累积叠轧焊工艺改善普碳钢材料性能特征

在普通热轧机上利用累积叠轧焊工艺对普碳钢Q235进行了实验研究,重点研究了压下量(最大压下量98%)、循环轧制次数等工艺参数对Q235钢组织及性能的影响规律.结果表明:在普通热轧机上应用累积叠轧焊工艺对同种材料进行焊合,不仅可以获得连续、均匀的结合组织,而且使Q235钢的组织得到明显的细化,夹杂物分布更加均匀,材料的强度大幅度提高,抗拉强度达800MPa以上.     

TA1/Q235钢累积叠压变形特性及界面组织

采用累积叠轧压方法,研究了TA1/Q235钢累积叠压变形特性及界面组织.研究结果表明:随着总应变的增加,TA1与Q235钢的变形程度的差别增大,当真应变大于1.0时二者的变形差基本上维持在1.0左右.TA1的应变在850～900℃范围内发生突变,并伴随着径向变形差值增大.当变形温度小于850℃时,在Q235钢侧,呈现出非常明显的垂直于压缩方向的变形组织;当复合变形温度为850～950℃时,在Q235钢侧出现了明显的铁素体柱状晶组织,晶粒排列整齐,几乎都垂直于界面,并且随着温度升高,铁素体晶粒粗化.当累积变形量小于1.5、变形温度为850℃时,金属间化合物的厚度为0.7～1μm,当累积变形量为2.0时厚度约1.7μm.当累积变形量为1.0时,在700～850℃条件下压制,界面化合物层厚度变化不大,为0.8～1μm,900℃时其厚度增加了1倍多,950℃时达到约2.3μm.     

25Cr5MoA/Q235钢复合板的结合性能

将25Cr5MoA/Q235钢板复合板坯加热到800～1 100 ℃,经保温后轧制1道次,压下量为50%～70%,制成25Cr5MoA/Q235钢热轧复合板试样. 用材料力学性能试验机测试复合板试样复合界面的剪切强度,用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察界面的组织. 结果表明:当轧制温度在900～1 000 ℃时,有利于25Cr5MoA/Q235钢的复合;道次压下量对25Cr5MoA/Q235钢复合板界面结合强度影响非常大,道次压下量大,有利于形成更多洁净、活化的新生表面,并且可以细化晶粒,提高复合板的结合强度;金属组织中晶粒的梯度变化,有利于提高双金属复合材料的结合强度.     

25Cr5MoA钢/微合金钢/Q235钢的复合轧制

将25Cr5MoA钢/微合金钢/Q235钢板复合板坯加热到轧制温度950～1100℃,经保温后轧制1道次,压下量为50%～65%,制成25Cr5MoA钢/微合金钢/Q235钢热轧复合板试样.利用剪切实验方法测定了复合板材的界面结合强度,通过光学显微镜观察结合界面的组织.结果表明:当轧制温度为1000～1100℃时,25Cr5MoA钢/微合金钢/Q235钢能有效复合;压下量对25Cr5MoA钢/Q235钢复合板界面结合强度有一定的影响,当压下量达到一定程度后,随着压下量的增加,复合板的结合强度逐渐降低;轧制温度对25Cr5MoA钢/微合金钢/Q235钢复合板界面结合强度影响很大,在道次压下量一定的情况下,随着轧制温度的升高,复合板的结合强度逐渐升高.在1100℃的轧制温度和50%压下量的轧制条件下结合强度达到最大值.     

累积叠轧焊强化金属材料的力学性能

在多功能热轧机上对广泛应用的代表性金属材料Q235碳素钢和L2铝分别进行了累积叠轧焊实验,重点研究了变形温度、累积叠轧次数和压下量对金属材料强度、应力-应变曲线、显微硬度、塑性的影响规律,分析了规律形成的原因.结果表明:Q235碳素钢和L2铝在不加入任何强化元素的情况下完全可以达到良好的自身结合,材料的抗拉强度得到提高,金属材料的塑性分别有不同程度的下降.     

