具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

高等学校的课程考试

本文分析了老的考试学理论中效度、信度、难度、区分度方面存在的问题，提出了设计“四度”、反馈“四度”等新概念，明确了计算、审核一份试题内在质量的系统化方法与计算公式．     

黑暗里的光明与光明里的黑暗(上)——诗人朱湘与顾城的比较

诗人朱湘和顾城之死 ,在中国新诗史上震动较大 ,曾经是评论界关注的两个热点。作为纯粹诗人和童话诗人对艺术的追求和执著 ,朱湘与顾城有相似之处 ,而他们之间的差别又是相当明显 :朱湘把生命的意义沉醉在诗歌创作中 ,至于顾城 ,却将生活等同于诗歌。朱湘和顾城都是十分相信艺术功能的诗人 ,而他们的艺术世界又存在着一个本质的区别 :诗歌之于朱湘 ,是梦想的港湾 ,精神的支柱 ,希望的寄托。而顾城 ,却因他对“个人主体”的沉迷和对自然的发现 ,力图营造一个脱离现实的幻型大厦     

会计电算化实验问题分析

会计电算化是用电子计算机代替手工记账、算账、报账以及部分代替人脑完成对会计信息的分析、预测、决策的全过程，是现代计算机技术和会计工作相结合的产物，是一门新兴的交叉学科。目前，会计电算化已成为会计专业的必修课程。文章详尽地分析、总结了在“用友财务及企业管理软件U8．11”电算化实验教学中学生常见的一些问题．提出了解决的方法，以期进一步提高实验教学质量。     

浅析航海过失和管货过失

《海牙规则》确立了海运承运人对航海过失造成的货损免责，航海过失可分为驾船过失和管船过失。但承运人对管货过失造成的货损应承担赔偿责任。区分航海过失，尤其是管船过失与管货过失，成为一项极其重要的任务。近百的来，有关于此的争议不同涌现，国际上要求废除航海过失免责的呼声日益高涨，《汉堡规则》虽废除了航海过失免责，但亦未被国际社会所接受。文章探讨了航海过失与管货过失的区分标准，并尝试建立一种新的承运人责任制度。     

我国网络隐私权法律保护存在的问题及对策

随着计算机技术的飞速发展和互联网技术的迅速普及,侵犯网络隐私权的问题和矛盾日益突出,网络隐私权的法律保护成为当务之急。我们应综合考虑目前的立法状况和网络时代侵犯隐私权的特征,借鉴他国的先进经验并结合我国具体国情,完善我国网络隐私权立法,全面保护公民的网络隐私权。     

浅谈课堂教学中的几个心理问题

课堂教学要收到良好的效果，有许多重要的条件，其中心理因素占有重要的地位，我们可以从三个方面分析心理因素地课堂教学效果的影响。     

长三角一体化下的皖江城市带体育旅游产业发展战略研究

基于长三角一体化趋势和皖江城市带承接产业转移政策,在文献查询、实地调查、专家访谈的基础上,采用SWOT现代产业现状分析方法对皖辖区体育旅游进行现状分析,以探讨皖江城市带体育旅游发展对策。结果:(1)皖江城市带发展体育旅游产业具有资源丰富、知名度高、文化底蕴丰富等内在优势及优惠政策、便利交通等外部优势;(2)存在经济支撑力不足、产品开发不合理、高级管理人才匮乏、环境污染、激烈的外部竞争等问题;(3)要发展辖区体育旅游产业应从以下几方面着手:强化政府职能、加大开发精品力度,做好时空规划,提升管理水平及品牌知名度,实施产业化经营模式,加快与长三角地区一体化进程。     

三峡库区鱼体组织残毒分析

对三峡库区大坝修建前三峡库区江段中、下层鱼体肌肉和肠组织残毒进行了研究.通过分析22种75个样品，发现鱼样肠组织重金属和挥发酚含量均大于肌肉组织，其中库区江段鱼体残毒负荷比（RPCR）中，肌肉内六价铬（25.8%）、砷（18.4%）、挥发酚（17.2%）和铅（15.2%）的贡献较大；在肠组织内，六价铬（23.5%）、砷（19%）、铅（16.5%）、挥发酚（14.9%）和镉（11.1%）是主要污染物.根据鱼体残毒污染程度分级，库区江段鱼体受到轻污染，未超过相关食品卫生标准；库区江段鱼体残毒的主要污染因子是六价铬、砷、铅、挥发酚和镉.大坝的建成必然会改变水文学条件，导致某些重金属和挥发酚在鱼体内残留增加，可能会超过食品卫生标准，危及生态系统安全和人体健康.     

论当前印度尼西亚高中华语教学的几个问题

当前印度尼西亚高中华语教学存在教学性质的问题、教材使用及教学方法的问题、师资状况及师资培训的问题。我们应该在对印度尼西亚高中华语教学进行实际调研的基础上,确定教学性质及相应的教学方法,针对学生特点有的放矢地开展教学,同时也应加强教材建设,改进教学方法,开展华语师资培训,稳步提高教学质量和水平。为促进印度尼西亚华文教育的持续深入发展打下坚实的基础。     

浅谈江西宋代佛教之流布

宋代江西佛教发展迅猛,佛教寺院多,僧尼人数多。同时佛教的流布及影响又极不平衡。