化规律以及该黄土剖面反映的东亚冬、夏季风强弱变化特点,详细分析了西安地区全新世以来环境变化的特征和规律,进而将该剖面磁化率曲线特征与其他学者的孢粉谱建立的温度曲线进行对比.对西安地区全新世以来古气候的阶段进行了划分,将西安地区10 000 a以来的气候演变划分为6个气候阶段:10.0~9.0 kaBP,冷温转换阶段;9.0~7.0 kaBP,暖冷波动阶段;7.0~5.0 kaBP,温暖阶段;5.0~3.4 kaBP,暖冷剧烈波动阶段;3.4~2.0 kaBP,气温先降后升阶段;2.0 kaBP至现在,温暖半湿润、半干旱阶段.     

中国北方地区环境演变对新石器文化发展的影响

通过对中国北方地区新石器文化遗址的14C数据和遗址分布特点与环境演变研究成果的对比研究得出:在暖湿气候条件下,中原文化北上,东部文化西进,新石器文化稳定发展;气候转为干冷时,新石器文化向东向南迁移.气候恶化导致北方地区"文化事件"频发,许多新石器文化发生更替现象.全新世气候环境演变,叠加在中国北方地区资源、环境的地带性特点以及新石器文化分布的背景之上,是中国北方地区新石器文化发展与文明形成的主要动力与机制.     

临汾盆地陶寺遗址附近全新世黄土剖面的环境指标分析

在对临汾盆地陶寺遗址北城墙外全新世黄土剖面粒度、磁化率、Rb/Sr值和CaCO3含量等气候指标进行分析的基础上,结合光释光测年结果和考古学资料,探讨该剖面记录的环境信息及其与文化发展的相互关系。研究发现:全新世早期(10.5~9.6 kaBP),东亚冬季风较弱,风化成壤作用增强,气候由凉干转向暖湿;全新世早中期(9.6~4.9 kaBP),风化成壤作用最强,气候最为暖湿;全新世中后期(4.9~2.5 kaBP),风化成壤作用较之前有所下降,气候较之前温干,但较现今暖湿;全新世晚期(2.5 kaBP)以来,东亚冬季风增强,风化成壤作用较弱,气候较为凉干。暖湿气候期与文化的繁荣发展时期有较好的对应关系,凉干气候期植被的退化可能受气候和人类活动共同作用的影响。     

辽东半岛新石器文化经济形态转化与环境变化的关系

辽东半岛的小珠山、后洼文化遗址是新石器时期辽南地区重要的文化遗址.通过对考古文化特征与渔猎—农耕经济的兴衰发展的分析,并结合孢粉、黄土等古气候指标对中国北方地区全新世气候变化进行的研究,同时叠加辽东半岛地区的海岸地质地形条件等特征,探讨了辽东半岛地区古文化与全新世环境演变的关系,揭示了该地区新石器时期以来文化受生产力发展的影响机制.5000 aB.P的寒冷期,人类应对气候突变的响应不同,直接导致小珠文化的兴盛与后洼文化的衰退.     

临汾盆地陶寺遗址附近全新世黄土剖面的环境指标分析

在对临汾盆地陶寺遗址北城墙外全新世黄土剖面粒度、磁化率、Rb/Sr值和CaCO₃含量等气候指标进行分析的基础上, 结合光释光测年结果和考古学资料, 探讨该剖面记录的环境信息及其与文化发展的相互关系。研究发现: 全新世早期(10.5~9.6 kaBP), 东亚冬季风较弱, 风化成壤作用增强, 气候由凉干转向暖湿; 全新世早中期(9.6~4.9 kaBP), 风化成壤作用最强, 气候最为暖湿; 全新世中后期(4.9~2.5 kaBP), 风化成壤作用较之前有所下降, 气候较之前温干, 但较现今暖湿; 全新世晚期(2.5 kaBP)以来, 东亚冬季风增强, 风化成壤作用较弱, 气候较为凉干。暖湿气候期与文化的繁荣发展时期有较好的对应关系, 凉干气候期植被的退化可能受气候和人类活动共同作用的影响。     

