内蒙古和林格尔东周时期古代人群的分子遗传学分析

对10个古代个体的线粒体DNA高可变Ⅰ区进行了扩增和测序. 基于和林格尔古代人群与现今相关欧亚人群的mtDNA序列， 进行了系统发育分析和多维尺度分析. 研究结果表明, 和林格尔古代人群在母系遗传上与现在北亚人群的亲缘关系最近. 结合考古学、 人类学以及分子生物学的研究， 推断这个古代人群是从蒙古高原以及外贝加尔地区南下迁移至今天的内蒙古和林格尔地区的游牧人.     

新疆扎滚鲁克古代人群的线粒体DNA分析

从15例扎滚鲁克古代人牙齿样本中提取扩增线粒体DNA, 确定其单倍型归属, 并结合相关现代人群进行了系统发育分析和多维尺度分析. 结果表明,扎滚鲁克古代人群与现代中亚人群有较近的母系遗传关系, 是欧亚混合人群. 与以前的新疆古代人群研究相比, 该人群东部欧亚序列的成分明显增多, 这可能与人群所处的地理及历史时代相关.     

内蒙古砧子山墓地古人的线粒体DNA多态性分析

为了研究内蒙古元上都遗址砧子山墓地古代人群的遗传结构及其可能来源,对该墓地古人的DNA进行了抽提、扩增和测序,获得了10个个体的线粒体DNA高可变一区序列.结合现代东亚、北亚、中亚和欧洲人的线粒体DNA数据进行了系统发育分析和多维尺度分析.研究结果表明:埋藏在砧子山墓地的元代居民为汉族人,主要是来自中国北方地区的汉族.本研究为揭示元代的复杂社会结构和人群历史动态提供了新的方法.     

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Bronze Age horses recovered from Chifeng region, Inner Mongolia, China

In this study, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis was carried out on 9 Bronze Age horses recovered from Dashanqian and Jinggouzi archaeological sites in Chifeng region, Inner Mongolia. China to explore the origin of Chinese domestic horses. Both mtDNA 16S rRNA gene and control region (D-loop) fragments of ancient horses were amplified and sequenced. The analysis of the highly conservative 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the burial environment of Chifeng region is suitable for the preservation of ancient DNA (aDNA). Combing 465 mtDNA D-loop sequences representing different breeds from East Asia, Central Asia, Near East and Europe, we constructed a phylogenetic network to investigate the relationship between ancient and modern horses. The phylogenetic network showed that the 9 horses were distributed into different modern horse clusters which were closely related to them representing a certain geographical distribution. Our results showed that the maternal genetic line of the ancient horses in Chifeng region was highly diversified, which contributed to the gene pool of modern domestic horses and suggested a complex origin of domestic horses in China.     

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Bronze Age horses recovered from Chifeng region, Inner Mongolia, China

In this study, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis was carried out on 9 Bronze Age horses recovered from Dashanqian and Jinggouzi archaeological sites in Chifeng region, Inner Mongolia. China to explore the origin of Chinese domestic horses. Both mtDNA 16S rRNA gene and control region (D-loop) fragments of ancient horses were amplified and sequenced. The analysis of the highly conservative 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the burial environment of Chifeng region is suitable for the preservation of ancient DNA (aDNA). Combing 465 mtDNA D-loop sequences representing different breeds from East Asia, Central Asia, Near East and Europe, we constructed a phylogenetic network to investigate the relationship between ancient and modern horses. The phylogenetic network showed that the 9 horses were distributed into different modern horse clusters which were closely related to them representing a certain geographical distribution. Our results showed that the maternal genetic line of the ancient horses in Chifeng region was highly diversified, which contributed to the gene pool of modern domestic horses and suggested a complex origin of domestic horses in China.     

饮牛沟墓地古人骨线粒体DNA的研究

对内蒙古饮牛沟战国时期墓地的古代人群（Yng古代人群）进行分子生物学研究, 获得了线粒体高可变一区DNA序列, 初步确定了单倍型归属并搜寻其共享序列, 与现代人群对比构建系统发育树和多维尺度分析. 结果表明, 饮牛沟古代人群与现代东亚人群在母系遗传关系上较近.     

