低频振动对原油粘度影响的实验研究

低频振动降低原油黏度是提高采收率的一种生态物理采油方法。通过室内物理模拟实验评价振动参数对原油黏度的影响规律。结果表明在低频振动条件下,振动时间为30 min,振动频率为20 Hz左右,振动加速度为0.04 g时,降黏效率最佳,降黏率可达72.9%。并且实验结果表明,在影响降黏效果的诸因素中,振动加速度的影响最大,其次是振动频率和振动时间。因而低频振动也可以通过降低油水流度比(原油黏度)来提高采收率。     

自振采油技术的理论分析与应用

自振采油技术是利用油管柱的弹性伸缩能量,在油层部位通过自振振盘产生低频振动波达到净化油流孔道,解堵增渗的振动效应,也改善了油层流体的渗流状态,降低原油的粘度,起到降水增油的物理作用。通过分析自振采油技术的作用机理、设计原理,计算自振装置产生的最大冲击力、冲洗流量、冲洗速度,证实了该技术的实施,可减少冲程损失,提高泵效,又可加强油层的脉动压力。经现场应用12口井表明,此项技术平均单井增油幅度42%,有效率91·7%,是高含水期油田的强化生产、油井增产、提高采收率的高效开发新技术。     

热自生CO_2吞吐中技术研究及其应用

针对稠油油藏难开采、蒸汽吞吐效果差等一系列问题,提出了一种热自生CO_2吞吐技术,该技术结合了蒸汽吞吐和气驱技术等多种方法,改善稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐效果,其主要机理是利用蒸汽加热生气剂,在地层中产生大量的气体(CO_2、NH_3等),部分气体作用于原油,降低原油黏度;部分气体与原油发生反应极易形成混相驱,降低油水界面张力,从而达到提高采收率的目的。通过对优选出生气剂溶液反应前后比较可知,反应后溶液比反应前溶液的碱性增强(pH值8.26→9.71~10.02),有助于降低原油黏度、降低油水界面张力等。研究表明,热自生CO_2吞吐技术可实现最大,降黏率达到76.7%,油水界面张力降低了54.77%,在蒸汽吞吐的基础上可进一步提高原油采收率,仅第5轮次最高可提高4.18%,充分体现了该技术的优势。现场试验分析表明,平均单周期投入产出比高达1.0:3.2,该技术在较大幅度提高原油产量下,具有较好的经济效益,为高效开发稠油提供了强有力的技术支持。     

注CO2油气藏流体体系油/水和油/气界面张力实验研究

采用高压界面张力装置测定了某油田在油藏温度下,原油中不同CO2注入量时油藏流体/地层水的界面张力,并考察了压力的影响.实验发现,随着原油中CO2注入量的增加,油藏流体/地层水界面张力不断减小.相同CO2注入量时,随着压力升高,油藏流体/地层水界面张力增大;当CO2摩尔分数达到0.650时,测得的油藏流体/地层水界面张力随压力的升高已变化很小,同时,从测得的PVT关系中也已很难分辨出泡点压力,体系接近一次接触混相的状态.当CO2摩尔分数为0.578时,油藏流体/CO2界面张力随着压力的升高而降低.研究表明,对某油井采用注CO2降低油藏流体/地层水、油藏流体/CO2间的界面张力的方法是可行的,注CO2方法在降低界面张力的同时,还增加了地层压力,对提高油井的采收率有利.     

