印度尼西亚海砂氧化性球团氢气还原机理

对印度尼西亚海砂矿氧化性球团氢气还原的规律做了较详细的研究。实验采用失重的方法,通过对反应过程的物相变化、热力学以及动力学方面的分析,探究了海砂球团矿氢气还原的机理。结果表明：温度在800℃和850℃,还原反应的最终产物主要是FeTiO3,整个反应限制环节是由两个不同阶段的过程组成,反应开始阶段由界面化学反应控制,之后由界面化学反应与内扩散共同控制；在900、950和1000℃三个温度下,反应产物中有钛氧化物出现,整个还原反应由三个不同的限制性环节组成,开始由界面化学反应控制,反应中间阶段是由界面化学反应和内扩散共同控制,反应后期则是由内扩散控制为主。     

CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-V2O5渣系中钒熔融还原动力学

实验室条件下, 进行了碳饱和铁水还原CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-V2O5渣中V2O5反应的动力学研究. 在考察了各种因素对还原反应速度和反应程度影响的基础上,进一步探讨了还原反应机理,计算了各种条件下的表观速度常数. 研究表明:高温、合适碱度、大铁渣比以及高初始V2O5含量,使得还原反应进行得较快,效果较好. 反应达到平衡之前,还原反应为表观一级反应. 计算得到还原反应的表观活化能为23.21kJ·mol-1,表明反应的限制性环节为铁液中V的扩散传质.     

富铁镍渣煤基氢冶金等温还原动力学研究

采用煤基氢冶金工艺对富铁镍渣中的铁组元进行高效还原,研究了不同温度下镍渣球团等温还原过程金属化率变化规律,利用粒子模型和未反应核模型对镍渣球团的煤基氢还原动力学过程进行分析讨论,明确了各反应阶段的控制环节并建立了相应动力学方程.研究表明：以高挥发分煤为还原介质,掺煤镍渣球团在1 300℃还原焙烧20 min的金属化率可达90.2%;球团还原过程可分为反应初期、中期和后期3个阶段,其反应动力学分别受界面化学反应控制、反应-扩散混合控制和内扩散控制,反应表观活化能(E_a)分别为1 74.01、124.15、83.14 kJ/mol.     

FeO高温气—固还原动力学研究

在１１８０－１３３０℃，通过测定浮氏体颗粒在流化床中被ＣＯ还原的反应速度，并应用未反应核模型处理数据，得到还原反应速度方程和表观活化能，研究表明氧离子在还原后生成铁层中的固相扩散为还原过程的限制性环节，但是过程呈现明显的两段速度特征，在反应后期，由于生成铁相发生晶格转变，使氧离子在铁层中的扩散更为困难，帮反应的活化能增大，反应速度明显减慢。     

铁矿石还原机理探讨

吸附——自动催化和离子扩散论理是铁矿石还原机理中两个基本的理论。本文运用结晶化学变化和传质原理,较详细地分析了这两个机理的实质,并导出了铁矿石还原过程的各个反应环节。这些环节能满意地解释铁氧化物的还原特性。     

基于随机孔模型的单颗粒多孔焦炭富氧燃烧特性

针对多孔焦炭颗粒富氧气氛中燃烧时,反应气体在颗粒孔结构中的扩散传质,内外表面上氧化还原的化学反应,孔隙结构变化等这些过程的分析,建立了以改进的随机孔模型为基础的物理和数学模型。研究了在不同浓度、温度下焦炭颗粒燃烧时,孔内化学反应速率、反应气体内扩散浓度和颗粒转化率等参数随内径的变化特性。结果表明,在研究工况的过渡控制区(1 200 K),氧化反应速率比还原反应速率高达3个数量级,随着氧浓度的增加,颗粒内部转化率变化率的拐点内移。     

基于随机孔模型下的单颗粒多孔焦炭富氧燃烧特性

针对多孔焦炭颗粒富氧气氛中燃烧时,反应气体在颗粒孔结构中的扩散传质,内外表面上氧化还原的化学反应,孔隙结构变化等这些过程的分析,建立了以改进的随机孔模型为基础的物理和数学模型。研究了在不同浓度、温度下焦炭颗粒燃烧时,孔内化学反应速率、反应气体内扩散浓度和颗粒转化率等参数随内径的变化特性。结果表明,在研究工况的过渡控制区(1 200 K),氧化反应速率比还原反应速率高达3个数量级,随着氧浓度的增加,颗粒内部转化率变化率的拐点内移。     

氩气氛铬铁矿含碳球团还原动力学

用热重法研究了铬铁矿含碳球团在氩气流中还原过程动力学,考察了还原温度、球团中配碳量和铬铁矿粉粒度等对还原过程的影响。应用颗粒模型对还原过程的实验数据进行了动力学解析,发现在本实验条件下,球团还原中对速度的限制步骤是铬铁矿颗粒还原产物层中的内扩散过程。进一步的分析步明,在 1 200℃ 以下和以上两个温度区间,该内扩散过程的活化能不同。分别求出了这两个区间的有效内扩散系数的阿仑尼乌斯表达式,得到了铬铁矿含碳球团还原过程的综合速度式。应用所获得的动力学方程对不同加热条件下的还原过程进行模拟计算,与实验结果相当符合。     

利用V_2O_5制备氮化钒铁的反应过程及动力学研究

采用TG-DSC技术对V_2O_5直接制备氮化钒铁的反应过程进行研究,并采用Coats-Redfern积分法对相关反应的动力学参数进行计算。研究结果表明:碳还原V_2O_5的反应在670℃左右开始显著发生,随温度升高,反应速度加快。在1 000℃以上时,碳化反应开始进行,在1 200℃左右,氮化反应可以显著发生,试样中可检测到氮化产物。在1 150～1 350℃反应的活化能要比970～1 100℃时的高,说明随着反应的进行,生成的碳化钒铁和氮化钒铁产物产生了一定的包覆作用,扩散过程阻碍了反应的进一步进行。高温还原氮化后的试样,碳、氮元素在四周分布密集,而在中间区域分布较少,这也印证了碳化产物和氮化产物存在着明显包覆作用的推论。     

气体扩散电极制备条件与氧还原反应活性关系的研究

在改变催化层中聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、造孔剂含量和热压压力等条件下制备气体扩散电极,通过计时电位法、阴极极化曲线对气体扩散电极进行测定,并将其结果用最小二乘法拟合得出电极的制备条件与氧气还原反应电化学参数之间的关系。电化学测试结果表明,各种条件下制备的电极的阴极极化过程都符合Rho提出的半经验公式规律;当气体扩散电极催化层PTFE面密度3.33mg/cm²、造孔剂(NH₄)HCO₃面密度1.05mg/cm²以及热压压力3.69MPa时,气体扩散电极的氧还原活性最佳。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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