多孔物料干燥中物料体积的收缩特性

以生姜、胡萝卜、土豆和香蕉为实验材料,引入体积收缩系数和各向同性率的概念,研究了多孔物料干燥过程中的体积收缩特性,分析了脱水量与物料收缩率之间的关系,并探讨了干燥介质温度和相对湿度对收缩特性的影响．结果表明,干燥强度越大则物料的体积收缩率越大,且多孔物料的微观结构也对收缩特性有着重要的影响．最后通过无量纲化方法建立了考虑收缩特性的土豆-水分扩散模型,实验数据与模拟结果趋于一致．     

多孔材料热风干燥过程中收缩特性研究

为了更好的研究多孔材料热风干燥过程中内部干燥特性,将干燥过程中整体体积、尺寸收缩比与平均干基含水率的函数关系运用到内部各单元层。以胡萝卜颗粒为例,建立了干燥中物料内部各单元层收缩模型。运用MATLAB编程的方法对胡萝卜颗粒内部各单元层体积和尺寸变化及分布规律进行数值模拟计算。模拟结果表明:片状胡萝卜颗粒在热风干燥过程中随着水分不断对外扩散迁移、干基含水率降低的过程中,表单元层由于水分首先扩散蒸发到热空气中而首先收缩,内部单元层水分滞后扩散蒸发而滞后收缩;外部单元层水分扩散速率大于内部单元层,边界收缩位移量最大。通过实验对模拟结果进行验证,验证结果表明此模型可以用来表述干燥过程中多孔材料内部收缩特性变化规律。     

粉煤灰掺量对高性能混凝土收缩的影响

研究高性能混凝土的自生收缩和干燥收缩对于推广高性能混凝土在实际工程中的应用具有重要的理 论和现实意义．通过实验研究了不同掺量的粉煤灰对高性能混凝土的自生收缩和干燥收缩的影响．实验结 果表明,由于粉煤灰的滞后效应,用粉煤灰替代部分的水泥可以减少高性能混凝土的自生收缩和干燥收缩．     

萃取干燥处理对UHMW-PE冻胶丝拉伸性能的影响

为了改善 UHMW—PE 冻胶丝的拉伸性能,本文对 UHMW—PE 冻胶丝的萃取和干燥工艺条件进行了研究.结果表明冻胶丝的最大拉伸倍数依赖于萃取和干燥条件,如:萃取剂、干燥过程中的限制收缩率、干燥温度和干燥时间.在萃取和干燥过程中的过量收缩会引起冻胶丝内部缺陷的产生,导致冻胶丝可拉伸性的恶化.本文以最优化实验,获得了以溶剂汽油为萃取剂对冻胶丝处理的最佳萃取和干燥条件是:多次萃取和5%限制收缩干燥.经最佳实验条件处理的冻胶丝在超高倍拉伸过程中是稳定的,并可制得强度为37.3cN/dtex 和模量为1731.0cN/dtex 的长丝.     

纤维增强对水泥基材料早期干缩开裂性能的影响

采用自行设计的圆环快速测试方法测试研究了水泥基材料硬化早期失水干燥收缩性能．结果表明：掺加0．10％对塑性混凝土具有明显减少收缩开裂作用的MP—Ⅰ和MP～Ⅱ纤维，对阻止硬化早期混凝土的失水干燥收缩开裂作用很小；掺一定量的钢纤维、碳纤维、MH—Ⅰ和MPH—Ⅰ硬化防裂纤维，均有较好的防止硬化早期失水干燥收缩的作用．MH—Ⅰ和MPH—Ⅰ硬化防裂纤维在经济可行的掺量下，对混凝土硬化早期失水收缩减裂率分别为71．2％和79．0%，MH—Ⅰ纤维在塑性阶段没有防裂效果，仅适用于硬化早期混凝土的干缩防裂，而MPH—Ⅰ硬化防裂纤维在塑性阶段具有100％的减裂效果，为一种可同时防止混凝土出现塑性和硬化早期失水收缩开裂双重作用的工程纤维材料．MPH—Ⅰ硬化防裂纤维对水泥基材料的物理力学性能无不良影响．     