Pitfalls in the analysis of ancient human mtDNA

The retrieval of DNA from ancient human specimens is not always successful owing to DNA deterioration and contamination although it is vital to provide new insights into the genetic structure of ancient people and to reconstruct the past history. Normally, only short DNA fragments can be retrieved from the ancient specimens. How to identify the authenticity of DNA obtained and to uncover the information it contained are difficult. We employed the ancient mtDNAs reported from Central Asia (including Xinjiang, China) as an example to discern potentially extraneous DNA contamination based on the updated mtDNA phylogeny derived from mtDNA control region, coding region, as well as complete sequence information. Our results demonstrated that many mtDNAs reported are more or less problematic.Startim, from a reliable mtDNA phylogeney and combining the available modern data into analysis, one can ascertain the authenticity of the ancient DNA, distinguish the potential errors in a data set, and efficiently decipher the meager information it harbored. The reappraisal of the mtDNAs with the age of more than 2000 years from Central Asia gave support to the suggestion of extensively (pre)historical gene admixture in this region.     

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient Sampula population in Xinjiang

The archaeological site of Sampula cemetery was located about 14 km to the southwest of the Luo County in Xinjiang Khotan,China,belonging to the ancient Yutian kingdom.~14C analysis showed that this cemetery was used from 217 B.C.to 283 A.D. Ancient DNA was analyzed by 364 bp of the mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region I (mtDNA HVR-I),and by six restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) sites of mtDNA coding region.We successfully extracted and sequenced intact stretches of maternally inher- ited mtDNA from 13 out of 16 ancient Sampula samples.The analysis of mtDNA haplogroup distribution showed that the ancient Sampula was a complex population with both European and Asian characteristics.Median joining network of U3 sub-haplogroup and multi-dimen- sional scaling analysis all showed that the ancient Sampula had maternal relationship with Ossetian and Iranian.     

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient Sampula population in Xinjiang

The archaeological site of Sampula cemetery was located about 14 km to the southwest of the Luo County in Xinjiang Khotan, China, belonging to the ancient Yutian kingdom. ¹⁴C analysis showed that this cemetery was used from 217 B.C. to 283 A.D. Ancient DNA was analyzed by 364 bp of the mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region I (mtDNA HVR-I), and by six restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) sites of mtDNA coding region. We successfully extracted and sequenced intact stretches of maternally inherited mtDNA from 13 out of 16 ancient Sampula samples. The analysis of mtDNA haplogroup distribution showed that the ancient Sampula was a complex population with both European and Asian characteristics. Median joining network of U3 sub-haplogroup and multi-dimensional scaling analysis all showed that the ancient Sampula had maternal relationship with Ossetian and Iranian.     

GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG CHINESE SIKA DEER (CERVUS NIPPON) POPULATIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CHINESE AND JAPANESE SIKA DEER

SIKA DEER,CERVUS NIPPON,WAS HISTORICALLY WIDE-SPREAD THROUGHOUT NORTHEASTERN ASIA,FROM THE USSURI REGION TO VIETNAM,INCLUDING THE KOREAN PENINSULA,MAINLAND CHINA AND TAIWAN,AND THE JAPANESE ARCHI-PELAGO,AND UP TO13SUBSPECIES HAVE BEEN DESCRIBED[1].THE FOS…     

Genetic diversity among Chinese sika deer （Cerrus nippon） populations and relationships between Chinese and Japanese sika deer

Sika deer （Cervus nippon） is a cervid endemic to mainland and insular Asia and endangered. We analyzed variation in the mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） control region for four subspecies to understand the genetic diversity, population structure and evolutionary history in China. 335 bp were sequenced and eight haplotypes were identified based on 25 variable sites among the populations. Sika deer in China showed lower genetic diversity, sug- gesting a small effective population size due to habitat fragmentation, a low number of founder individuals, or the narrow breeding program. AMOVA analysis indicated that there was significant genetic subdivision among the four populations, but no correlation between the genetic and geographic distance. PhyIogenetic analyses also revealed that Chinese sika deer may be divided into three genetic clades, but the genetic structure among Chinese populations was inconsistent with subspecies designations and present geographic distribution. Including the sequence data of Japanese sika deer, the results indicated that Chinese populations were more closely related to Southern Japanese populations than to the Northern Japanese one, and the Taiwan population was closer to populations of Northeastern China and Sichuan than to those of Southern China.     

