开口U形肋组合桥面板基本力学性能

为了检验所提出的开口U形肋组合桥面板在桥梁使用中的受力性能,并区分其与常规桥面板的受力性能,设计制作了3个不同桥面板试件,其中包括1个混凝土桥面板、1个正交异性钢桥面板、1个带U形肋组合桥面板.通过静力试验测试了不同桥面板在荷载作用下负弯矩区混凝土开裂情况、桥面板不同部位的结构应变和变形、极限承载力等.试验结果表明,在车轮荷载作用下,开口U形肋组合桥面板的应力远远低于正交异性钢桥面板的应力,避免了桥面板钢结构疲劳的发生;在重量比混凝土桥面板小57%的情况下,组合桥面板的承载力是混凝土桥面板的1.42倍;在用钢量约为钢桥面板1/2的情况下,二者的承载力相当.     

T形肋正交异性组合桥面板力学性能

为了检验所提出的T形肋正交异性组合桥面板在局部车轮荷载作用下的受力特性及这种桥面板在桥梁第二体系中的受力性能,并区分其与常规桥面板的受力性能,设计制作了4个不同桥面板试件,其中包括一个混凝土桥面板,一个正交异性钢桥面板,两个不同尺寸的T形肋正交异性组合桥面板.通过静力试验测试了不同桥面板在荷载作用下负弯矩区混凝土开裂情况、桥面板不同部位的结构应变和变形等.试验结果表明T形肋正交异性组合桥面板在车轮荷载作用下其局部应力水平显著低于正交异性钢桥面板,相同宽度的T形肋正交异性组合桥面板其极限抗弯承载力分别是混凝土桥面板和钢桥面板的2.30倍和1.57倍以上,表明T形肋正交异性组合桥面板具有较强的抗疲劳性能.     

PBL抗剪连接件疲劳后的剩余力学性能研究

为研究钢-混凝土组合结构中PBL(Perfobond Leiste)抗剪连接件在疲劳荷载作用后的力学性能退化规律,设计并制作了9个PBL连接件的推出试件分别进行静力和疲劳试验.其中3个试件为静力破坏试验,重点关注了试件的破坏模式、极限承载力及荷载-滑移曲线.其余6个试件为在经历一定疲劳荷载循环次数后进行静力破坏试验,以疲劳循环次数,疲劳荷载比为参数变量,得到在不同疲劳参数作用后,PBL连接件的极限承载力、残余滑移量、抗剪刚度等力学性能的变化情况.研究结果表明,PBL连接件具有较好的延性,其静载和疲劳后静载的破坏模式均为一侧贯穿钢筋剪断、另一侧贯穿钢筋屈服.疲劳荷载比对PBL连接件剩余承载力影响较大,在同样经历了300万次的循环加载后,荷载比为0.5的极限承载力基本没有下降,而荷载比为0.7的承载力仅为初始静载试验的76.1%;在相同荷载比(0.6)情况下,PBL连接件的承载力随疲劳加载次数呈先慢后快的非线性退化趋势.相对于荷载比而言,残余滑移量对疲劳循环次数更为敏感.抗剪刚度在整个疲劳加载过程中基本保持不变.     

组合桥面板车轮荷载作用下局部受力试验研究

通过静力试验考察不同桥面板在车轮荷载作用下的局部受力性能,测试了桥面板不同部位的结构应变和变形。试验结果表明:在车轮荷载作用下,组合桥面板焊缝附近的应力水平远远低于正交异性钢桥面板,可以大大减小桥面板发生疲劳破坏的可能性,提高混凝土的性能可以降低该部位的应力水平,但不太明显,该种组合桥面板用钢量较普通正交异性钢桥面板大大减     

组合桥面板U肋对接焊缝疲劳破坏及修复方法试验

为了研究弯折U形肋组合桥面板的疲劳性能以及疲劳开裂后的修补方法,对一个带连续弯折U形肋的组合桥面板试件进行了前后两次疲劳试验研究.首先对初始采用无衬垫对接焊缝的试件进行疲劳加载直到焊缝开裂;然后在开裂处采用带衬垫的对接焊缝加固,再次进行疲劳加载直到破坏.研究了组合桥面板疲劳破坏形态、开裂处疲劳强度评定、疲劳裂缝修复方法及修复后的疲劳性能.试验结果表明:在反复荷载作用下无衬垫单面焊的对接焊缝是正交异性组合桥面板的薄弱处,首先发生疲劳裂纹,采用带衬垫的熔透对接焊缝对开裂处进行修补,能起到较好的补强效果.     

