锰氧化物-海藻酸钠凝胶微球材料的制备及其在偶氮染料废水处理中的应用

采用水热法制备锰氧化物（MnO_x）,并与海藻酸钠（SA）相结合,成功制备了锰氧化物-海藻酸钠凝胶微球（MnO_x@MABs）材料.通过场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FT-IR）等一系列的表征手段,对所制备的凝胶微球的形貌结构、组成成分等进行分析.然后,根据过硫酸盐高级氧化的原理,利用凝胶微球活化过硫酸盐来降解偶氮染料废水的代表污染物日落黄.研究了MnO_x@MABs材料的投加量、废水的pH值、废水温度、过一硫酸盐（PMS）的投加量和不同日落黄初始浓度对日落黄降解效果的影响.结果表明：MnO_x@MABs/PMS体系能在广泛的pH值范围内降解日落黄,当日落黄初始质量浓度为200 mg·L^-1时,在0.5 mmol·L^-1的PMS、30 g·L^-1的MnO_x@MABs以及体系反应温度为40℃条件下,60 min内对日落黄的降解率可达到100%.     

CoFe2O4-Al2O3复合材料的制备及其在含日落黄废水处理中的应用

制备了铁酸钴-氧化铝（CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃）复合材料,并采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、比表面积和孔径分析仪对多孔CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃复合材料的物相和形貌进行了分析. 利用制备的CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃复合材料活化过硫酸氢钾（PMS）来降解废水溶液中的日落黄（SY）,通过研究CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃材料制备过程中Co²⁺,Fe³⁺和Al³⁺的物质的量之比、煅烧温度和时长对材料催化性能的影响,发现Co²⁺,Fe³⁺和Al³⁺的最佳物质的量之比为1:2:12,最佳煅烧温度为400 ℃和最佳煅烧时长为3 h. 对采用在最优条件下制得的CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃复合材料作为催化剂,PMS氧化降解含日落黄废水进行研究,考察了pH值、温度、不同体系、PMS用量、CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃材料用量和一些阴离子对日落黄降解的影响. 结果表明：在pH=7,温度为55 ℃条件下,用0.1 g催化剂和0.125 g PMS能使100 mL质量浓度为0.6 g·L^-1的日落黄溶液在30 min内降解率达到99.5%. 同时,碳酸氢根负离子（HCO₃^-）和硝酸根负离子（NO₃^-）的加入抑制了日落黄的降解,而Cl^-则能促进日落黄的降解. 此外,在进行4次循环使用后,CoFe₂O₄-Al₂O₃仍表现出很好的催化性能,日落黄去除效果仍能达到90%以上.     

金属有机骨架材料活化过硫酸盐高级氧化体系深度处理造纸废水

MOFs作为一种新型催化材料正成为环境领域的研究热点。本论文选取MOFs中MIL-100(Fe)、MIL-100(Fe)@MIP活化过硫酸钠(PS)产生硫酸根自由基(SO4^- .)深度处理造纸废水二级生化出水,研究常温下初始pH值、催化剂用量和PS投加量等因素对废水COD去除率的影响,并采用响应曲面法分析多因素对COD氧化降解效果的影响。结果表明MOFs活化PS高级氧化体系深度处理造纸废水最佳的活化条件为：PS:COD=12:1、催化剂用量2 g/L、体系的pH值为6,可以实现32%的COD去除率,响应曲面分析实验表明各影响因素对于降解效果的贡献顺序是：PS投加量>pH值> MIL-100(Fe)用量。     

