基于改进裂纹扩展模型的船舶焊接结构疲劳寿命可靠性预报

摘要： 结合考虑应力比的改进Paris公式,推导焊接结构疲劳极限状态方程.采用数值积分方法求解疲劳裂纹扩展寿命,结合Monte Carlo模拟方法给出了船舶结构疲劳寿命可靠性预报的流程,并对某大型集装箱船甲板进行了疲劳寿命可靠性预报,讨论了各参数对预报结果的影响.结果显示,采用数值积分方法的计算结果与cycle-by-cycle方法的计算结果差别较小,而计算速度相比于cycle-by-cycle方法有显著提高.此外,改进Paris公式的应用可以减小预报结果的变异系数,初始裂纹尺寸对疲劳寿命及可靠性影响显著,最终裂纹尺寸则影响不大.文中所述数值积分方法和可靠性预报流程可为工程结构快速进行疲劳裂纹扩展寿命计算或疲劳寿命可靠性预报提供参考.     

低合金超高强度钢跨尺度疲劳失效行为分析

为了研究40CrNi2Si2MoVA低合金超高强度钢的跨尺度疲劳失效行为,以约束应力区描述材料的损伤过程,以跨尺度应变能密度因子作为疲劳裂纹扩展的控制参量,建立宏微观跨尺度疲劳裂纹扩展统一模型。采用上述模型,利用光滑试样(应力集中系数Kt=1)的试验S-N曲线,拟合出疲劳模型中的材料参数。当考虑材料微结构对疲劳寿命的影响时,该模型可精确再现出疲劳试验数据的发散特性。利用该模型对不同应力集中系数下(Kt=2,3)含缺口试样的疲劳寿命进行了预测,理论计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。研究结果表明,合金钢材料的初始缺陷及微结构的演化特性,对疲劳寿命有显著影响,是疲劳试验数据发散的主要原因。     

A537钢室温与低温下疲劳裂纹扩展的基本控制参数优选

在研究海洋石油平台结构用钢Ａ５３７在室温下低温下疲劳裂纹扩展规律的基础上，用三个不同的控制参数对疲劳裂纹扩展寿命进行了估算，并以计算寿命与试验寿命差值之大小作为衡量标准，优选出各个温度下疲劳裂纹扩展的基本控制参数，研究结果表明，Ａ５３７钢室温疲劳裂纹扩展的基本控制参数为应力强度因子幅值，而低温疲劳裂纹扩展的基本控制参数则为最大Ｊ积分。     

A537钢室温与低温下疲劳裂纹扩展的基本控制参数优选

在研究海洋石油平台结构用钢Ａ５３７在室温与低温下疲劳裂纹扩展规律的基础上，用三个不同的控制多数对疲劳裂纹扩展寿命进行了估算，并以计算寿命与试验寿命差值之大小作为衡量标准，优选出各个温度下疲劳裂纹扩展的基本控制参数．研究结果表明，Ａ５３７钢室温疲劳裂纹扩展的基本控制参数为应力强度因子幅值，而低温疲劳裂纹扩展的基本控制参数则为最大Ｊ积分．     

圆柱齿轮齿根三维裂纹扩展分析及寿命预测

基于线弹性断裂力学理论,建立含齿根初始裂纹的圆柱齿轮三维边界元模型,计算了裂纹前缘应力强度因子;对初始裂纹进行自动扩展分析,得到齿根裂纹的扩展轨迹及裂纹扩展寿命。在此基础上,研究了载荷大小、裂纹尺寸、裂纹位置及裂纹方向对裂纹扩展寿命的影响规律。结果表明,齿根裂纹以先慢后快的速率扩展,齿宽方向比齿厚方向易于扩展;随着载荷及初始裂纹尺寸的增大,裂纹扩展寿命逐渐减小,载荷对扩展寿命的影响很大,初始裂纹深度对扩展寿命的影响大于裂纹宽度;初始裂纹越靠近齿轮端面扩展寿命越长,初始裂纹方向为-30°左右时,裂纹扩展寿命最短。     

带裂纹自增强设备的疲劳寿命估算

文中分析了内壁含有纵向裂纹的厚壁圆筒的应力强度因子的表达式,指出其中自由表面影响系数的Newman-Raju解是计算厚壁圆筒疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的首选表达式,同时还指出自增强处理能大幅度提高疲劳裂纹的扩展寿命,100%的超应变处理有最长的疲劳寿命。     

