多个生产商条件下的动态古诺模型分析

研究任意多个厂商条件下的一般动态古诺模型，把两个厂商条件下的古诺模型拓广到一般情形，并进行动态分析．给出了一般动态古诺模型的数学表达式，并从理论上证明了均衡解的存在性．进一步地，通过理论分析和计算，给出了各厂商的均衡产量的计算公式．     

寡头厂商的研发决策分析

讨论了寡头垄断市场中厂商进行工艺创新的研究与开发的决策行为。在古诺双头的市场竞争的模型下，分析了厂商为了降低生产成本进行的研发投入决策，分别讨论了厂商独立进行研发和联合进行研发的决策结果。研究表明：在各自独立进行研发时，溢出效应越大，厂商的研发投入越小，而专利保护期越长，研发投入就越大。     

不定次重复的古诺模型博弈及其仿真研究

重复次数不确定的重复博弈比无限次重复博弈更符合客观实际。提出了不定次重复的古诺模型及不同的博弈策略；通过计算机仿真的方法，根据设计的仿真方案对不定次重复的古诺模型博弈过程进行了仿真，得到了不同贴现因子条件下各种仿真方案的厂商得益；对各方案的结果进行了分析比较，得到了统计意义上的临界贴现因子和均衡策略；阐释了仿真结果的输入弹性的概念，并用其分析了不同仿真方案的结果差异的原因。     

古诺线性模型与中国房地产

古诺模型是寡头竞争模型,是由来已久的经济学中非合作博弈的经典范例.研究古诺模型的文献很多.本文主要讨论n人古诺线性模型.在一定的假设下,该模型有唯一的占诺-纳什均衡;通过分析该模型中价格对商品量的变化率及其厂商数n变动的情况,得出了一些理论和实际相一致的结论;特别指出了模型中的参数p0和k有重要的意义.根据实际数据和经验并对照模型中的结果提出:近几年中国商品房价格的逐年攀升主要是垄断造成的.建议政府对房地产这种寡头垄断行业采取有力的监管措施.     

不完全信息静态古诺博弈的求解方法

在分析了厂商的信息具有随机性的基础上，分别情况给出了两个信息具有随机性的静态古诺博弈模型，并应用概率论的知识，分别求出了这两个模型的贝叶斯均衡．     

房地产住宅市场竞争战略的博弈分析

分析了房地产住宅行业的行业特征,运用古诺博弈证明了在房地产住宅市场实行产量较量的低效率,运用贝特兰博弈论证了在房地产住宅市场上进行价格较量的恶性均衡。指出在房地产住宅市场中产量较量和价格较量是不可行的,同时也证实了合作的优势。提出差异化战略与市场弥隙战略,以期指导房地产企业竞争战略的选择。     

电力市场中电厂报价的重复博弈分析

利用博弈论对电厂的报价行为进行了分析。首先通过古诺模型分析了电厂单阶段博弈情况下的报价策略，然后分别研究了电厂在有限次和无限次重复博弈的过程中可能采取的战备，指出在后一种情况下电厂存在合作的可能性，并且进一步比较了不同战略下合作的可能性大小。     

基于博弈论的餐饮企业间合作的合理性分析

文章针对我国餐饮业发展中存在的主要问题,分析了餐饮企业间合作的必要性,构建了完全信息静态博弈模型、完全信息动态博弈模型以及古诺模型和斯坦克尔伯格模型,对餐饮企业间的合作博弈与非合作博弈进行了量化分析;在此基础上,得出合作是我国餐饮企业间的理性选择,也是我国餐饮业发展和餐饮企业之间竞争的导向。     

基于延期支付的双卖主垄断市场供应链决策

比较研究了延期支付条件下双卖主垄断市场共同串谋、古诺竞争、主从博弈3种销售商竞争方式对供应链各方决策的影响.研究结果表明,从生产商角度来说,销售商之间采取何种竞争方式对其利润产生有着直接的影响,但并不改变生产商延期支付期限的决策.而从销售商角度看,运营成本高的销售商倾向采取较高的销售价格,运营成本低的销售商则采取较低的销售价格进行竞争,且在主从竞争方式下高成本销售商存在后动优势.     

双寡头市场中面向R&D产品的企业R&D策略

为了研究企业的研究与开发(R&D)策略,建立了双寡头市场中面向R&D产品的两阶段博弈模型:第一阶段企业进行R&D投资以提高产品质量;第二阶段企业在市场中进行古诺竞争.用逆向归纳法求出了4种R&D策略下的古诺一纳什均衡解.研究表明,R&D非合作策略与R&D卡特尔策略相比,从利润最大化角度考虑,企业应该选择R&D卡特尔策略;在溢出效应较低且产品差异不大条件下,从产品产量与质量角度考虑,企业应选择R&D非合作形式;在溢出效应较高且产品水平差异较大的条件下,R&D卡特尔更能推动产品质量、产量和企业利润的提高,并且可以改善社会总体福利,因此,企业应选择R&D卡特尔策略.在4种R&D策略中,从产品质量、产量、利润以及福利最大化角度考虑,研究联合体策略优于其他任何一种策略.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that