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1.
Summary Measurements were made of the effects of intracerebroventricular treatment with beta-endorphin (BE; 100 ng) on the arginine-8-vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin contents of rat hypothalamic and limbic brain areas (hippocampus, amygdala and septum). The hormone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. The administration of BE resulted in a significant reduction of the AVP level in the amygdala in a naloxone-reversible manner. Naloxone (Nal) administered subcutaneously significantly increased the AVP content in the septum. The results revealed that BE and Nal had regionally specific effects on the activity of the vasopressinergic system but not on that of the oxytocinergic system in the brain.  相似文献   

2.
G Merker  J Roth  E Zeisberger 《Experientia》1989,45(8):722-726
In cold-adapted guinea pigs, increased amounts of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) immunoreactive material could be visualized in neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus, in fibers projecting to the neurohypophysis and in fiber terminals in the ventral lateral septum and in the amygdala. In warm-adapted animals the reactivity to AVP antiserum was poor in all neuronal structures examined. High AVP-immunoreactivity was accompanied by a reduced febrile response to bacterial pyrogen in cold-adapted guinea pigs.  相似文献   

3.
Summary In cold-adapted guinea pigs, increased amounts of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) immunoreactive material could be visualized in neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus, in fibers projecting to the neurohypophysis and in fiber terminals in the ventral lateral septum and in the amygdala. In warm-adapted animals the reactivity to AVP antiserum was poor in all neuronal structures examined. High AVP-immunoreactivity was accompanied by a reduced febrile response to bacterial pyrogen in cold-adapted guinea pigs.  相似文献   

4.
The distribution of immunoreactive LH in the brain of the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) was determined using immunocytochemical procedures. Immunoreactive fibers are located in the hypothalamus, preoptic area, septum and amygdala. Stained cell bodies are seen in the arcuate nucleus and preoptic area. Gonadectomy enhances staining for LH in the brain.  相似文献   

5.
Summary The distribution of immunoreactive LH in the brain of the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) was determined using immunocytochemical procedures. Immunoreactive fibers are located in the hypothalamus, preoptic area, septum and amygdala. Stained cell bodies are seen in the arcuate nucleus and preoptic area. Gonadectomy enhances staining for LH in the brain.We wish to thank the National Institutes of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases (NIAMDD) for the gift of the antiserum to LH.  相似文献   

6.
To identify neuronal substrates involved in NO/stress interactions we used Fos expression as a marker and examined the pattern of neuronal activation in response to swim stress in nNOS knock-out (nNOS–/–) and wild-type (WT) mice. Forced swimming enhanced Fos expression in WT and nNOS–/– mice in several brain regions, including cortical, limbic and hypothalamic regions. Differences in the Fos response between the two groups were observed in a limited set (6 out of 42) of these brain areas only: nNOS–/– mice displayed increased stressor-induced Fos expression in the medial amygdala, periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, CA1 field of the hippocampus, dentate gyrus and infralimbic cortex. No differences were observed in regions including the septum, central amygdala, periaqueductal grey and locus coeruleus. During forced swimming, nNOS–/– mice displayed reduced immobility duration, while no differences in general locomotor activity were observed between the groups in the home cage and during the open field test. The findings indicate that deletion of nNOS alters stress-coping ability during forced swimming and leads to an altered pattern of neuronal activation in response to this stressor in specific parts of the limbic system, hypothalamus and the medial prefrontal cortex.Received 29 March 2004; accepted 21 April 2004  相似文献   

7.
M K Birmingham  W E Stumpf  M Sar 《Experientia》1979,35(9):1240-1241
Autoradiographic studies with 3H aldosterone demonstrate nuclear concentration of hormone in neurons of the hippocampus, septum, allocortical regions and brain stem reticular formation and motor nuclei of cranial nerves and in the meninges. The results suggest that mineralocorticoids have wide ranging effects on different parts of the central nervous system.  相似文献   

8.
This study investigates the effect of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAB) agonist, baclofen, on amygdala kindling in adult rats. Baclofen has been reported to be anticonvulsant in a variety of seizure models and prevents kindling in immature rats. These experiments describe the effects of baclofen (2, 5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) on the afterdischarge threshold and kindling rate. Baclofen, 10 mg/kg, significantly increased the afterdischarge threshold in the amygdala. Baclofen at 5 and 10 mg/kg, retarded the rate of kindling as measured by the number of stimuli required to advance to subsequent seizure stages. These results suggest that baclofen may decrease the local excitability of the amygdala and retard the rate of seizure spread (or generalization) throughout the brain. Baclofen, acting at GABAB receptors exerts an anticonvulsant effect on amygdala kindling in these experiments.  相似文献   

