微生物浸矿技术在我国的研究现状及发展前景

As the world’s second largest economy experiencing rapid economic growth, China has a huge demand for metals and energy. In recent years, China ranks first, among all the countries in the world, in the production and consumption of several metals such as copper, gold, and rare earth elements. Bioleaching, which is an approach for mining low grade and refractory ores, has been applied in industrial production, and bioleaching has made great contributions to the development of the Chinese mining industry. The exploration and application of bioleaching in China are reviewed in this study. Production and consumption trends of several metals in China over the past decade are reviewed. Technological processes at key bioleaching operations in China, such as at the Zijinshan Copper Mine and Mianhuakeng Uranium Mine, are presented. Also, the current challenges faced by bioleaching operations in China are introduced. Moreover, prospects such as efficiency improvement and environmental protection are proposed based on the current situation in the Chinese bioleaching industry.     

不同结构和形态的天然镁硅酸盐:与K反应制备生物柴油的K2MgSiO4催化剂

In this work, different magnesium silicate mineral samples based on antigorite, lizardite, chrysotile (which have the same general formula Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄), and talc (Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂) were reacted with KOH to prepare catalysts for biodiesel production. Simple impregnation with 20wt% K and treatment at 700–900°C led to a solid-state reaction to mainly form the K₂MgSiO₄ phase in all samples. These results indicate that the K ion can diffuse into the different Mg silicate structures and textures, likely through intercalation in the interlayer space of the different mineral samples followed by dehydroxylation and K₂MgSiO₄ formation. All the materials showed catalytic activity for the transesterification of soybean oil (1:6 of oil : methanol molar ratio, 5wt% of catalyst, 60°C). However, the best results were obtained for the antigorite and chrysotile precursors, which are discussed in terms of mineral structure and the more efficient formation of the active phase K₂MgSiO₄.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

PLGA/硬石复合涂层镁基纳米复合材料在植入应用时的体外生物活性和腐蚀行为

A type of polymer/ceramic coating was introduced on a magnesium-based nanocomposite, and the nanocomposite was evaluated for implant applications. The microstructure, corrosion, and bioactivity of the coated and uncoated samples were assessed. Mechanical alloying followed by sintering was applied to fabricate the Mg–3Zn–0.5Ag–15NiTi nanocomposite substrate. Moreover, different contents of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) coatings were studied, and 10wt% of PLGA content was selected. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the bulk nanocomposite showed an acceptable homogenous dispersion of the NiTi nanoparticles (NPs) in the Mg-based matrix. In the in vitro bioactivity evaluation, following the immersion of the uncoated and coated samples in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, the Ca/P atomic ratio demonstrated that the apatite formation amount on the coated sample was greater than that on the uncoated nanocomposite. Furthermore, assessing the corrosion resistance indicated that the coatings on the Mg-based substrate led to a corrosion current density (i_corr) that was considerably lower than that of the substrate. Such a condition revealed that the coating would provide an obstacle for the corrosion. Based on this study, the PLGA/hardystonite (HT) composite-coated Mg–3Zn–0.5Ag–15NiTi nanocomposite may be suitably applied as an orthopedic implant biomaterial.     

矿山尾矿作为碱活化原料的研究进展

The mining industry produces billions of tons of mine tailings annually. However, because of their lack of economic value, most of the tailings are discarded near the mining sites, typically under water. The primary environmental concerns of mine tailings are related to their heavy metal and sulfidic mineral content. Oxidation of sulfidic minerals can produce acid mine drainage that leaches heavy metals into the surrounding water. The management of tailing dams requires expensive construction and careful control, and there is the need for stable, sustainable, and economically viable management technologies. Alkali activation as a solidification/stabilization technology offers an attractive way to deal with mine tailings. Alkali activated materials are hardened, concrete-like structures that can be formed from raw materials that are rich in aluminum and silicon, which fortunately, are the main elements in mining residues. Furthermore, alkali activation can immobilize harmful heavy metals within the structure. This review describes the research on alkali activated mine tailings. The reactivity and chemistry of different minerals are discussed. Since many mine tailings are poorly reactive under alkaline conditions, different pretreatment methods and their effects on the mineralogy are reviewed. Possible applications for these materials are also discussed.     

