来自海南红树林内生真菌ZSU H85(LK)的新蒽醌

 红树林内生真菌是一种新的天然产物资源。采用色谱技术对分自海南半生红树林植物蕨类的内生镰刀菌Fusarium sp.ZSU H85（LK）菌体进行了分离,得到3个化合物,通过光谱和波谱分析,分别鉴定为新的蒽醌ZSU H85A（A）,安息香酸异戊烯酯（B）和壬二酸（C）。     

南海红树林内生真菌ZSU-H19代谢产物研究

对南海红树林内生真菌ZSU-H19代谢产物进行研究,从菌体中分离得到6个化合物,现代谱学方法分析表明它们是:ophioglonin(1)、oplaioglonin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2)、吲哚-3-乙酸(3)、尿囊素(4)、环(酪氨酰-亮氨酸)(5)、环(色氨酰-丙氨酸)(6),其中1和2为首次从微生物中分离发现.初步药理活性显示,1和2对人鼻咽癌细胞株KB显示微弱抑制活性,IC50分别为3.0×10-2和1.0×10-2g/L.     

南海红树林内生真菌Gx-3a代谢产物研究

采用反复硅胶柱色谱法和Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱法分离纯化南海红树林内生真菌Gx-3a的代谢产物,并通过理化常数测定和光谱分析鉴定其化学结构.结果从南海红树林内生真菌Gx-3a的菌体中分离得到4个代谢产物:ditryptophenaline(1),3-hydroxy-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-tetrahydro-2 H-pyran-2-yl)benzoic acid (2),(E)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-(prop-1-enyl) cyclopent-2-enone(3),3,6-di-sec-butyl-1,4-dihy Droxypiperazine-2,5-dione(4),化合物1对口腔癌细胞KB,KBv200的抗肿瘤活性值分别为8.0和12.0 μmol/ml.4个化合物均首次从南海红树林内生真菌Gx-3a中分离得到.     

南海红树林内生真菌Aspergillus sp.9H次级代谢产物的研究

对南海红树林内生真菌Aspergillus sp.9H的次级代谢产物进行研究。利用土豆培养基对菌种进行培养,综合采用多种柱层析技术从Aspergillus sp.9H的次级代谢产物中分离得到了5个单体化合物,运用质谱、核磁等现代波谱技术鉴定其结构分别为brefeldin A(1),methoxyvermistatin(2),6-demethylvermistatin(3),purpurester A(4)和十一烷酸甘油酯(5)。其中化合物2,3,4均为首次从曲霉属海洋真菌中分离得到。     

南海红树林内生真菌Phomopsis sp.ZZF08酰胺类次级代谢产物

采用色谱技术对红树林内生真菌Phomopsis sp.ZZF08代谢产物进行分离纯化,MS、NMR、X-单晶衍射及与文献数据比对等方法确定其结构,MTT法考察其对体外人鼻咽癌细胞KB和KBv200的毒性作用。结果表明,由红树林内生真菌Phomopsis sp.ZZF08培养液中分离得到12个酰胺类化合物,经鉴定,分别为viridicatol(1)、cytochalasin H(2)、cytochalasin IV(3)、葡萄糖神经酰胺(4)、△~(4(5))(E)-鞘氨醇-正十六碳酰胺(5)、尿囊素(6)、胸腺嘧啶(7)、尿嘧啶(8)、环(亮-甘)二肽(9)、环(亮-丙)二肽(10)、环(苯丙-甘))二肽(11)和环(苯丙-丙)二肽(12),其中,化合物1,2,3,4,5为首次从湛江红树林内生真菌Phomopsis sp.中发现。体外细胞毒性实验表明化合物2,3对KB细胞和KBv200细胞有较强细胞毒性。     

南海红树林内生真菌B60中的一个新原儿茶酸衍生物

 对红树林内生真菌B60进行次级代谢产物研究,从其培养液中分离得到一个新的原儿茶酸衍生物,3-羟基-4-异戊烯氧基苯甲酸甲酯(1)。该化合物的结构通过广泛的波谱方法得到确证,尤其是2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC)。     

南海红树林内生真菌3920代谢产物研究

对采自香港的红树林内生真菌(3920号)的代谢产物进行了研究,从中分离得到4个化合物.其中1,8-二甲氧基萘和1-(2,6-二羟基)苯丁酮首次从海洋真菌中分离得到.它们的结构通过FABMS,NMR和X-单晶数据分析得到确定.     

红树林内生真菌的分离及代谢产物生物活性的初步研究

从8种红树林植物中共分离出85株内生真菌,经鉴定发现其主要类群为无孢类群(Mycelia sterilia),短梗霉属Aureobasidium spp.和盘长孢属Gloeosporium spp.,分别占菌株总数的50.6%、18.0%、14.6%。对这85株内生真菌的代谢产物生物活性研究发现:其菌丝和发酵液提取物对试验细菌表现出较好的抗性:对大肠杆菌有抗性的菌株比例分别为22.4%、21.2%、金黄色葡萄球菌为12.9%、14.1%,枯草芽胞杆菌为20.0%、36.5%;其发酵液提取物对酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae、白色念珠菌Candida albicans、新月弯孢霉Curvular-ia lunata等试验真菌均有较好的抗性,抗性菌株占菌株总数的比例分别为25.9%,23.5%,28.2%,而菌丝提取物均未表现出抗性;有8株(占菌株总数的9.0%)可产生抑制小麦发芽和芽生长的代谢物,具有除草剂活性;通过本实验建立的全细胞定向筛选模型发现:有14个菌株的代谢产物对耐药性大肠杆菌具有拮抗活性,占菌株总数的16.5%。以上结果表明:红树林内生真菌蕴含丰富的生物活性物质,在新型药物先导物和除草剂的开发方面都表现出潜在的应用前景。     