桥梁缆索钢丝裂纹扩展速率预测及疲劳寿命计算

为给桥梁缆索钢丝疲劳性能分析提供简单有效的方法,根据钢丝的微观组织结构和相关试验数据的统计分析结果,建立了钢丝疲劳裂纹扩展速率预测模型,并给出了模型参数的计算方法.通过变载刻痕法在原状钢丝上获取了稳定扩展区的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,预测模型较好地描述了试验获取的数据和文献中近门槛值区域钢丝的疲劳裂纹扩展规律.在此基础上,通过断裂力学方法计算了新钢丝和腐蚀钢丝的疲劳寿命并与试验数据相比较,结果表明:钢丝腐蚀不会对疲劳裂纹扩展速率产生影响,仍可用未腐蚀钢丝的力学性能通过本文方法进行预测,腐蚀钢丝疲劳寿命的变化是由于初始裂纹尺寸发生改变而引起.对于新钢丝和轻微腐蚀钢丝,可采用等效初始裂纹法进行疲劳寿命计算;当钢丝腐蚀较为严重时,疲劳总寿命基本由裂纹扩展寿命构成,初始裂纹尺寸即为真实锈坑深度.鉴于蚀坑深度分布的随机性,宜采用最大蚀坑深度对腐蚀钢丝进行疲劳寿命计算.     

光滑试样疲劳短裂纹的形成与扩展

对两种晶粒尺寸的中碳钢光滑试样进行了旋转弯曲疲劳试验；应用复型技术监测了短裂纹形成与扩展过程，研究了晶粒尺寸对短裂纹行为的影响。结果表明：裂纹形成几乎贯穿于整个疲劳过程；裂纹形成寿命小于失效寿命的１０％；表面长度小于２ｍｍ的短裂纹扩展寿命占整个疲劳寿命的８５％以上；晶粒尺寸和微观结构对短裂纹形成和扩展都有很大影响。     

7050铝合金材料R曲线的三维效应与试验研究

裂纹扩展阻力曲线(R曲线)反映了疲劳裂纹扩展断裂的真实物理过程,但是现阶段测量材料R曲线的方法在计算试样阻抗应力强度因子时,未考虑厚度的影响,并且在计算裂纹扩展阻力R时,仅考虑了平面应力状态与平面应变状态两种极端情况,忽略了更为普遍的过渡状态。首先对中心孔裂纹板进行了三维弹塑性有限元分析,通过计算其三维应力强度因子表示式,建立了裂纹扩展阻力与试样厚度的关系模型。其次,依据三维状态下能量释放率与应力强度因子的关系式,结合裂纹扩展阻力与试样厚度的关系式,建立了不同厚度试样三维裂纹扩展阻力R值的计算模型。最后,基于该模型,通过试验测定了不同厚度7050铝合金板的R曲线,得到了R曲线与试样厚度的函数关系式。     

铁路钢桥节点既有腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展寿命

为评估服役中铁路钢桥由于环境腐蚀作用产生初始裂纹后的剩余疲劳寿命,对列车行走荷载作用下铁路钢桥节点横梁处在环境腐蚀形成初始裂纹后的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命进行研究。以铜九(铜陵—九江)线鄱阳湖铁路钢桥为背景,基于子模型法的多尺度建模方法,运用通用有限元软件建立铁路钢桥整体壳体模型和节点横梁处含初始裂纹的精细网格划分的实体模型,获得了在列车行走荷载作用下铁路钢桥节点横梁处的精确动应力响应;基于断裂力学的四参数Forman公式对铁路钢桥在4种不同初始裂纹长度下的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展寿命进行了评估与对比,并对有无环境腐蚀作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命进行了对比分析。结果表明:基于子模型法的壳-实体多尺度建模方法既可以满足大型复杂结构在数值计算过程中的计算效率,又能够满足评估疲劳寿命计算所需的精确动力响应要求,可以精确评估铁路钢桥腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展寿命;铁路钢桥既有腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展寿命主要产生在小裂纹扩展阶段,计算得到0.5mm初始裂纹扩展到10mm时需要循环484 509次,占总扩展寿命的50.2%;铁路钢桥疲劳裂纹扩展寿命受环境腐蚀的影响非常大,其比无腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展寿命降低79%左右。研究结果可为预测疲劳裂纹发展趋势、评估铁路钢桥剩余寿命和评定结构的安全性与运营能力提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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