动态应变时效的应力状态依赖性:热硬化和蓝脆

This study aims to discover the stress-state dependence of the dynamic strain aging (DSA) effect on the deformation and fracture behavior of high-strength dual-phase (DP) steel at different deformation temperatures (25–400°C) and reveal the damage mechanisms under these various configurations. To achieve different stress states, predesigned specimens with different geometric features were used. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to analyze the fracture modes (e.g., dimple or shear mode) and underlying damage mechanism of the investigated material. DSA is present in this DP steel, showing the Portevin–Le Chatelier (PLC) effect with serrated flow behavior, thermal hardening, and blue brittleness phenomena. Results show that the stress state contributes distinctly to the DSA effect in terms of the magnitude of thermal hardening and the pattern of blue brittleness. Either low stress triaxiality or Lode angle parameter promotes DSA-induced blue brittleness. Accordingly, the damage mechanisms also show dependence on the stress states in conjunction with the DSA effect.     

关于钢水质量窄窗口稳定控制的思考

In order to promote the intelligent transformation and upgrading of the steel industry, intelligent technology features based on the current situation and challenges of the steel industry are discussed in this paper. Based on both domestic and global research, functional analysis, reasonable positioning, and process optimization of each aspect of steel making are expounded. The current state of molten steel quality and implementation under narrow window control is analyzed. A method for maintaining stability in the narrow window control technology of steel quality is proposed, controlled by factors including composition, temperature, time, cleanliness, and consumption (raw material). Important guidance is provided for the future development of a green and intelligent steel manufacturing process.     

不同应变速率下Mg?B4C纳米复合材料的力学性能表征

Magnesium has wide application in industry. The main purpose of this investigation was to improve the properties of magnesium by reinforcing it using B₄C nanoparticles. The reinforced nanocomposites were fabricated using a powder compaction technique for 0, 1.5vol%, 3vol%, 5vol%, and 10vol% of B₄C. Powder compaction was conducted using a split Hopkinson bar (SHB), drop hammer (DH), and Instron to reach different compaction loading rates. The compressive stress–strain curves of the samples were captured from quasi-static and dynamic tests carried out using an Instron and split Hopkinson pressure bar, respectively. Results revealed that, to achieve the highest improvement in ultimate strength, the contents of B₄C were 1.5vol%, 3vol%, and 3vol% for Instron, DH, and SHB, respectively. These results also indicated that the effect of compaction type on the quasi-static strength of the samples was not as significant, although its effect on the dynamic strength of the samples was remarkable. The improvement in ultimate strength obtained from the quasi-static stress–strain curves of the samples (compared to pure Mg) varied from 9.9% for DH to 24% for SHB. The dynamic strength of the samples was improved (with respect to pure Mg) by 73%, 116%, and 141% for the specimens compacted by Instron, DH, and SHB, respectively. The improvement in strength was believed to be due to strengthening mechanisms, friction, adiabatic heating, and shock waves.     

高等学校的课程考试

本文分析了老的考试学理论中效度、信度、难度、区分度方面存在的问题，提出了设计“四度”、反馈“四度”等新概念，明确了计算、审核一份试题内在质量的系统化方法与计算公式．     

黑暗里的光明与光明里的黑暗(上)——诗人朱湘与顾城的比较

诗人朱湘和顾城之死 ,在中国新诗史上震动较大 ,曾经是评论界关注的两个热点。作为纯粹诗人和童话诗人对艺术的追求和执著 ,朱湘与顾城有相似之处 ,而他们之间的差别又是相当明显 :朱湘把生命的意义沉醉在诗歌创作中 ,至于顾城 ,却将生活等同于诗歌。朱湘和顾城都是十分相信艺术功能的诗人 ,而他们的艺术世界又存在着一个本质的区别 :诗歌之于朱湘 ,是梦想的港湾 ,精神的支柱 ,希望的寄托。而顾城 ,却因他对“个人主体”的沉迷和对自然的发现 ,力图营造一个脱离现实的幻型大厦     

浅析航海过失和管货过失

《海牙规则》确立了海运承运人对航海过失造成的货损免责，航海过失可分为驾船过失和管船过失。但承运人对管货过失造成的货损应承担赔偿责任。区分航海过失，尤其是管船过失与管货过失，成为一项极其重要的任务。近百的来，有关于此的争议不同涌现，国际上要求废除航海过失免责的呼声日益高涨，《汉堡规则》虽废除了航海过失免责，但亦未被国际社会所接受。文章探讨了航海过失与管货过失的区分标准，并尝试建立一种新的承运人责任制度。     