碳扩散对非真空热轧不锈钢复合板结合性能的影响

采用非真空热轧方法制备304不锈钢/Q235碳钢复合板材,利用OM、SEM、EDS等研究了不同压下率和轧后冷却方式下复合界面夹杂物、界面组织及力学行为的演变,并分析了C扩散对复合板界面组织形成及结合强度的影响。结果表明,随着轧制压下率的增加,界面夹杂物由块状向线型、连续点状乃至弥散点状分布变化。当压下率较低(28%)时,复合板剪切断裂位于结合界面处,随着压下率增加至47%及以上,复合板断裂位置为脱碳铁素体区。另外,热轧复合板经水冷工艺处理后,由于冷却速率较快,要抑制碳钢侧C元素的扩散,避免复合界面处脱碳区域的形成,从而提高了复合界面的结合强度。     

轧制温度对TA1/Q345复合板性能的影响

相对于爆炸复合法和爆炸-轧制复合法而言,采用真空-轧制生产钛钢复合板的方法更加适应大规模生产需要.本实验将TA1钛材置于两块Q345钢材中间组成组合坯,组合坯经抽真空至0.1 Pa后密封,在840～930℃下进行加热轧制,对轧制复合样进行力学性能检测,并利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析及显微硬度仪对组织与界面结合度进行分析.在该实验条件下,钛钢复合板剪切强度在159 MPa以上,达到了1类复合板标准要求,870℃轧制复合板性能较优.900和930℃轧制时,钛发生相变,同时在界面处生成了较多的金属间化合物,钛和钢的变形抗力相差过大和变形不协调导致界面附近的内应力变大,这些因素都降低了界面的剪切强度.840℃轧制后剪切强度低的原因是由于温度过低影响了界面附近元素的扩散.     

45钢/25Cr5MoA/Q235钢固-固复合轴界面特性

采用热挤压方法制成45钢/25Cr5 MoA/Q235钢三层结构的复合轴,研究了结合界面的组织、Cr元素扩散和结合性能.结果表明:采用热装方式制成的25Cr5 MoA/Q235钢固-固复合坯料,在界面形成一定厚度的氧化皮,即使经过挤压和热处理后,也无法彻底消除结合界面氧化皮对结合性能的影响;采用间隙配合的25Cr5 MoA/45钢固-固复合界面,由于在挤压前经过良好的表面处理,挤压后的界面几乎没有氧化物存在,形成了较为完整的过渡区,经过高温保温过程,在结合界面会形成Cr的碳化物,对Cr和C的扩散起到阻碍作用;经过挤压后,25Cr5 MoA/Q235钢、25Cr5 MoA/45钢结合界面的结合强度均比较低.与复合板相比,复合轴结构上所具有的特点,使其即使初期结合强度较低,也不易产生剥离;经过后续热处理,通过元素的扩散过程,可以提高复合轴的结合强度.     

钛-钢复合板中Ni夹层对界面结合强度的影响

为了提高钛-钢复合板界面结合强度,本文提出在钛-钢之间加入Ni箔作为过渡层,采用真空轧制方法制备TA1-Ni-Q235复合板,研究了Ni中间层厚度及轧制温度对复合板组织及结合强度的影响。实验结果表明,Ni中间层可有效阻止Ti-Fe和TiC化合物生成,随着Ni中间层厚度增加,阻止C元素扩散作用加强,界面结合强度提高;随着轧制压下率的增加,界面结合强度提高;随着轧制温度的提高,界面化合物层厚度增加,界面结合强度下降,其中,Ti-Ni界面处形成Ti₂Ni和TiNi化合物。     

25Cr5MoA钢/Q235钢固-液复合轴界面Cr元素扩散行为

提出了金属梯度结构轴的概念.研究了固-液复合的25Cr5MoA钢/Q235钢复合轴的组织、Cr元素的扩散以及结合界面附近显微硬度的变化规律.结果表明:经过挤压变形后,25Cr5MoA钢/Q235钢界面形成了良好的冶金结合,二者结合紧密,除了组织结构的差别外,二者的结合界面已经难以区分.结合界面附近Cr元素在固-液复合时得到充分扩散,并呈现出连续分布的形态.从界面向Q235钢和25Cr5MoA钢两侧±100μm范围内,硬度呈现出均匀、连续分布.经过热处理后,随着加热温度的升高和加热时间的延长,Cr元素在结合界面附近的分布更加均匀,分布曲线在界面的斜率进一步降低,使结合界面附近25Cr5MoA钢的一侧的显微硬度大幅度降低,这有利于形成化学成分、组织以及性能的梯度变化.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that