华阴马跑泉新石器文化遗址的发现及黄土地层划分

马跑泉新石器时代文化遗址位于陕西省华阴县西南侧之秦岭北麓。黄土地层中发掘出大量的陶器碎片、石器及骨器、炭屑等文化遗物。根据这些文化遗物的性质及木炭屑的~(14)C年龄数据初步确认:马跑泉文化遗址在时代上当属全新世早期,即新石器时代早期文化。这一发现丰富了该区新石器文化资料,并为黄土地层划分提供了新的依据。     

河南省土地利用变化空间分布特征研究

土地利用变化的研究是生态环境变化研究的重要基础,也是调控人类行为的科学决策依据.以河南省为研究区,在ArcGIS技术支持下,利用幅度变化模型和马尔科夫模型,对河南省1988—2008年20年间的土地利用动态变化进行分析,从不同角度揭示了土地利用变化及其空间分布特征.结果表明:①河南省耕地面积在不断减少,建设用地面积持续增加,土地利用结构动态变化正由温和型向加速变化型转变;②在各类土地类型转换中,耕地是参与转换比率最小的类型,主要原因就是耕地为河南的主要利用类型,占据了总面积的65%左右;③未利用地类型虽然面积及其比例均最小,但却是变化最为激烈的土地利用类型.     

Abnormal overpressure distribution and natural gas accumulation in foreland basins,Western China

Shizitan in Jixian County, Shanxi Province, is a site of transitional period from Paleolithic to Neolithic. The dating and the sporopollen analysis show that the middle reaches of the Yellow River where the site is located had been maintaining a steppe environment during 35.1-9.4 kaBP, in which, 35.1-17 kaBP belonged to the last glacial. With cold and dry climate, this period featured a desert steppe environment. In the late of this period, the area had a cold and half-humid steppe environment. The 17.0-11.9 kaBP belonged to the early- and mid-period of the last deglaciation. Mild and half-arid steppe alternates with mild and half-arid steppe, with a small amount of deciduous broadleaf species. During the period of 11.9-10.5 kaBP, cold and dry glacial climate appeared once more, featuring a desert steppe environment. During 10.5-9.4 kaBP, it is mild and half-arid, and later transited toward warm and half-humid. The early phase of this period featured a steppe environment and the later transited into a steppe environment with fairly more deciduous broadleaf species. Microlith, a mark of a transitional period from Paleolithic to Neolithic, was distributed mainly in 17.0-11.9 kaBP. The relatively warm, half-arid and fluctuating steppe environment in the early and medium period of the last deglaciation made a contribution to the appearance and development of Microlithic culture.     

新疆巴里坤湖 9.0cal.ka BP来沉积物地球化学元素分布特征与古气候环境演化

根据中国西北干旱区巴里坤湖BLK-1剖面沉积物的地化元素分析,采用SPSS因子分析法提取了对沉积环境变化敏感的地化元素和氧化物组分. 在 R、Q 型因子分析的基础上,结合沉积物的硅铁铝率（SiO2/（Al2O3+Fe2O3））、淋失系数（SiO2/（MgO+K2O））、CaO/MgO以及腐殖化度等指标,提取出古气候环境信息. 初步研究结果表明:近9.0cal ka BP以来,巴里坤湖地区气候环境仍以干旱化为主,全新世期间出现过多次不同程度的干湿变化,经历了5个气候阶段:9.0～7.5cal kaBP期间,气候干旱;7.5～5.8cal kaBP期间,气候温暖湿润,为研究区全新世最佳适宜期;5.8～3.0cal kaBP期间,气候干旱;3.0～1.0cal kaBP期间,气候湿润;1.0～0cal kaBP期间,气候干旱.     