生物酶与鼠李糖脂发酵液复配驱油实验研究

针对生物酶在高渗透油层驱油应用中表现出的没有提高吸水指数的技术问题,通过模拟地层采油驱油实验和界面张力实验,利用鼠李糖脂发酵液中的大分子胶团具有调驱作用的机理,用质量分数0.8%的生物酶与鼠李糖脂发酵液复配制剂驱油,得出采收率并观察驱油时的阶段含水率、阶段压力、阶段采收率的曲线变化。通过驱油结果和界面张力对比,结果表明：鼠李糖脂发酵液与生物酶复配驱油不仅具有很好的协同作用,而且在高渗透油层明显提高了原油的采收率。     

注CO2油气藏流体体系油/水和油/气界面张力实验研究

采用高压界面张力装置测定了某油田在油藏温度下，原油中不同CO2注入量时油藏流体／地层水的界面张力，并考察了压力的影响。实验发现，随着原油中CO2注入量的增加，油藏流体／地层水界面张力不断减小。相同CO2注入量时，随着压力升高，油藏流体／地层水界面张力增大；当CO2摩尔分数达到0．650时，测得的油藏流体／地层水界面张力随压力的升高已变化很小，同时，从测得的PVT关系中也已很难分辨出泡点压力，体系接近一次接触混相的状态。当CO2摩尔分数为0．578时，油藏流体／CO2界面张力随着压力的升高而降低。研究表明，对某油井采用注CO2降低油藏流体／地层水、油藏流体／CO2间的界面张力的方法是可行的，注CO2方法在降低界面张力的同时，还增加了地层压力，对提高油井的采收率有利。     

低渗透均质油层超低界面张力体系驱替毛管数的研究

针对经典毛管数理论在低渗透油层超低界面张力体系驱替中应用的局限性,在考虑低渗透油层水驱油渗流速度、超低界面张力对油水相对渗透率影响的条件下,给出了毛管数的修正公式;依据均质低渗透岩心超低界面张力体系驱油实验数据绘制了化学驱采收率与毛管数的关系曲线,提出了超低界面张力体系驱替条件下应用毛管数的注意事项,指出了用超低界面张力体系提高水驱低渗透油层采收率的合理途径.     

低频脉冲波对储层岩心渗流特性影响规律研究

低频脉冲波增产技术是一种新的提高采收率的方法.采用自行设计的振动采油装置,通过室内试验,研究了不同频率的低频脉冲波对多孔介质中单相、两相液体流动的影响.研究表明,适当的低频脉冲波动可以改善水驱油效果,提高水驱采收率,并降低含水率,而且振动增产效果与振动参数有关.低频脉冲波频率在岩心固有频率附近时岩心渗透率提高最多;振动增产效果还与岩心的渗透率有关,对低渗透率岩心的增产效果要好于中、高渗岩心.对于低渗透率岩心,残余油饱和度降幅可达10%,采收率提高幅度可达15%.     

适合红岗油田萨尔图油层的三元复合体系研究

红岗油田已进入高含水开发阶段,依靠常规方法提高采收率的难度越来越大,利用碱表面活性剂聚合物组成的三元复合体系可与原油产生超低界面张力,又具有较高粘度,既提高驱油效率又能提高波及体积,从而提高采收率。根据红岗油田萨尔图油层特征,采用正交试验设计方法筛选出了一种三元复合驱油体系,该体系与红岗油田萨尔图油层原油形成的界面张力可达到10^-3 mN/m,该体系为1.5%A+0.06%S+0.2%P+0.2%N;其主要指标为界面张力(3~7)×10^-3 mN/m,粘度μ>20 mPa·s。另外,通过室内岩心流动实验证实:室内天然岩芯驱油效率比水驱采收率提高10%左右。     

低渗透油田润湿反转降压增注技术及应用

为解决低渗透和特低渗透油田中注水井难以注入达不到配注要求,严重影响油井产量的问题,开发了高效降压增注剂。实验研究了降压增注剂对动态接触角、原油/注入流体界面张力、渗吸过程中采收率和相对渗透率和模型管中的压力梯度的影响。实验结果表明:降压增注剂能有效地将玻片由亲油转变为亲水,加入质量分数0.1%～0.4%的降压增注剂,原油/注入水之间界面张力可达到超低界面张力范围(<10-3mN/m),能提高采收率10%同时增加水相渗透率,注入压力降低10%。现场试验表明,该降压增注剂降压15%以上,有效期10个月以上,同时提高油井产量的效果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with