谷氨酸能神经传递系统研究进展

谷氨酸广布于大脑皮质等处,以(-酮戊二酸、谷氨酰胺或鸟氨酸等为前体进行合成,通过快突触传递或慢突触传递与突触后膜上的三种类型的受体相结合,参与学习记忆、突触可塑性、细胞凋亡、自主运动神经活动及神经毒性作用等生理和病理功能。     

多巴胺与慢突触传递

介绍了2000年诺贝尔生理医学奖和慢突触传递的发现,讨论了多巴胺在神经信息传递过程中的化学机制以及与快突触传递相比较,慢突触传递的区别、特点、作用和意义。     

突触后神经元AMPA受体循环的机制

突触后神经元AMPA受体数量的动态调控是突触可塑性的核心机制.从受体聚集、转运到锚定和降解,每一个环节的失调都可能引起突触传递障碍,是神经发育障碍、退行性疾病以及认知功能障碍发生的根本原因.针对合成、转运、锚定和降解等一系列细胞内事件,总结AMPA受体在突触后膜实现突触传递功能的途径,并分析参与AMPA受体循环调控蛋白的作用,理解AMPA受体动态调控的基本生物学机制.     

忆阻器类脑神经突触的研究进展

大脑之所以能够控制人和动物的复杂生命活动,使生物体在多变的自然环境得以生存,得益于大规模神经网络中高效、快速、精准的信息传递。神经突触作为神经元之间信息传递的重要机构,保证了神经网络的高效运转,因此构建具有神经突触功能的电子突触是研究仿生系统和类脑神经网络的必经之路。研究人员尝试各种电子元件对神经突触进行模拟,其中忆阻器由于其独特的器件结构和具有“记忆特性”的电学性能,成为构建类脑神经突触的最佳选择。文章全面概述近年来忆阻器模拟神经突触的研究进展,包括忆阻器模拟神经突触的可塑性、再可塑性、非联想学习、联想学习等功能,总结了忆阻器神经突触在人工神经网络中的应用、存在的问题和挑战,并对忆阻器神经突触的研究进行展望。     

不同分子结构的取代苯基N-甲氨基甲酸酯类药物对蜚蠊第Ⅵ腹神经节突触传递的影响

取代苯基N-甲氨基甲酸酯类药物的抗胆碱酯酶能力与影响蜚蠊第Ⅵ腹神经节突触传递效力间存在平行关系。这表明乙酰胆碱在昆虫突触传递中具有生理意义。药物的结构不同对突触传递作用的程度亦不同。在苯环上引入取代基均使对突触传递的影响加强:引入甲基,以间位化合物效力最强;引入二甲基,以3,5-二甲基化合物效力最强。     

酒精暴露对内侧前额叶-伏隔核突触传递的影响

为了探讨长期酒精暴露对内侧前额叶-伏隔核突触传递及可塑性的影响,以雄性Wistar大鼠为模式动物,连续腹膜腔注射酒精(剂量为2 g/kg)或等体积蒸馏水2 d,间隔2 d重复此给药方式,持续14 d,最终共注射酒精或蒸馏水8次。处理结束后,利用在体细胞外电生理技术,在麻醉动物上记录内侧前额叶-伏隔核诱发场突触后电位。结果表明:长期酒精暴露不影响内侧前额叶-伏隔核的基础的谷氨酸能突触传递,却降低了内侧前额叶-伏隔核谷氨酸能突触的长时程抑制。     

突触可塑性与学习记忆

以LTP为例,通过综述前人实验及理论,对突触可塑性的两种表现形式:即结构可塑性和 传递效能可塑性与学习记忆的关系进行了研究.突触可塑性被认为是学习记忆的神经学基础,而其 中最受人们关注、研究最多的是突触传递的长时程增强(LTP).     

家禽睾丸主要神经递质分布及其功能的研究进展

睾丸是雄禽最重要的生殖器官,睾丸组织中的神经系统对精子的产生、雄激素的分泌等生殖功能具有十分关键的作用.神经系统通常由大量的神经元构成,突触是神经元之间的接触点,也是信息传递的关键部位.突触传递过程是由神经递质释放并作用于突触后膜完成的.因此,研究家禽睾丸神经递质的种类、分布及其相关功能对进一步了解家禽生殖功能具有十分重要的意义.本文主要概述胆碱能、胺能、肽能以及氨基酸能等神经系统中较为典型的神经递质,为睾丸神经调控方面的研究提供一定的参考资料.     

突触的超微结构

由于突触在神经信息传递中的极端重要性,引起了神经解剖学、生理学和生物化学等学科工作者的极大关注,近年来有关突触形态机能方面的研究日益深入,已从亚微结构层次向分子水平深化,新的研究成果不断向传统观点发出挑战。本文就突触超微结构方面的研究进展作一综述,以期为教学和科研提供有益的线索。     

钙离子对学习记忆的影响

Ca^2 作为神经信号传递的重要信使，参与学习记忆的神经机制。突触前和突触后细胞内钙离子在长时程突触的可塑性中发挥重要的信息传递作用。研究表明衰老性记忆障碍与中枢神经系统的Ca^2 稳态调节失衡有关。神经细胞内游离钙水平[Ca^2 ]i受多种机制的调节，主要包括Ca^2 的跨膜转运、细胞内钙池摄取与释放Ca^2 等过程；最近的研究表明神经胶质细胞也参与其调节。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~