水下航行器附连水质量的理论及实验研究

以二维无限长圆柱在水下的垂向振动为例,对其有限区域的不可压缩流场进行分析;通过数值计算并借鉴刘易斯法,分析了水域宽度比、水深比和浸没深度比等无量纲参数对刚体附连水质量的影响;提出了水下航行器附连水质量的快速预测公式.结果表明:刚性壁面可使刚体的附连水质量增大,但当刚体与壁面的距离增加到一定程度(截面半径的5倍)时,刚性壁面的影响可以忽略;自由表面可使刚体的附连水质量减小,当刚体与自由表面的距离达到截面半径的6倍时,可以忽略自由表面的影响;当刚体的垂向运动频率较高或刚体与自由表面的距离较大时,可以认为自由表面的速度势为零.     

Monocular aniseikonia: a motion parallax analogue of the disparity-induced effect

Mayhew and Longuet-Higgins have recently outlined a computational model of binocular depth perception in which the small vertical disparities between the two eyes' views of a three-dimensional scene are used to determine the 'viewing parameters' of fixation distance (d) and the angle of asymmetric convergence of the eyes (g). The d/g hypothesis, as it has been called, correctly predicts that a fronto-parallel surface, viewed with a vertically magnifying lens over one eye, should appear to be rotated in depth about a vertical axis. We report here a comparable illusion for surfaces specified by monocular motion parallax information, which can be explained more simply by considering the differential invariants of the optic flow field. In addition, our observations suggest that the disparity-induced effect is not a 'whole field' phenomenon nor one limited to small magnification differences between the eyes.     

基于线型激光的钢板表面缺陷三维检测技术

提出将线型激光束垂直投射到钢板表面,通过面阵CCD摄像机采集激光线在钢板表面的图像来计算表面缺陷深度的三维检测方法.利用中点法对激光图像进行细化,并根据稳定点判别依据提取激光线形.采用分区标定方法对摄像机进行标定,由空间还原思想恢复激光线形的空间坐标.根据扫描投影的方法选择理想表面方向作为缺陷深度计算的基准,实现对缺陷深度信息的定量计算.通过对缺陷样品验证的结果表明,采用该方法得到的计算值与实际值非常接近.     

基于数据融合的无人机影像碎屑岩岩性识别

不同类型岩性影像纹理相似性高,基于单一的二维影像进行岩性识别精度较低。本文针对这一问题,开展了顾及影像深度信息的岩性智能识别方法研究。利用无人机影像具有多模态的特性,采用通道叠加、IHS变换、小波变换以及多模态融合四种影像融合方式,将深度信息融入到影像数据中,运用深度卷积神经网络DeepLabv3+进行碎屑岩岩性识别。经人工解译结果对比分析,结果表明,实验区内基于多模态融合影像的岩性识别精度最高,Kappa系数可达76.17%,总体识别精度可提升到91.05%;分析认为,顾及影像深度信息的岩性智能识别方法针对岩层表面不平整,高差落差大的砾岩识别效果有明显提升,但表面平整、高差表现不明显的泥岩和砂岩地层识别效果有待提升,总体为野外碎屑岩露头岩性快速识别提供了新思路。     

悬浮颗粒物垂直分布对水体光学特性的影响

【目的】研究典型湖泊水体垂直分布对遥感反射率的影响,并了解其主要影响波段和影响水深。【方法】利用实测数据和前向辐射传输模型得到水体垂直分布模拟数据,选取两种典型的湖泊水体垂直分布类型,研究它们对水表面遥感反射率的影响,并分析其敏感波长和最大影响深度。【结果】与均质水体相比,不同类型的水体垂直分布最大会引起遥感反射率100%的高估或者30%的低估且误差随着水深的增大而减小。当表层悬浮颗粒物浓度(SPM1)较小时,在相同浓度条件下,不同类型水体垂直分布的敏感波长随着水深增大逐渐减小;在同一深度时,敏感波长随着悬浮颗粒物浓度的增大逐渐向长波方向移动;当SPM1较大时,敏感波长随水深增大没有明显变化。不同类型水体在SPM1较低时,各波段的最大影响水深各不相同,可达10m,并随表层悬浮颗粒物浓度的增大而逐渐减小,峰值波长逐渐向长波方向移动;当SPM1较大时,最大影响水深集中于0.5~2.0 m,随波段递增无明显变化规律。随着表层水体的衰减系数的增大,最大影响水深在不同波段基本呈递减趋势。【结论】研究成果有助于准确的理解表层遥感反射率中所包含的水体垂直结构信息,并为深入研究非均质水体光学特性及其辐射传输过程提供理论依据。     

