油菜籽粕生物质热解过程特征研究

以油菜籽粕生物质为原料,采用电加热方式,研究了不同加热速率下的热解过程及产物产出规律,对热解产物中不凝气体的成分进行了分析,考察了加热速率对产物产出率的影响。结果表明：油菜籽粕的热解过程可分为水分蒸发、半纤维素热解、纤维素和木质素热解、木质素炭化4个阶段;加热速率的高低虽然对水分的蒸发过程特征没有影响,但在低加热速率下,生物质中不同的组分将在不同的反应温度区间内进行热解反应;不凝气体和冷凝液体两种热解产物主要在100~550℃之间析出,是半纤维素和纤维素的主要热解产物,它们的产出率与温度的关系具有不同的特征;不凝气体中可燃气体的体积分数随着反应温度的升高逐渐增多;当控制加热速率为4～6℃/min时,油菜籽粕的3种热解产物量均可以达到较理想的效果。     

输液管与典型医疗废物组分的混合热解特性

为研究聚氯乙烯(PVC)类与其他典型医疗废物组分的混合热解特性,利用差热热重分析仪在氮气气氛下对输液管(TT,含PVC)和塑料、橡胶、生物质、蛋白质及合成纤维类废物样品分别进行了混合热解实验,研究其混合热解行为与规律.结果表明:输液管与其他废物样品混合热解后,均发生了明显或微弱的相互反应;混合反应机制归因于输液管中主要成分PVC在热解时的HCl析出现象,并分别在自由基转移作用、添加剂影响、酸碱中和驱动引起的Ca+对氯的固定作用、酸催化作用下程度不同地促进了各混合物的热解,使对应的失重峰比单独组分的失重峰都要提前;较高温度时PVC的共轭烯烃链裂解在混合物中的影响较小,对应的失重峰与单独组分的失重峰相比没有太大变化.     

管式炉中温度对玉米秸秆慢速热解特性的影响分析

热解终温和升温速率是玉米秸秆热解的重要影响因素。基于玉米秸秆慢速热解原理,采用热重和管式炉热解取样方法对玉米秸秆的慢速热解特性进行实验分析。取升温速率(20℃/min,30℃/min,40℃/min,50℃/min,60℃/min)和终温(300℃,400℃,500℃,600℃,700℃)作为影响因素,以热解产物(残炭、生物质焦油和热解气体)的产率作为评价分析指标,并对不同终温条件下的热解气体成分进行定量分析。试验结果表明,随着升温速率的增加(20~60℃/min),残炭产率和气体产率略有变化;而焦油产率有较大幅度的提升,可从12%提升至18%。热解终温的升高,使固体残渣中的挥发分进一步析出,残炭产率下降;终温为600℃时,焦油产率达到极大峰值,最高可达18%,峰值温度前,焦油产率随终温的增加而增加,当终温大于峰值温度后,焦油产率迅速减少;气体产率随温度的升高而增加,热值也随之增加,在700℃时,低位热值为10.22MJ/Nm~3。     

煤与PVC共热解过程中氯的释放机理和表观动力学探索

研究了煤与PVC共热解过程中氯的释放机理，实验蛄果表明，氯的释放率与热解温度、加热速率、恒温时间、PVC的加入量有关．在PVC加入量不大于3％时，如果热解工艺条件达到要求，焦碳中氯的残留量可以接近配煤焦的氯含量．根据实验数据对煤与PVC共热解过程中氯的释放表观动力学进行了分析，发现用一级反应方程处理结果与实验数据非常接近，并通过作图计算出了表观活化能．     

粉煤热解过程的温度相关模型

探讨了煤种、粒径、加热终温等几个主要因素对沉降炉中煤粉快速热解过程和差热天平中的慢速热解过程的影响，分析比较了慢速热解及快速热解中挥发分组分及其总体的析出过程。     

加热温度对高速钢铸轧薄带中共晶碳化物形态的影响

研究了退火加热温度对高速钢双辊铸轧薄带中共晶碳化物形态的影响·试验结果表明,随着加热温度的提高,铸轧薄带中的网状共晶碳化物陆续熔断,粒状碳化物逐渐增多·当加热温度达到950℃后,铸轧薄带中的网状共晶碳化物基本上被粒状碳化物所取代·用汤普森弗瑞锥其(ThompsonFriedrich)方程,对试验结果进行了分析,并得出共晶碳化物层片间距的减小为高速钢铸轧薄带中的共晶碳化物的熔断和球化提供了条件·     

粉煤热解过程的温度相关模型

探讨了煤种、粒径、加热终温等几个主要因素对沉降炉中煤粉快速热解过程和差热天平中的慢速热解过程的影响，分析比较了慢速热解及快速热解中挥发分组分及其总体的析出过程。     

含氯有机废料资源化处理基础研究I. PVC固定床热解脱氯反应特性

在10g固定床反应器中对PVC在惰性气氛下的热解脱氯特性及有关工艺参数进行考察，并研究了热解终温（FPT）对PVC热解产物产率的影响。实验结果表明，在温度为300℃，反应时间为3h，升温速率为5℃/min条件下，PVC中大部分的氯可脱除，脱氯率可达90%，另有约10%的氯残留在液体产物及固态残渣中，且升温速率越慢，分解程度越大，反应的起始分解温度也越低。随着热解终温的提高，可燃气体率增大，焦油和残渣产率则减少。     

304HC不锈钢的热塑性及变形抗力的模型

利用热力模拟机测定了304HC不锈钢的热塑性图·分析了Cu元素对热塑性的影响,并建立了变形抗力数学模型·采用金相、扫描电镜、能谱射线及电子探针研究了热变形后的显微组织、夹杂物和断口形貌·结果表明:304HC不锈钢随Cu质量分数的升高,其热塑性下降·加工温度对热塑性也有重要的影响,合理的加工温度为1100～1200℃·塑性下降的原因是在冷却过程中从奥氏体中析出Cu2S,Cu2O等脆性化合物·     

火焰加热温度对6005A铝合金焊接接头性能的影响

针对铁路交通车辆用 60 0 5A铝合金型材的焊接变形 ,采用火焰加热方法进行矫正·研究了火焰加热温度对焊接接头抗拉强度、硬度及微观组织结构的影响·实验结果表明 ,当加热温度低于 2 0 0℃时 ,焊接接头的抗拉强度、硬度未降低 ,热影响区内软化区的显微组织未发生明显变化 ;当加热温度超过 2 0 0℃时 ,焊接接头的硬度发生较明显降低现象 ,软化区范围加宽·软化区材料性能下降的原因是在火焰加热的热输入过程中过热导致该区晶粒粗大     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-