不同温湿度下泡沫混凝土干燥收缩的试验研究

研究泡沫混凝土在不同温湿度条件下干燥收缩变形曲线的特点，分析环境温湿度对干燥收缩变形测定结果的影响。研究结果表明：温湿度会影响泡沫混凝土的干燥收缩发展过程。随着温度的增高以及湿度的降低，泡沫混凝土的收缩逐渐增大。     

基于数字散斑技术的水泥净浆微观蠕变与收缩

摘 要：为探究大型试件水汽平衡较长引起额外收缩开裂的问题,提出了一种新型原位微观力学试验方法对水泥净浆的微观蠕变与收缩进行研究。研究结合DIC（数字散斑技术digital image correlation）进行观测,在ESEM（environmental scanning electron microscope）环境扫描电镜和CC（climate chamber气候试验箱)中对薄水泥块分别进行单轴-双轴压缩蠕变和收缩试验。试验结果表明,相较于传统测试方法,新的测试框架显著缩短了干燥时间,至少缩短了200倍,从而有效减小了开裂的风险。水泥净浆的自由干燥收缩与RH（相对湿度relative humidity）高于60%时的质量损失之间存在高度线性相关性。在相对湿度50%-60%之间,水的空化作用对干燥收缩产生影响。ESEM中的干燥条件与气候试验箱中的环境空气干燥条件相比,气压较低,引发了强制对流流动,导致干燥速率显著增加,但在相对湿度为20%RH的平衡状态下,两者的收缩变形基本保持一致。快速干燥的试件与缓慢干燥的试件相比具有更大的孔隙,且未加载试件的孔隙大于加载试件。在单轴压缩试验中,干燥蠕变随干燥收缩的变化呈现出双线性的趋势;在双轴压缩试验中,干燥蠕变呈现出线性关系。干燥蠕变的泊松比在两种压缩试验中均表现出负值,在蠕变泊松比处于-0.1到0之间时,CC试验所得的蠕变性能与ESEM方法的结果基本一致。     

减缩剂对水泥浆体结构演变的影响

通过研究减缩剂对于水泥水化过程中水化热、电阻率、干燥收缩、可逆收缩的影响,分析了减缩剂对于水泥浆体结构发展演变过程的作用.试验结果表明:减缩剂能够显著地降低水溶液以及模拟孔溶液的表面张力;在水化反应初期,减缩剂降低了水泥的水化放热速率,随着水化的进行,水化放热总量逐渐增加,3天以后,总水化热有一定的增加;减缩剂能够显著降低水泥净浆的干燥收缩,其减缩能力随着龄期的发展逐渐降低;减缩剂增加了可逆收缩在总的干燥收缩中所占的比例,表明水化产物的形态发生了变化.减缩剂不仅通过降低孔溶液的表面张力的形式降低水泥浆体的干燥收缩,而且通过影响水泥水化的进程以及改变水化产物的状态来减少水泥浆体的收缩.     

施工过程混凝土收缩徐变的试验研究

本文通过对某一施工中的八层框架结构的钢筋混凝土柱进行施工期间的包括收缩徐变变形值的现场测量,得到现场条件下钢筋混凝土柱应变发展曲线．将实测值与理论分析值进行了分析比较,分析结果表明考虑施工过程才能正确反映混凝土收缩徐变规律．     

粉煤灰对混凝土内外层非均匀收缩的影响

采用多组LVDT位移传感器,研究了单面干燥条件下不同粉煤灰掺量的混凝土距离表面不同深度处的收缩变形,同时采用埋置湿度传感器的方法测试了不同深度层混凝土中相对湿度变化．结果表明：单面干燥条件下,各混凝土中均存在明显的内外层收缩差和湿度梯度差,且这种收缩变形差随干燥龄期的延长逐渐增大．距离干燥表面任一深度处,混凝土的最终收缩变形和单位相对湿度降低引起的收缩值均随粉煤灰的掺入而减小．掺粉煤灰使混凝土的内外层收缩变形差在开始一周内的增长速率加快,但却使最终收缩梯度差变小．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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