氮磷水平对细基江蓠氮、磷吸收及生长的影响

为了解氮（N）、磷（P）水平对细基江蓠（Gracilaria tenuistipitata）植物营养生理生态特征的影响,以亚热带大型海藻细基江蓠为原材料,研究不同N、P浓度条件下细基江蓠的生长,净化吸收N、P及其之间的相互关系。结果表明：细基江蓠的相对生长速率随着N、P浓度的增加而升高,但藻体增重幅度跟营养盐浓度不成正比,在N和P初始浓度分别为160 μmol·L^-1和10 μmol·L^-1时增幅最大,N、P水平和N/P明显影响细基江蓠的生长。在低N、P浓度条件下细基江蓠对N、P的去除率更高,P₄组（N=64 μmol·L^-1、P=4 μmol·L^-1）对PO₄^3--P去除率高达96.8%,对NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N的去除率也表现出类似特征。细基江蓠在高N/P组对P的去除率高,在低N/P组对N的去除率高,N、P胁迫对细基江蓠的营养盐去除率有明显影响。各实验组中细基江蓠对PO₄^3--P、NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N的吸收速率随着初始营养盐浓度的增加而升高,分别在PO₄^3--P初始浓度为25 μmol·L^-1,无机氮（NO₃^--N：NH₄⁺-N浓度比为1：1）初始浓度为200 μmol·L^-1时吸收速率最大。适应富营养环境的细基江蓠倾向于按Redfield比吸收N、P,偏离Redfield比则对细基江蓠的生长有明显的抑制效应。细基江蓠对N、P高去除率的特性使其成为富营养化水质修复的潜在优良种类。     

ZnO/Bi2WO6异质结的制备及光催化制氢研究

试验采用水热法制备出薄片状Bi₂WO₆,并通过异质外延生长法在Bi₂WO₆薄片上生长ZnO纳米线微米盘,得到ZnO/Bi₂WO₆异质结。对样品进行的主要表征有扫描电子显微镜形貌观察、X射线粉末衍射、能谱分析、电化学阻抗谱等。结果表明,ZnO/Bi₂WO₆异质结由直径约1 μm、厚度为40~60 nm的Bi₂WO₆微米盘负载ZnO纳米线构成。在可见光下,ZnO/Bi₂WO₆异质结的光催化制氢性能明显优于纯ZnO及纯Bi₂WO₆,ZnO/Bi₂WO₆异质结的稳定性也较高。试验对比了纯Bi₂WO₆与ZnO/Bi₂WO₆异质结在可见光下催化制氢的速率,发现ZnO/Bi₂WO₆异质结的光催化效果明显高于纯Bi₂WO₆,且当生长母液浓度为8 mM （mmol/L）时,制氢速率最大为12 290.2 μm·mol·h^-1·g^-1,比纯Bi₂WO₆提高了2.2倍,在其循环试验18 h后,ZnO/Bi₂WO₆异质结仍能保持较稳定的制氢速率,保持率达到90%。     

纳米α-Fe2O3可见光催化剂的制备及掺杂改性研究进展

纳米α相三氧化二铁（α-Fe₂O₃）具有化学性质稳定、环境友好、制备成本低和窄禁带宽度的特性,是一种理想的可见光催化剂。文章介绍了α-Fe₂O₃不同制备方法的研究进展,尤其总结了一些特殊结构的制备工艺。着重分析了掺杂剂种类对α-Fe₂O₃的光催化降解有机污染物活性的影响和影响机制,并总结了α-Fe₂O₃光催化剂掺杂改性研究的发展趋势。     

亚铁联合不同氧化剂对石油烃污染场地热脱附废水的处理

采用亚铁（Fe²⁺）分别联合次氯酸钠（NaClO）、过硫酸钠（Na?S?O₈）和过氧化氢（H₂O₂） 3种氧化剂处理某原油浸染土壤的热脱附废水，考察了pH值、Fe²⁺投加量、氧化剂投加量和反应时间对处理效能的影响。Fe²⁺/H₂O₂和Fe²⁺/ Na?S?O₈均能有效去除热脱附废水中的典型污染物——石油烃物质，去除率分别达到100.0%和97.8%，但Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系对化学耗氧量（COD）的去除效果明显优于Fe²⁺/Na?S?O₈。Fe²⁺/H₂O₂可将有机物彻底氧化分解，而Fe²⁺/NaClO和Fe²⁺/Na?S?O₈仅是将有机物氧化分解为中间物质。多元变量分析结果表明，pH值和氧化剂投加量是影响去除效果的主要因素，Fe²⁺/H₂O₂处理热脱附废水的吨水处理成本较高，但是综合效果最好；Fe²⁺/Na?S?O₈处理成本次之，但无法彻底降解COD；Fe²⁺/NaClO成本最低，但对有机物去除效果最差。综合去除效果和经济因素考量， Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系更适用于处理热脱附废水。     