球扁钢肋组合桥面板局部与整体力学性能

为了检验所提出的球扁钢肋组合桥面板在桥梁中使用的受力性能,设计制作了2个带球扁钢肋组合桥面板试件和1个正交异性钢桥面板试件.通过静力试验,测试桥面板不同部位的结构应变和变形,考察了球扁钢肋组合桥面板在车轮荷载作用下的局部受力性能,以及在正、负弯矩作用下的整体受力性能.试验结果表明:在车轮荷载作用下球扁钢肋组合桥面板的疲劳细节处应力水平非常小,大大降低了桥面板钢结构发生疲劳破坏的可能性;试件截面应变沿高度的分布符合平截面假定,在受弯破坏极限状态下,混凝土与钢板之间无明显滑移和脱层,球扁钢组合桥面板的钢板与混凝土之间组合作用良好;该种组合板具有良好的延性,并有较高的承载能力.     

带疲劳损伤的钢-混凝土组合梁受力性能试验研究

钢-混凝土组合梁在桥梁结构中应用广泛.车辆荷载会造成组合梁疲劳损伤的不断累积,从而对结构安全产生不利影响.为了研究疲劳损伤对钢-混凝土组合梁受力性能的影响,对7根组合梁试件开展了单调静力加载试验,其中5根组合梁试件在开展静力试验前经历了100万次的等幅疲劳加载.试验结果表明:在经历100万次的疲劳加载后,疲劳损伤会导致组合梁的极限变形能力降低,但组合梁的延性系数仍大于4.6,最终破坏形态均属于弯曲破坏;疲劳加载使钢材发生了强化效应,组合梁的屈服荷载均有所提高;部分抗剪连接组合梁的极限承载能力普遍降低,最大降幅约为初始极限承载力的7.3%;在抗剪连接程度相同的情况下,采用直径13或16 mm栓钉对组合梁的极限承载力无明显影响.     

带开孔板连接件的压型钢板‒混凝土组合桥面板疲劳性能试验研究

为研究带开孔板连接件（PBL连接件）的压型钢板?混凝土组合桥面板的疲劳性能，设计制作了1块连续组合桥面板试件，试件长9.25 m，宽1.5 m，最大混凝土板厚24 cm，压型钢板厚3 mm；开展了单点变幅疲劳加载和间隔性的静力加载试验，测试了试件的跨中挠度、钢底板和负弯矩区钢筋应变，观测了负弯矩区混凝土裂缝的分布与发展，测量了最大裂缝宽度，得到了组合桥面板试件受力性能随疲劳加载次数增加而退化的过程以及和试件的疲劳破坏形态。试验结果表明：组合桥面板试件的受力性能随着疲劳加载次数的增加而发生退化；在经过累计600万次疲劳加载后试件未发生破坏，表明其具有较好的抗疲劳性能；组合桥面板试件最终的疲劳破坏形态为跨中截面钢底板断裂破坏，裂纹最先萌生于PBL连接件与钢底板焊接位置，同时静载下负弯矩区混凝土的最大裂缝宽度达到了0.2 mm，利用线性损伤准则分析了已有的S-N（应力幅?循环次数）曲线对组合桥面板的适用性。     

纤维增强混凝土刚性铺装钢桥面板受力性能试验

为了研究钢纤维混凝土作为刚性铺装对正交异性钢桥面板受力性能的改善,设计制作了1个正交异性钢桥面板试件及1个带刚性铺装的钢桥面板试件。通过静力试验,考察了桥面板在车轮荷载作用下结构的受力性能,测试了桥面板不同部位的结构应变和变形。试验结果表明:采用钢纤维混凝土作为刚性铺装,能显著改善在车轮荷载作用下钢桥面板焊缝附近的疲劳性能,可以大大减小桥面板发生疲劳破坏的可能性;采用适当连接件的刚性铺装可以提高桥面板的刚度。     

正交异性钢-混凝土组合板负弯矩区抗弯性能分析

为探究正交异性钢-混凝土组合板负弯矩区的抗弯性能，对3块正交异性钢-混凝土组合板进行了抗弯静载试验和非线性数值分析，研究了不同因素对混凝土负弯矩开裂荷载和组合板整体抗弯极限承载力的影响.结果表明：正交异性钢-混凝土组合板呈现典型的弯曲破坏形态；当钢纤维体积分数为1%时，钢-混凝土组合板开裂弯矩的提升率最大，但钢纤维体积分数的改变对整体抗弯极限承载力影响较小；正交异性钢-混凝土组合板的开裂弯矩与正交异性钢板强度无关，极限弯矩则随钢板强度的增加而增大；增加混凝土板厚能提高组合板开裂弯矩和极限弯矩，当混凝土板厚度与正交异性钢板高度比值为0.8时，开裂弯矩的提升率最大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has