高炉用部分耐火材料抗碱蚀损的实验研究

用熔融碱金属混合碳酸盐，对六种高炉炉身下部至炉腹砖衬材料进行了蚀损试验测定，并就碱蚀前后试样的重量变化和抗折强度变化进行了简要分析。     

高炉用Si_3N_4结合的SiC砖的化学及力学破损过程

根据化学热力学和热应力分析，研究了高炉用Ｓｉ３Ｎ４结合的ＳｉＣ砖的化学及力学破损过程，并结合高炉的实际条件，分析了高炉用Ｓｉ３Ｎ４结合的ＳｉＣ砖的抗氧化、抗碱蚀及抗热震破坏特征，探讨了控制碱蚀、减轻热震破坏及改善ＳｉＣ砖衬使用效果的技术．     

铅在高炉内的渗透机理

结合昆钢生产实际,对高炉内铅的渗透机理进行了系统的考察与研究.结果表明:高炉内铅不能简单地通过砖衬的原始气孔进行渗透.铅在高炉砖衬内的渗透行为主要是通过各种缝隙,特别是炉壳与砖衬之间的间隙而进行的.当耐火砖受侵蚀较严重时,铅进入砖内部并发生膨胀变形,进一步破坏耐火材料的组织结构.基于新的铅渗透机理,对高炉排铅孔设计理念进行了探讨,为铅负荷较高的高炉进行合理炉型设计、安全稳定生产和提高高炉寿命提供了参考依据.     

冷却壁高炉炉墙温度场的数值模拟(I)──耐火材料种类及其侵蚀程度对炉墙温度场的影响

利用有限元分析软件ＡＮＳＹＳ对冷却壁高炉炉墙的温度场进行了数值模拟,研究了不 同的砖衬材质及其侵蚀程度对炉墙温度场的影响．并在此基础上探讨了高炉炉身下部破损的 基本原因及过程．结果表明：冷却壁凸台的冷却能力不足导致了凸台前砖衬热面温度始终高于 其受化学侵蚀的临界温度,不可能存在稳定的砖衬层．     

冷却壁高炉炉墙温度场的数值模拟（Ⅰ）：耐火材料种类及？…

利用有限元分析软件ＡＮＳＹＳ对冷却壁高炉炉墙的温度场进行了数值模拟,研究了不同的砖衬材质及其侵蚀程度对炉墙温度的影响。并在此基础上探讨了高炉炉身下部破损的基本原因及过程。结果表明：冷却壁凸台的冷却能力不足导致了凸台前砖衬热面温度始终高于其受化学侵蚀的临界温度,不能可存在稳定的砖衬层。     

大型高炉合理炉缸冷却制度

合理的炉缸冷却制度是保证大型高炉长寿的基础,不同冷却制度对高炉炉缸的温度分布和侵蚀状况具有直接影响.结合某4000 m3级高炉,根据传热学理论建立了高炉炉缸、炉底温度场物理模型和数学模型,通过数值模拟对"大水量、小温差"和"小水量、大温差"这两种不同炉缸冷却制度进行了研究,分析了不同冷却制度对炉缸温度场、炉缸侵蚀状况及高炉寿命的影响.结果表明,在炉役初期砖衬较厚时,不同冷却制度对炉内温度分布的影响区别不大;随着砖衬的不断减薄,不同冷却制度对炉内温度分布的影响逐渐明显;当砖衬侵蚀到一定程度后,再好的冷却也无济于事,但采用"大水量、小温差"并加强冷却可以减缓砖衬的侵蚀,延长高炉寿命.     

高炉开炉操作动态模型的计算机辅助分析

作者建立了一维动态高炉模型,使用在小仓2号高炉的开炉操作上,模拟的砖衬温度变化和实际结果非常一致。炉衬温度分布是用动态一维热,反应和传质方程计算的高炉温度纵向分布算出的热传导方程式来计算的,这些方程式使用的变量示于表1。     

高炉炉缸黏滞层物相及形成机理

通过对高炉炉缸黏滞层化学成分分析、XRD、SEM-EDS分析及对炉缸用碳复合砖性能、微观结构的研究，探明了炉缸黏滞层的形成机理.结果表明:碳复合砖本身致密的微观结构使其具有优良的抗渣铁侵蚀性能，且具备自护炉机制，能够形成石墨-C层、高铝渣层、石墨层多相体系.并通过计算得出高炉炉缸侧壁石墨碳析出热力学条件，表明在一定的铁水流动条件下，石墨碳与铁水存在溶解析出平衡，从而隔离开铁水与砖衬的直接接触，延缓砖衬侵蚀，实现高炉炉缸长寿.     

高炉用SiC砖显微结构及其抗侵蚀特征

用显微分析手段对高炉用四种Ｓｉ３Ｎ４结合及Ｓｉａｌｏｎ结合的ＳｉＣ砖进行了分析观测,测定了四种样品的抗氧化,抗碱侵及抗渣侵的能力。发现ＳｉＣ耐火材料的抗侵蚀能力与其显微结构密切相关,结构越致密,ＳｉＣ砖的抗侵蚀能力越强,ＳｉＣ砖中胶结相的胶结力是其结构性能的关键,Ｓｉ３Ｎ４及Ｓｉａｌｏｎ的网状结构愈发育,砖体的抗侵蚀越强,测定分析了四种样品的碱侵蚀产物,发现“过剩氧”的存在是砖体碱侵破损的原因之一     

三维光弹性实验的“冻结”法

“冻结”法是当前解决三维应力分析问题比较有效的方法,在工程中已获得了广泛的应用。 “冻结”法的实验程序是: 三维模型的应力“冻结”→沿需研究的截面切出薄片→将切片夹持于旋转台上,用偏光弹性仪或偏光显微镜,以平行光法或聚敛光法进行实验量测工作,获得必要的数据——等色线及等倾线→根据实验数据进行应力计算,给出工程中提出的应力分析问题。 应力的“冻结”过程和“冻结”法 目前用的光弹性材料均是高分子聚合物,可以认为它由不可熔和可熔的两种网络组成。在一定温度下,可熔网络的分子链完全崩溃,而不可熔网络仍呈弹性并具有承载…     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that