内蒙古5种冰草属(Agropyron J.Gaertn.)植物的花粉形态

利用扫描电镜首次观察了内蒙古境内5种冰草属植物的花粉形态,发现其花粉在表面蚊饰、孔缘、孔盖及孔缘的纹饰等4方面存在一定的差异,并根据这些差异编制了冰草属植物花粉形态分种检索表,同时也探讨了花粉形态特征在种间关系中的价值。     

分子生物学技术及其在环境样品微生物分析中的应用

综述了荧光原位杂交(FISH)、多聚酶链式反应(PCR)、DNA克隆及DNA测序等分子生物学技术,并将这些分子生物学技术应用到淡水水体底泥厌氧氨氧化茵(anammox菌)和好氧氨氧化菌的原位检测中,从底泥样品中鉴别出这两种细菌,其中好氧氨氧化菌属于亚硝酸单胞菌属,厌氧氨氧化菌属于anammox菌的Brocadia分支,为进一步研究淡水环境中氮的微生物循环过程提供了一定的依据．     

内蒙古民族人口发展模型

对内蒙古的蒙古族、汉族以及达斡尔族、鄂温克族和鄂伦春族人口发展模型、发展特点和蒙古族、汉族人口未来发展预测模型进行了研究和探讨。     

内蒙古阿拉善地区沙米自然分布格局特征研究

本文根据野外调查的样地资料,应用方差/均值比率法、聚集指数、平均拥挤度、聚块性指数、Green指数和负二项分布的聚集强度等方法,研究了内蒙古阿拉善左旗境内的沙米种群的分布格局并分析格局形成的原因.结果表明:沙米的分布格局属于聚集分布,但其在不同类型地域的聚集强度有差异.     

内蒙古东部地区583例蒙古族人群腰椎骨密度分析

目的：了解内蒙古东部地区蒙古族人群不同年龄、不同性别骨密度情况,为蒙古族骨质疏松症的防治提供依据.方法：应用OSTEOCORE型双能X线骨密度仪测定了583名20岁以上的蒙古族人群的腰椎骨密度.结果：男性腰椎骨密度峰值年龄在20～29岁,女性腰椎骨密度峰值年龄在30～39岁：性别间比较,50岁以前男女性骨密度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,50岁以后性别间差异有统计学意义,且女性骨密度明显低于男性（P<0.01）.结论：50岁以前男女骨密度差异不明显,50岁后女性骨密度明显降低.     

分子标记与小麦群体遗传结构分析

小麦是我国主要的农作物之一,其遗传结构的研究,目前倍受分子生物学家和小麦育种学家的高度重视。现代分子生物学的发展为小麦群体遗传结构的分析提供了一条更新更广阔的途径本文论述了群体遗传结构研究方法的发展,着重讨论几种主要的分子标记及其在小麦群体遗传结构分析中的应用。     

侵入种刺苍耳在内蒙古和宁夏的分布

报道了刺苍耳(X anth ium sp inosum L.)在呼和浩特和宁夏中卫地区的逸生状况,并对其形态学、生物学和生境特点作了阐述.指出了它的危害性和目前的防治办法,作出它在中国的现状分布图,并推测了其未来扩展分布区.     

内蒙古乌拉特后旗荒漠蜥蜴种间关系研究

在内蒙古乌拉特后旗 (41°26'N,106°58'E,) 荒漠,变色沙蜥(Phrynocephalus versicolor)为蜥蜴群落的优势种,密点麻蜥(Eremias multiocellata)和无斑沙蜥(P.immaculatus)为伴生种.3种蜥蜴之间的时间生态位重叠指数均大于0.7.变色沙蜥具最大的空间生态位宽度指数(9.72)却具最小的营养生态位宽度指数(2.99),而密点麻蜥却相反(1.02和5.58),这2种蜥蜴的空间和营养生态位重叠指数分别为0.54和0.60,这两项指标在2种沙蜥之间分别为0.75和0.51.无斑沙蜥与密点麻蜥的空间生态位重叠指数最小(0.11),但营养生态位重叠指数却最大(0.92).     

青海湖裸鲤的种群结构和线粒体DNA变异

对青海湖裸鲤55个个体Cytb基因全序列进行了测定和分析,探讨了种群结构和群体遗传多样性。用MEGA2.1软件分析了碱基组成和序列变异;以黄河花斑裸鲤为外群,构建了单倍型的NJ树;用Arlequin Ver.2 000程序计算了群体内遗传变异值(Fst)。结果显示,青海湖裸鲤群体没有显著的种群结构,提示青海湖裸鲤群体内存在广泛的基因交流;种群的遗传多样性较低(π=0.7828±0.0532),青海湖裸鲤种群很可能在历史上遭受过严重的“瓶颈效应”。