连续碳纤维表面金属化

以硫酸铜为主盐,以甲醛为还原剂,研究了连续碳纤维表面化学镀铜的工艺过程,包括pH值、络合剂质量浓度、添加剂质量浓度和还原剂体积分数对化学镀的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)检测了化学镀镀层的表面形貌、成分,利用溶解法测定了镀层厚度.结果表明,碳纤维镀前预处理非常重要,不仅能够防止“黑心”现象的出现,而且在碳纤维表面形成以Ag为中心的活性吸附区;在实验所得到的连续碳纤维镀铜工艺参数基础上进行碳纤维表面镀铜,镀层均匀,机械性能好,不易剥落,而且镀液稳定.     

碳纤维布电镀铜工艺的研究

研究了碳纤维布表面铜金属化工艺。碳纤维布进行除油、清洗、敏化及活化预处理后,在以甲醛为还原剂的化学沉铜溶液中化学镀铜60 min,在此基础上进行酸性电沉积铜。研究了不同电镀电流以及不同电镀时间对碳纤维布铜金属化表面形貌和导电性能的影响。研究发现,碳纤维布表面能形成覆盖性良好且连续的电镀铜沉积层,其导电性能随着电镀电流的增加以及电镀时间的延长而增加。     

短碳纤维表面镀铜的研究

为改善碳纤维与铝合金的浸润性,通过对碳纤维短切、灼烧、粗化、中和、敏化、活化等预处理工序,获得了表面粗糙度增大的碳纤维,然后经过化学镀铜得到了镀层均匀的镀铜碳纤维。采用X射线衍射仪,扫描电镜表征了镀层的物相组成及微观形貌。试验结果表明:镀液在电动搅拌方式下,主盐CuSO4·5H2O含量为15g/L,且添加亚铁氰化钾和二联吡啶时,镀铜层均匀地包覆在碳纤维表面,且镀铜层表面光滑、色泽鲜亮,与碳纤维结合良好。X射线衍射分析表明:镀铜层结晶良好,是由不同取向Cu晶粒组成的多晶Cu镀层,电镜观察铜层厚度约1μm。     

短碳纤维增强铜基复合材料的制备及其性能的研究

以化学镀和电镀相结合的方式对碳纤维表面进行涂覆铜处理，采用粉末冶金方法制备了短碳纤维无序增强铜基复合材料，并对复合材料的摩擦磨损性能、力学性能以及导热导电性能进行了研究，研究结果表明：化学镀和电镀相结合的方式对碳纤维表面进行涂覆铜处理，使碳纤维与铜基体结合得较好，用冷压、烧结的粉末冶金法制备出的试样性能良好；碳纤维的加入，虽使复合材料的导热率、电导率有所下降，但仍然保持有良好的导热、导电性能，并且使复合材料的硬度、耐磨性和强度有显著提高，同时碳纤维的加入减小了复合材料的摩擦系数。     

化学镀铜石墨粉及其铜基复合材料的性能

为了改善铜与石墨的浸润性,采用化学镀铜工艺对石墨粉体进行表面镀覆,通过粉末冶金法制备镀铜石墨铜基复合材料。利用TG-DTA、XRD、FT-IR、SEM分析方法表征镀铜石墨铜基复合材料在不同热处理温度下石墨的表面形貌。结果表明：镀铜石墨粉在高于250℃的空气中镀覆层首先被氧化,高于500℃时被包覆的石墨氧化;镀铜石墨粉体的红外光谱的吸收峰相对纯石墨的吸收峰减弱;镀铜石墨铜基复合材料在高于800℃真空热处理时,镀覆层球化现象显著。     

竹炭粉表面超声波化学镀铜的研究

以硫酸铜为主盐、甲醛为还原剂,采用超声波辅助化学镀铜的方法,对竹炭粉表面进行镀铜工艺研究,并采用扫描电镜及能谱仪对镀铜竹炭表面结构和镀层成分进行分析。 采用化学镀铜工艺条件为：细小颗粒竹炭粉(d<0.08 mm),施镀过程的前5 min不加载超声波,之后加载20 min超声波,主盐硫酸铜质量浓度15 g/L、还原剂甲醛体积浓度为25 mL/L 、镀液pH=12、施镀温度60 ℃,可获得表面载铜率32.3 %、体积电阻率0.16 Ω·cm的镀铜竹炭粉,且镀铜竹炭比表面积降低。     

PAN基碳纤维表面镀镍及高温力学性能研究

碳纤维表面镀镍不但可以有效提高碳纤维与金属液间的浸润性,而且可以避免高温状态下金属铝与碳纤维发生界面反应。基于此,对PAN基碳纤维表面镀镍和镀镍碳纤维在高温下的力学性能进行研究,探究镍层对碳纤维力学性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:碳纤维表面的金属镍层致密、均匀,与碳纤维紧密结合,表面镀镍对碳纤维束的抗拉强度影响不大;高温状态下镀镍碳纤维与氧发生反应,形成孔状结构,导致镀镍碳纤维抗拉强度随着温度的升高而逐渐减小;高温真空处理后的镀镍碳纤维可以有效保持镀镍碳纤维的抗拉强度。     

碳纤维镀铜对C_f/C/Cu复合材料组织及性能的影响

利用粉末冶金法制备Cf/C/Cu复合材料,通过改变碳纤维表面镀铜工艺条件,研究碳纤维表面镀铜对Cf/C/Cu复合材料组织及性能的影响。结果表明,碳纤维表面经浓硝酸处理再镀铜1 h,试样的动摩擦因数先增大后减小,至0.106后趋于不变,电阻率最低达0.12Ω.m。     

碳纤维复合材料化学镀工艺研究

为确定最佳化学镀制备碳纤维复合材料工艺条件,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等表征涂镀产物的组成及形貌. 实验结果表明:温度、pH值、装载量、纤维长度和搅拌方式对施镀效果有影响,镀铜最佳工艺条件为温度60 ℃,pH=12,装载量60 mg/250 mL,碳纤维长度为1 mm. 镀铜镍碳纤维(CNCF)的镀层元素为铜和镍,镀层均匀,铜、镍为多晶,结晶质量、表面一致性良好,电镜确定铜层厚度约为1 μm,与理论计算0.96 μm基本吻合.      

碳纤维表面处理及共复合材料界面优化的研究：II.低温等离…

采用毛吸浸润性，研究了氧等离子及氩等离子处理对聚丙烯腈基碳纤维表面浸润特性的影响。发现了等离子处理可以使碳纤维表面对水的浸润性能大为改善，氧等离子处理效果更为明显。对在碳纤维表面预涂不饱和酸酐，经等离子处理可产生接枝的现象进行了验证，并发现接枝马来酸酐后浸润性能反而比原纤维有所下降。经等离子处理的纤维随其接触空气时间的延续，表面浸润性能不断退化，纤维对水的接触角呈曲折形式逐步增加。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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