红树林来源内生真菌活性产物研究进展

红树林植物是生长于热带和亚热带海岸和河口潮间带的木本植物群落,海陆边缘生态 系统的独特生境使得红树林来源内生真菌具有独特的遗传背景和代谢途径,蕴藏着结构新颖、活 性显著的次级代谢产物。本文综述了近年来红树林来源内生真菌代谢产物的结构特点及抗肿瘤、 抗炎和抗菌等生物学功能的研究进展,以期为红树内生真菌来源新型天然药物的开发提供参考。     

内生链霉菌Streptomyces sp.LC18中安莎霉素类化合物的发现

以一株红树林植物内生链霉菌Streptomyces sp.LC18为研究对象,通过固体发酵培养分离安莎霉素类代谢产物.采用凝胶柱层析和硅胶柱层析等对化学成分进行分离纯化,通过核磁共振和高分辨质谱对化学结构进行鉴定,初步研究了化合物抗菌和细胞毒活性.从10L固体发酵提取物中分离得到3个安莎霉素类化合物,分别鉴定为herbimycin A(1),herbimycin C(2),hygrocin A derivative 6(3),其中化合物1和3对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞和前列腺癌PC3细胞IC50值均小于5μmol/L.化合物1和3分别属于8酮苯安莎和9酮萘安莎,是从植物内生菌中分离得到2种类型的安莎霉素.     

Ramapithecines from China: evidence from tooth dimensions

Data obtained from ramapithecine specimens found in Asia, Africa and Europe have suggested the existence of two major subgroups, Ramapithecus and Sivapithecus, with Ramapithecus having pre-human status. Recently, however, it has been proposed that the fossils all belong to a single group, Sivapithecus, which is more closely related to the apes, in particular the orang-utan. Here we analyse data from a series of similar fossils which have been found in late Miocene coalfields in Lufeng, Yunnan Province, China. These include a number of almost complete jaws and five partial skulls which are more complete than any others so far known. A statistical analysis of the overall dimensions of the large number of teeth included in these finds shows that the differences between the groups previously assigned to Ramapithecus and Sivapithecus are greater than those found between the sexes in the most sexually dimorphic of the living great apes. Within the groups the distribution is bimodal and we suggest each group contains sex subgroups.     

来自自然界的可再生能源-生物质乙醇重整制氢

在镧系金属氧化物载镍催化剂上通过催化重整乙醇和乙醇水溶液可以直接转化为H2，H2的选择性达到60％，乙醇的转化率达到100％。优化催化剂及降低重整反应的温度以使水汽转化反应同时发生来降低产物气中CO的含量。该过程对于生产小型燃料电池的低成本燃料H2，以及便携燃料电池系统需要液态燃料存储的应用具有巨大的潜在价值。     

Postcranial evidence from early Homo from Dmanisi, Georgia

The Plio-Pleistocene site of Dmanisi, Georgia, has yielded a rich fossil and archaeological record documenting an early presence of the genus Homo outside Africa. Although the craniomandibular morphology of early Homo is well known as a result of finds from Dmanisi and African localities, data about its postcranial morphology are still relatively scarce. Here we describe newly excavated postcranial material from Dmanisi comprising a partial skeleton of an adolescent individual, associated with skull D2700/D2735, and the remains from three adult individuals. This material shows that the postcranial anatomy of the Dmanisi hominins has a surprising mosaic of primitive and derived features. The primitive features include a small body size, a low encephalization quotient and absence of humeral torsion; the derived features include modern-human-like body proportions and lower limb morphology indicative of the capability for long-distance travel. Thus, the earliest known hominins to have lived outside of Africa in the temperate zones of Eurasia did not yet display the full set of derived skeletal features.     

由鸡西烟煤制备炭分子筛的研究

以鸡西烟煤为原料综合使用炭化法和碳沉积法进行了空气分离生产富氮空气用炭分子筛的制备研究,考虑了炭化和碳沉积工艺条件对产品空气分离性能的影响。结果表明,鸡西烟煤是制备炭分子筛的优良原料。最佳工艺条件为粘结剂用量35%,升温速度为10℃/min,炭化终温为900℃,恒温时间为60min。     

Greater contribution to blood lead from water than from air

Concern about the levels of lead in blood is widespread. There is uncertainty, however, about the relative importance of the various environmental sources. Lead in petrol is widely assumed to be one of the most important sources and air and dust have been identified as the main routes to man. Water is regarded as an important source in areas with a plumbosolvent water supply, but of little or no importance in other areas. In order to evaluate the contribution to blood lead by various environmental sources, we have conducted surveys of random samples of women in areas of Wales chosen to represent very different levels of exposure to traffic. We report here that lead in air makes a small, but significant, contribution to blood lead but there is no evidence of any contribution from dust. Although in none of the areas were high levels of lead detected in water, water emerges as an important contributor to blood lead.     

Radioprotectors from pyrodextrins

Cornstarch heated in the range of 230–280°C depolymerized into pyrodextrins characterized by two-component EPR signals of relatively stable free radicals. These thermally generated radicals could serve as efficient scavengers for free radicals generated from pyrodextrins with the 200 Gy dose of γ-radiation. The most efficient traps/scavengers were produced from cornstarch at 250–280°C. IR data indicated incorporation of the OH groups to the pyrodextrins. These groups most probably originated from the OH· radicals formed by the radiolysis of water. EPR spectra provided evidence for trapping free radicals generated by γ-irradiation and for their subsequent annihilation on contact with pyrodextrins. Water affected radical processes occurring in pyrodextrins caused by γ-irradiation.