Chemical components and microtopography of （100） surface for orthopyroxene

XPS and AES depth composition profile studies were carried on to understand chemical components of (100) surfaces for Chengde hypersthene from Hebei Province, China, and Bamble enstatite from Norway. Also, to understand the microtopography of them the AFM observation was carried on. There are obvious differences between chemical components of (100) surface and those of mineral inner. Compared with inner mineral Si^4 proportion in total cations has no distinguished variation, whereas Ca^2 and Al^3 proportions increase respectively, and Mg^2 proportion decreases. AES depth composition prof‘de of 2000s shows that at a depth of 70 nm the atomic concentrations (%) for each element (except Si in Chengde hypersthene) slightly go up and down, but the average values have no obvious change. On the profile, the atomic concentrations (%) of Al and Si for Chengde hypersthene present a compensated relationship. Obviously, the Si and Al must have the relationship of isomorphic replacement on the (100) surface. The image of AFM shows that there is hillock growth on the (100) surface in the layered form of the polygon with 0 to several hundreds nm in thickness. The growth is a sort of secondary phyllosilicate minerals. The observation of the above-mentioned phenomenon and the recognition on the above regularities are benefit for understanding of the mechanism for weathering and water-rock reactions.     

多晶3C-SiC薄层的淀积生长及结构性能分析

采用ＨＦＣＶＤ生长法,以较低生长温度,在Ｓｉ（１１１）衬底上淀积３Ｃ－ＳｉＣ（１１１）薄层。用ＸＲＤ、ＶＡＳＥ、ＸＰＳ等分析手段研究了薄层的结构、光学常数、组分及化学键等性能。ＸＲＤ显示薄层具有明显的择优取向特征。ＶＡＳＥ测量出薄层的折射率为２．６８６,光学常数随深度的变化曲线反映出薄层的多层结构。ＸＰＳ深度剖面曲线表明薄层中Ｓｉ／Ｃ原子比符合ＳｉＣ的理想化学计量比,其能谱证明Ｃ１ｓ与Ｓｉ２ｐ成键形成具有闪锌矿结构的３Ｃ－ＳｉＣ。     

聚氧化乙烯絮凝微细粒高岭石强化赤铁矿反浮选脱硅机理研究

通过矿物浮选试验并结合激光粒度测试、扫描电镜(SEM)、矿物Zeta电位及XPS等检测方法对赤铁矿反浮选过程中聚氧化乙烯絮凝细粒高岭石的行为及机理进行了研究.矿物絮凝浮选试验表明：添加聚氧化乙烯可以提高高岭石的单矿物回收率和人工混合矿分离效率,促进赤铁矿和高岭石反浮选分离.激光粒度测试和扫描电镜检测结果表明：聚氧化乙烯不絮凝赤铁矿,但絮凝高岭石颗粒,使其表观粒径增大.Zeta电位测试和XPS分析表明：聚氧化乙烯在高岭石颗粒表面发生化学吸附,并使其Zeta电位正移.因此,开展聚氧化乙烯对硅酸盐矿物絮凝的研究对赤铁矿和高岭石反浮选分离具有意义.     

电容耦合氧等离子体处理ITO基片对OLED的影响

在不同条件下采用电容耦合氧等离子体处理用于有机电致发光(OLED)的ITO基片,使用接触电势法测量了基片表面功函数的改变.研究发现,氧等离子体处理可以有效地提高ITO表面的功函数.X射线光电子能谱的测量揭示了其本质:氧等离子体处理可以提高表面氧原子的含量,同时降低ITO表面锡/铟原子的比例,由此导致了ITO表面功函数的提高.高功函数的ITO可降低空穴由ITO向OLED空穴传输层中注入空穴的势垒,从而提高OLED器件的性能.进一步的基于联苯二胺衍生物NPB/8-羟基喹啉铝(Alq3)的标准器件的研究证明了这一点.研究同时发现,在相同的真空和氧压条件下,保持处理时间不变,随着射频激发功率的升高,ITO表面功函数会逐渐降低.这个功函数的降低,使得OLED器件的驱动电压升高且电流效率减小.因此使用电容耦合氧等离子体处理的ITO来制备OLED器件,需要在优化的条件下进行,以达最佳效果.在本实验系统下处理条件为射频功率100 W、时间25 s.     

氧离子束辅助激光淀积生长ZnO/Si纯ZnO相的研究

通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)深度剖析方法对ZnO／Si异质结构进行了分析。结果表明：用该法可生长出正化学比的纯ZnO相,脉冲激光淀积(PLD)法生长ZnO／Si样品时氧离子束辅助(O^ -assisted)是必要的。     

碳纤维表面处理及其复合材料界面优化的研究Ⅰ．低温等离子处理对碳纤维表面的作用

通过碳纤维表面的扫描电镜观察与复丝力学性能测定，发现等离子处理对纤维的模量几乎没有影响，而强度随着处理功率的增加和时间的延长稍有下降，在外观上仅表现为纤维表面纵向沟槽的加深。氩气等离子比氧化性空气等离子的损伤小。通过碳纤维表面的Ｘ射线光电子能谱分析，结合喇曼光谱的研究，还发现等离子处理的有效深度达到１５ｍｍ左右。其作用是蚀刻去碳纤维表面脂肪链结构，产生石墨等晶体结构富集的高能表面。     

基于偏振图像与粗糙深度图的形状重建

首先使用双边滤波法对粗糙深度图作平滑处理，该方法在保持边缘细节的同时可以很好地去噪；然后针对偏振法线的歧义问题，以深度信息作为先验条件，采用自定义阈值分割方法校正；最后构造以深度约束为拟合项、偏振法线约束为光滑项的罚函数方法，并利用最小二乘法进行计算，以实现融合重建.选取4幅不同偏振角度的偏振图像与单幅粗糙深度图进行实验，结果表明，相对于单一模态，深度与偏振的多模态融合能恢复更好的表面细节，达到更优的几何形状效果.     