Youger Dryas and Heinrich events recorded by magnetic susceptibility of sediments from the central temperature area of Western Pacific Warm Pool

Three short geomagnetic excursions, the Go thenburg, Mono Lake and Mungo (or Maelifell) in the Brunhes Positive Polarity period, were revealed based on the studies of magnetostratigraphy, susceptibility (χ) and δ^18O of sediments in core WP 92-5 from the central temperature area of the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP), and the ages of them are 12.1--11.3 kaBP, 25.0--24.0 kaBP, and 31.0--28.0 kaBP respectively. Furthermore, the Younger Dryas (YD) and Heinrich (H) cold events were also discovered in this core by the susceptibility record. The YD cold event occurred at the depth of 30--22 cm with an age of 11.5--10.6 kaBP; H1, H2 and H3 cold events occurred at depths of 51--39 cm, 108---91 cm and 140--126 cm with ages of 15.1--13.0 kaBP, 25.0--22.1 kaBP and 30.6---28.2 kaBP respectively, which well correspond to the HI, H2, H3 events recorded by susceptibility of core SU90-09 from middle Atlantic, indicating that the susceptibility change of marine sediments can be an important sign of climatic frequent fluctuations.     

豫西丘陵地形对冰雹灾害落区的影响分析

利用三门峡市新一代多普勒天气雷达2006--2009年冰雹个例资料,结合豫西山区地形特征,分析了豫西丘陵地形对冰雹灾害的时空分布特征与落区的影响,结论如下：豫西地区每年都会发生雹灾多次,对当地经济作物危害很大;最早产生冰雹灾害的月份为5月,最晚为10月,其中以6月产生次数最多;冰雹灾害产生时间多在午后到傍晚,集中时段是在14—16时,傍晚之后的18—22时也有一个弱的峰值,而每日的6-12时没有产生过冰雹灾害．冰雹灾害影响范围比较小,最大直径（影响范围内两点间最大距离）一般不超过50km,大多数雹暴的雷达初始回波出现在降雹点的西北部,少数出现在降雹点的东北部、西南部或西部．豫西大部分地区都可能产生冰雹灾害。但在丘陵地形的影响下,有2个较集中的地带,一个在渑池县境内,另一个在卢氏县中北部到灵宝市南部地区．冰雹灾害落区均分布在山体的迎风坡上,且都在河流沿岸或附近．基于以上结论总结得到豫西山区冰雹灾害预报预警的重要着眼点及方法．     

Relationship between the temporal-spatial distribution of archaeological sites and natural environment from the Paleolithic Age to the Tang and Song Dynasties in the Three Gorges Reservoir of Chongqing area

The temporal-spatial distribution features including time distribution,horizontal and vertical spatial distribution of archaeological sites from the Paleolithic Age to the Tang and Song Dynasties in the Three Gorges Reservoir of Chongqing area are analyzed based on GIS spatial analysis.The successive pollen record of deposited peat stratum since the Paleolithic Age in the Dajiuhu Basin of Shennongjia is used in combination with the research of the historical environmental evolution to reconstruct the Paleoenvironment in the Three Gorges Reservoir of Chongqing area.Through the comparison of the temporal-spatial distribution of the archaeological sites and the natural environment,the relation between the distribution of the archaeological sites and the natural environment evolution and disaster changes from the Neolithic Age to the Tang and Song Dynasties has been discussed.Study shows that 677 archaeological sites from the Paleolithic Age to the Tang and Song Dynasties in the Three Gorges Reservoir of Chongqing area increase gradually from west to east and from high land to low land.Most of the sites are distributed along the river and aggregated at the confluence.Obviously,the altitudes of archaeological sites in the Paleolithic Age and the Neolithic Age are much higher than those of historical sites.The analysis suggests:(1)the human beings of every times would like to choose the first or the second river terrace as living sites which are nearer to the water source and are easier to with- stand flood.The pre-historical sites of earlier ages are often located at the higher altitude place because of the tectonic uplift and downcutting of rivers since Holocene.(2)Due to the rugged terrain in Chongqing area,most of the sites are located along the river sides,for example,the wide river valley and terrace,which could provide wider living space caused by the lateral erosion and deposition of the river course.(3)The early residents mainly relied on fishing,hunting and agriculture,and the rugged terrain of the mountaino     