Iron fractions in the apoplast of intact root tips of Zea mays L. seedlings affected by nitrogen form

The effects of ammonium (NH₄⁺-N ) and nitrate ( NO₃^--N ) were examined on Fe fractions and FeCN (ferricyanide) reductase activity in intact root tips (0—3 cm) of young maize (Zea mays L. cv. Lenz) in solution culture by using short-term experiment under controlled Fe deficiency conditions (containing high HCO₃^- concentration in preculture solution). The results showed that Fe(Ⅱ) concentrations in root tip apoplast of maize were only 20—40 nmol/g FW which accounted for 7%—13% of total Fe. Most of Fe in root tips existed as Fe(Ⅲ) compounds. Imposition of the roots to NH₄⁺-N or NO₃^--N for 60 min led to an increase of Fe(Ⅱ) in root tip apoplast. NH₄⁺-N led to an increased concentration of Fe(Ⅱ) and exchangeable Fe (Fe(Ⅱ) and Fe (Ⅲ)) in root tips, while NO₃^--N increased FeCN reductase activity. The relationship between pH and Fe fractions, FeCN reductase activity was also discussed.     

紫外联用高级氧化技术降解氯霉素试验研究

为了实现紫外高级氧化技术在实际水处理中去除抗生素的应用,以氯霉素（CAP）为研究对象,对比了静态试验中紫外技术,连续流下单独紫外技术、紫外高级氧化技术（UV/H₂O₂、UV/PS）对氯霉素的去除效能。进一步分析了连续流下紫外光强、紫外光波长、停留时间、氧化剂投加量、氯霉素初始浓度和原水水质等因素对去除效果的影响。研究发现静态流单独紫外对于氯霉素120 min照射后,降解率大于80%,降解速率符合一阶动力学。实际连续流应用情况受停留时间限制,单独紫外氧化技术对氯霉素去除率较低。相同停留时间下,基于紫外UV/H₂O₂和UV/PS高级氧化技术对氯霉素的去除率大幅提高,分别达到58%和43%,紫外光激活氧化剂产生强氧化自由基（OH^·,SO₄^2-·）,起到主要作用。同时增大紫外光强、氧化剂投加量及降低氯霉素的初始浓度会增加氯霉素的降解效能。研究发现原水中存在的无机和有机污染物会降低紫外高级氧化技术对氯霉素的去除效率,但能同步去除原水中常规污染物,为基于紫外高级氧化技术的实际水处理推广应用提供了可能。     

Al-TiO2负载及Fenton协同催化降解苯酚废水

将Al-TiO₂光催化剂负载于金属钛板表面,以苯酚为目标污染物,考察负载后光催化剂的活性及持久耐用性. 采用与Fenton技术联用补偿光催化剂负载后活性的降低,探讨负载的Al-TiO₂2与Fenton联用的效果及影响因素. 结果表明： 负载于金属钛板的Al-TiO₂活性有所降低,但持久耐用;Al-TiO₂与Fenton联用,在1h内苯酚和COD的去除效率分别从29.88%和23.65%提高至95.86%和93.89%,分别提高了65.98%和70.24%;协同体系中H2O₂投加量0.2mL·L^-1,Fe²⁺浓度0.6mmol·L^-1,改性纳米TiO₂光催化剂固定量0.36g,反应初始pH为4,同时光源达300W时苯酚1h内能完全降解.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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