Nitric oxide involved in signal transduction of Jasmonic acid-induced stomatal closure of Vicia faba L.

Nitric oxide (NO) and Jasmonic acid (JA) are two key signaling molecules involved in many and diverse biological pathways in plants. Growing evidence suggested that NO signaling interacts with JA signaling. In this work, Our experiment showed that NO exists in guard cell of Vicia faba L., and NO is involved in signal transduction of JAinduced stomata closuring: ( i ) JA enhances NO synthesis in guard cell; ( ii ) both JA and NO induced stomatal closure, and had dose response to their effects; ( iU ) there are synergetic correlation between JA and lower NO concentration in regulation of stomatal movement; (iV) JA-induced stomatal closure was largely prevented by 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-l-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO), a specific NO scavenger. An inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS) in mammalian cells, N^G-nitro-L-Arg-methyl eater (L-NAME) also inhibits plant NOS, repressing JA-induced NO generation and JA-induced stomatal closure. We presumed that NO mainly comes from NOS after JA treatment.     

植物生长物质与植物雄性不育研究进展

对植物生长物质与植物雄性不育关系的研究现状进行了综述,已有的研究涉及到雄性不育与各种内源激素水平的关系、外施激素对植物育性的影响、以及植物生长物质在雄性不育中的作用机理等,不同生长物质对育性表达作用不同：GAs和多胺有利于雄性器官的发育,生长素、细胞分裂素、乙烯和脱落酸含量过高往往导致雄性不育,雄性不育既受单种生长物质变化的影响。也受各种生长物质间平衡的影响。     

Morphological Transformation of Plant Cells in vitro and Its Effect on Plant Growth

Enhancement of cell growth in suspension cultures is urgently needed in plant cell culture engineering. This study investigates the relationship between morphological transformation and cell growth in callus and suspension cultures of saffron cells belonging to the cell line C96 induced from Crocus safivus L In the suspension culture, an unbalanced osmotic pressure between the intracell and extracell regions induced a large morphological transformation which affected normal division of the saffron cells. An increase in osmotic pressure caused by the addition of sucrose inhibits the vacuolation and shrinkage of cytoplasm in the cells. As the sucrose concentration increases, the total amount of accumulated biomass also increases. Besides the sucrose concentration, increased ionic strength and inoculation ratio also help restrain to a large extent the vacuolation and shrinkage of the cytoplasm in the suspended cells, which results in increased biomass. The conditions for optimal biomass are： Murashige and Skoog＇s （MS） medium with 40 g/L sucrose and 60% （v/v） inoculation ratio.     

Involvement of carbon monoxide produced by heme oxygenase in ABA-induced stomatal closure in Vicia faba and its proposed signal transduction pathway

Carbon monoxide (CO) has recently proven to be an important bioactive or signaling molecule in mammalian cells. Its effects are mainly mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic GMP (cGMP). In Vicia faba leaves, CO production and heme oxygenase (HO) activity, an important CO synthetic enzyme, are first reported to increase in response to ABA treatment, which could result in stomatal closure. Inter- estingly, ABA-induced stomatal closure in V. faba guard cells is partially blocked when the synthetic CO inhibitor ZnPP, or the CO/NO scavenger Hb is added. Furthermore, we show that, exogenously applied CO donor, hematin, and CO aqueous solution not only result in the enhancement of CO release, but also time-dependently induce stomatal closure, and the latter is mimicked by the application of an NO donor SNP. The above-mentioned stomatal closure effects are differentially reversed by the addition of tungstate, a potent inhibitor of NO synthetic enzyme nitrate reductase (NR), the specific NO scavenger cPTIO, ZnPP, or Hb. During treatment for 4 h, SNP, 0.01% CO aqueous solution or hematin significantly triggers NO synthesis, whereas cPTIO, or tungstate approximately fully inhibits NO fluorescence. Ad- ditionally, application of the GC inhibitor ODQ blocks CO-induced stomatal closure. This inhibition could be reversed when 8-Br-cGMP is added. Thus, the above results suggest that CO produced by HO is involved in ABA-induced stomatal closure, and NO and cGMP may function as downstream interme- diates in the CO signaling responsible for stomatal closure.     