洛宁七里坪金矿床地质特征及其成矿机理分析

七里坪金矿位于河南省洛宁县西部,属于缓倾斜状破碎带蚀变岩型金矿床,是熊耳山矿化集中区内三大内生岩金矿床类型（破碎带蚀变岩型、石英脉型．隐蔽爆破角砾岩型）之一。其主要特点是矿脉沿太半群与熊耳群地层接触界限及其附近呈大致平行分布,产状平缓,厚度较小．其中常发现有特富的金矿体,具有较高的经济价值和地质找矿意义。     

Evolution of heat transport pathways in the Indonesian Archipelago during last deglaciation

The Indonesian Archipelago provides important heat transport pathways of the Western Pacific Warm Pool between the northern Indian Ocean and western equatorial Pacific Ocean, that exert important impacts on global climate change. This study investigated AMS ¹⁴C, δ¹⁸O, planktonic foraminifer assemblages and sedimentation rates in three piston cores collected in the Indonesian Archipelago. The results indicate that changes in the Indonesian Archipelago heat transport pathways were phase characteristic and in steps during the last deglaciation. In the deglaciation Termination IA, at about 12.5 kaBP, sea level rose rapidly in a short time period, and Makassar and Lombok straits widened suddenly for warm and fresh water from the Pacific to pour into the Java Sea and eastern Indian Ocean. During the Termination IB, about 9.5 kaBP, sea level rose rapidly again, and the South China Sea (SCS) started to connect with the Java Sea. With monsoon actions, a large amount of fresh water from the SCS shelf area flew through the Indonesian Archipelago.     

安徽江淮流域环境考古综合集成研究展望

通过对安徽江淮流域环境考古研究的回顾,全面总结该地区近年来区域环境考古研究取得的成果和新进展。同时对该区环境考古研究的手段和方法进行梳理,指出安徽江淮流域环境考古研究目前存在的主要问题,并提出了下一步研究的思路,即通过多学科、多手段对区域自然沉积地层和考古遗址地层的多环境代用指标的环境考古综合集成研究：（1）建立区域高分辨率的年代框架和环境演变序列;（2）通过典型新石器时代遗址的研究,建立区域考古学文化序列;（3）建立洪水灾变地层标志,提取地层洪水灾变事件信息;（4）探讨人类活动对区域环境演变的响应机制。研究将为探究安徽江淮流域古代文明起源和发展的轨迹,揭示区域环境演变和古洪水事件对该区人地关系的影响机制打下基础。     

Geological records of marine environmental changes in the southern Okinawa Trough

Indexes of sediment grain size,sedimentation rates,geochemical composition,heavy,minerals,benthic foraminiferal fauna,indicator species of the Kuroshio Current,paleo-SST and carbonate dissolution of core E017 conformably suggest a great marine environmental change occurring at about 10.1-9.2cal.kaBP in the southern Okinawa Trough,which may correspond to the strengthening of the Kuroshio Warm Current and re-entering the Okinawa Trough through the sea area off northeast Taiwan.The invasion of Kuroshio current has experienced a process of gradual strengthening and then weakening,and its intensity became more fluctuation during the last 5000 years.Compared to the transition of sediment grain size,geochemical composition and heavy minerals,the foraminiferal faunas show a 900-year lag,which may indicate that the invasion of Kuroshio Current and the consequent sea surface and deep-water environmental chanages is a gradual process,and fauna has an obvious lag compared to environment altering.The carbonate dissolution of the Okinawa Trough has had an apparent strengthening since 9.2cal.kaBP,and reached a maximum in the late 3000 years,which may be caued by the deep-water environmental changes due to the invasion of Kuroshio Current.