二维浅水流动的离散涡方法

根据二维浅水流动中旋涡既可产生于流动边界层，也可在主流场中自生自灭的特点，建立起Eulerian-Lagrangian框架下的二维浅水流动离散涡方法；利用该方法数值仿真了高雷诺数下的二维浅水方柱绕流，得到了流动的速度场、涡谱，计算结果中明显可见流动分离、旋涡以及旋涡随时间的发展演化，即模拟出流动所具有的非定常不稳定等非线性特征。     

Preparation and performance of novel LLTO thin film electrolytes for thin film lithium batteries

We prepared a series of lithium lanthanum titanate(LLTO) thin film electrolytes by radio frequency(RF) magnetron sputtering using LLTO targets in a N2 atmosphere.We also deposited the LLTO thin films in an Ar atmosphere under a same condition as references for comparison.The microstructure morphology and the composition of the thin films were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),respectively.Results show that the thin film has an amorphous structure with a uniform surface and it is free of pinholes and cracks.Impedance measurements reveal that the ionic conductivity of the electrolytes is beneficial for all solid lithium batteries dependent on the lithium content at room temperature.We found that the amorphous LLTO thin film performs well and it has potential application in microbatteries for use in microelectronic devices.     

光热疗用GO-MoS2纳米载体的构建及应用

采用水热法在氧化石墨烯（GO）表面生长MoS₂纳米片并枝接聚乙二醇（PEG）以改善其生物相容性。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、透射电子显微镜等手段对GO-MoS₂复合材料进行表征,利用酶标仪、荧光共聚焦显微镜等对复合物及载药复合物的细胞毒性及细胞摄入进行了探究。结果表明,所制备的纳米复合材料相比于GO表现出更高的药物负载率和释放率,以及显著的光热转换性能,具有应用于光热疗法的潜力。     

Global anisotropy and the thickness of continents

For decades there has been a vigorous debate about the depth extent of continental roots. The analysis of heat-flow, mantle-xenolith and electrical-conductivity data all indicate that the coherent, conductive part of continental roots (the 'tectosphere') is at most 200-250 km thick. Some global seismic tomographic models agree with this estimate, but others suggest that a much thicker zone of high velocities lies beneath continental shields, reaching a depth of at least 400 km. Here we show that this disagreement can be reconciled by taking into account seismic anisotropy. We show that significant radial anisotropy, with horizontally polarized shear waves travelling faster than those that are vertically polarized, is present under most cratons in the depth range 250-400 km--similar to that found under ocean basins at shallower depths of 80-250 km. We propose that, in both cases, the anisotropy is related to shear in a low-viscosity asthenospheric channel, located at different depths under continents and oceans. The seismically defined 'tectosphere' is then at most 200-250 km thick under old continents. The 'Lehmann discontinuity', observed mostly under continents at about 200-250 km, and the 'Gutenberg discontinuity', observed under oceans at depths of about 60-80 km, may both be associated with the bottom of the lithosphere, marking a transition to flow-induced asthenospheric anisotropy.     

氧离子束辅助激光淀积生长ZnO/Si的XPS研究

利用X射线光电子能谱深度剖析方法对ZnO/Si异质结构进行了分析，用该法可生长出正化学比的ZnO，不过生长的ZnO薄膜存在孔隙，工艺还有待进一步改进。     

Co/GC离子注入修饰电极的制备及表征

用离子注入法在玻碳表面注入钴制备了钴离子注入修饰电极 (Co/GC) ,用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和俄歇电子能谱 (AES)等表面分析手段对Co/GC电极表面的元素组成和元素深度分布进行了表征 .在环丙氟哌酸 (CIF)溶液中 ,用线性扫描伏安法 (LSV)对Co/GC电极的催化活性进行了初步研究 .     

Pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion behaviors of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels

Pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion behaviors of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels (HNSS) were investigated by electrochemical and immersion testing methods in chloride solution, respectively. The chemical constitution and composition in the depth of passive films formed on HNSS were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS). HNSS has excellent pitting and crevice corrosion resistance compared to 316L stainless steel. With increasing the nitrogen content in steels, pitting potentials and critical pitting temperature (CPT) increase, and the maximum, average pit depths and average weight loss decrease. The CPT of HNSS is correlated with the alloying element content through the measure of alloying for resistance to corrosion (MARC). The MARC can be expressed as an equation of CPT=2.55MARC-29. XPS results show that HNSS exhibiting excellent corrosion resistance is attributed to the enrichment of nitrogen on the surface of passive films, which forms ammonium ions increasing the local pH value and facilitating repassivation, and the synergistic effects of molybdenum and nitrogen.