N-(5-三氟甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-N''-芳氧乙酰基硫脲的合成及其生物活性

通过2-氨基-5-三氟甲基.1,3,4-噻二唑与芳氧乙酰基异硫氰酸酯反应,合成了9个新的芳氧乙酰基硫脲,其结构用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和元素分析确证.初步的生物活性测试试验表明,部分目标化合物具有良好的植物生长调节活性,其中3b、3e、3i的生长素活性优良,3d、3e的细胞分裂素活性较好.三氟甲基增进了目标化合物的生物活性.     

Peptide primary messengers in plants

The peptide primary messengers regulate embryonic development, cell growth and many other activities in animal cells. But recent evidence verified that peptide primary messengers are also involved in plant defense responses, the recognition between pollen and stigma and keep the balance between cell proliferation and differentiations in shoot apical meristems. Those results suggest that plants may actually make wide use of peptide primary messengers, both in embryonic development and late life when they rally their cells to defend against pathogens and insect pests. The recent advance in those aspects is reviewed.     

植物信号转导中的双组分体系

双组分体系是广泛存在于原核和真核细胞中的信号转导体系,主要由组氨酸激酶和反应调节子两个组分组成．双组分体系信号通路一般包括信号输入、组氨酸激酶自身磷酸化、反应调节子磷酸化和信号输出等环节．本文综述了近年来,双组分体系在植物中的研究进展．     

植物微丝骨架研究进展

文章就植物花粉管、保卫细胞中微丝骨架以及微丝骨架与信号转导的一些研究进展作了简要介绍 .     

植物生殖与胚胎发育过程中的细胞程序性死亡

生殖与胚胎发育过程中植物细胞程序性死亡（ＰＣＤ）的典型特点在于它的细胞类型特异性。即在特定时期,只有特定的细胞才会发生ＰＣＤ。介绍了植物生殖和胚胎发育过程中各种类型的细胞在特定时期所发生的ＰＣＤ的形态和生化特征。这些ＰＣＤ类型包括大小孢子的退化、单性花的形成、性别决定、心皮通化、花粉发育及绒毡层的解体、胚胎发育过程中胚柄及糊粉层的消失以及体细胞胚胎发生等。同时对植物生长和发育过程中ＰＣＤ的作用及其     

利用超分子体系模拟生物体G蛋白耦联受体型信号转导过程

以生物体G蛋白耦联受体型信号转导过程为模拟原型,利用自组装方法构建了具有分子间信号转导能力的超分子体系。带正电荷的肽脂质分子与人工受体共同形成脂质体,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)(效应器)通过静电作用吸附到脂质体上,乳酸脱氢酶的竞争性抑制剂(Cu2+)抑制LDH活性(相对酶活性为11.6%),进而共同组成了一个酶活性处于关闭状态的超分子系统。向超分子体系中加入信号分子——磷酸吡哆醛(PLP)后,PLP通过静电作用吸附到带正电荷的脂质体表面,并与人工受体形成希夫碱;希夫碱与LDH竞争铜离子,解除铜离子对LDH活性的抑制,恢复LDH的催化活性,使相对酶活性达到83.0%。实验结果表明,超分子体系完成了从信号分子到效应器(酶)活性变化的信号转导过程,可以利用超分子体系构建调控酶催化活性的超分子器件。     

合成肽脂与天然磷脂混合囊泡的制备及表征

将天然磷脂1,2-二-十四烷基磷脂酰乙醇胺(DMPE)与合成肽脂N,N-二-十六烷基-Nα-6-三甲胺基己酰基-L-甘氨酰胺混合,制得了混合双层膜囊泡,对制备过程中的超声条件进行了探讨.用透射电子显微照相、动态光散射及差示扫描量热等手段表征了混合囊泡的形态及粒径大小,确认了混合囊泡的稳定性.