会计电算化实验问题分析

会计电算化是用电子计算机代替手工记账、算账、报账以及部分代替人脑完成对会计信息的分析、预测、决策的全过程，是现代计算机技术和会计工作相结合的产物，是一门新兴的交叉学科。目前，会计电算化已成为会计专业的必修课程。文章详尽地分析、总结了在“用友财务及企业管理软件U8．11”电算化实验教学中学生常见的一些问题．提出了解决的方法，以期进一步提高实验教学质量。     

我国网络隐私权法律保护存在的问题及对策

随着计算机技术的飞速发展和互联网技术的迅速普及,侵犯网络隐私权的问题和矛盾日益突出,网络隐私权的法律保护成为当务之急。我们应综合考虑目前的立法状况和网络时代侵犯隐私权的特征,借鉴他国的先进经验并结合我国具体国情,完善我国网络隐私权立法,全面保护公民的网络隐私权。     

浅谈课堂教学中的几个心理问题

课堂教学要收到良好的效果，有许多重要的条件，其中心理因素占有重要的地位，我们可以从三个方面分析心理因素地课堂教学效果的影响。     

三峡库区鱼体组织残毒分析

对三峡库区大坝修建前三峡库区江段中、下层鱼体肌肉和肠组织残毒进行了研究.通过分析22种75个样品，发现鱼样肠组织重金属和挥发酚含量均大于肌肉组织，其中库区江段鱼体残毒负荷比（RPCR）中，肌肉内六价铬（25.8%）、砷（18.4%）、挥发酚（17.2%）和铅（15.2%）的贡献较大；在肠组织内，六价铬（23.5%）、砷（19%）、铅（16.5%）、挥发酚（14.9%）和镉（11.1%）是主要污染物.根据鱼体残毒污染程度分级，库区江段鱼体受到轻污染，未超过相关食品卫生标准；库区江段鱼体残毒的主要污染因子是六价铬、砷、铅、挥发酚和镉.大坝的建成必然会改变水文学条件，导致某些重金属和挥发酚在鱼体内残留增加，可能会超过食品卫生标准，危及生态系统安全和人体健康.     

论当前印度尼西亚高中华语教学的几个问题

当前印度尼西亚高中华语教学存在教学性质的问题、教材使用及教学方法的问题、师资状况及师资培训的问题。我们应该在对印度尼西亚高中华语教学进行实际调研的基础上,确定教学性质及相应的教学方法,针对学生特点有的放矢地开展教学,同时也应加强教材建设,改进教学方法,开展华语师资培训,稳步提高教学质量和水平。为促进印度尼西亚华文教育的持续深入发展打下坚实的基础。     

长三角一体化下的皖江城市带体育旅游产业发展战略研究

基于长三角一体化趋势和皖江城市带承接产业转移政策,在文献查询、实地调查、专家访谈的基础上,采用SWOT现代产业现状分析方法对皖辖区体育旅游进行现状分析,以探讨皖江城市带体育旅游发展对策。结果:(1)皖江城市带发展体育旅游产业具有资源丰富、知名度高、文化底蕴丰富等内在优势及优惠政策、便利交通等外部优势;(2)存在经济支撑力不足、产品开发不合理、高级管理人才匮乏、环境污染、激烈的外部竞争等问题;(3)要发展辖区体育旅游产业应从以下几方面着手:强化政府职能、加大开发精品力度,做好时空规划,提升管理水平及品牌知名度,实施产业化经营模式,加快与长三角地区一体化进程。     

论清代书坛的反叛潮流

“唯美”是中围传统书法发展的主流,实用性和艺术性完美的统一。书法艺术发展到清代．书坛形成了一股强劲的与“唯美”传统书法主流背道而驰的反叛潮流。掀起这股反叛潮流的中坚力量是一批不满于黑暗社会现状、不满于官场腐败的文人。反叛潮流的形成有两个特别值得注意的原因。反叛潮流可以分为两大派：一日实践派．一日理论派。清代书坛出现了中国历史上从来没有过的官场文人书法和在野文人书法分道扬镳并驾齐驱的的局面。反叛潮流的探索开拓兴旺发达,使中国书法艺术突破了自古以来实用性和艺术性密不可分的唯一模式．为中国书法艺术开辟了一条崭新的不受实用性桎梏的纯粹的艺术之路。