9.
In addition to the relatively well established role of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in the mediation of the stress response, there is reason to believe that bombesin-like peptides (BN-LPs) may also contribute to the mediation or integration of these responses and thus might be considered as putative 'stress peptides'. This review provides evidence supporting this contention by showing that (i) BN-LPs are present at brain sites known to be activated by stressors, (ii) stressor exposure alters utilization of BN-related peptides, (iii) exogenous BN administration mimics the endocrine, autonomic and/or behavioral effects elicited by stressors, and (iv) antagonism of BN action attenuates the behavioral and/or neurochemical effects of stressors or of exogenously administered peptide. The evidence presented also suggests that BN-LPs mediate their stress-relevant effects through activation of CRH and/or AVP neurons. Several hypothetical mechanisms for such peptidergic interactions are discussed as to the implications of considering BN-LPs as 'stress peptides'. Received 16 July 2001; received after revision 27 August 2001; accepted 28 August 2001  相似文献   

10.
Summary Autoradiographic studies with3H aldosterone demonstrate nuclear concentration of hormone in neurons of the hippocampus, septum, allocortical regionss and brain stem reticular formation and motor nuclei of cranial nerves and in the meninges. The results suggest that mineralocorticoids have wide ranging effects on different parts of the central nervous system.This work was supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada and by PHS grant NS09914. We thank Ms Brenda McClain for technical assistance.  相似文献   

11.
The adenovirus proteinase (AVP) is synthesized in an inactive form that requires cofactors for activation. The interaction of AVP with two viral cofactors and with a cellular cofactor, actin, is characterized by quantitative analyses. The results are consistent with a specific model for the regulation of AVP. Late in adenovirus infection, inside nascent virions, AVP becomes partially activated by binding to the viral DNA, allowing it to cleave out an 11-amino-acid viral peptide, pVIc, that binds to AVP and fully activates it. Then, about 70 AVP-pVIc complexes move along the viral DNA, via one-dimensional diffusion, cleaving virion precursor proteins 3200 times to render a virus particle infectious. Late in adenovirus infection, in the cytoplasm, the cytoskeleton is destroyed. The amino acid sequence of the C terminus of actin is homologous to that of pVIc, and actin, like pVIc, can act as a cofactor for AVP in the cleavage of cytokeratin 18 and of actin itself. Thus, AVP may also play a role in cell lysis.Received 14 November 2002; received after revision 28 April 2003; accepted 30 April 2003  相似文献   

12.
Shuttle avoidance training decreased the cAMP content of rat brain (excluding hippocampus and caudate nucleus), amygdala and hypothalamus. Stimulation by tones alone had a similar effect, but only in the brain fraction. Pseudoconditioning or footshocks alone had no effect.  相似文献   

13.
Cholinomimetics produce seizures and brain damage in rats   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
Microinjections of the cholinergic agonists, carbachol and bethanechol, either into the amygdala or into the dorsal hippocampus produced sustained limbic seizures and brain damage in rats. Systemic administration of pilocarpine in rats resulted in a sequence of convulsive disorders and widespread brain damage as well. Scopolamine prevented the development of convulsive activity and brain damage produced by cholinomimetics. These results suggest that the excessive stimulation of cholinergic muscarinic receptors can lead to limbic seizures and brain damage. It is postulated that muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms are linked to the etiology of temporal lobe epilepsy and epileptic brain damage.  相似文献   

14.
The effects of electrolytic lesion of the septum on the theta activity of the dorsal hippocampus were studied in the chronically implanted Rat during wakefulness and paradoxical sleep. The experimental results show that depending on its localization, septal lesion can either: (1) eliminate the wakefulness theta rhythm without suppressing that of paradoxical sleep; (2) eliminate the paradoxical sleep theta rhythm without suppressing that of wakefulness. These results suggest that there are two kinds of theta activity having different anatomophysiological bases and a different functional significance: one associated with wakefulness and the other with paradoxical sleep.  相似文献   

15.
Summary Shuttle avoidance training decreased the cAMP content of rat brain (excluding hippocampus and caudate nucleus), amygdala and hypothalamus. Stimulation by tones alone had a similar effect, but only in the brain fraction. Pseudoconditioning or footshocks alone had no effect.With support from FAPERGS, CNPq, and PROPESP-UFRGS, Brasil. We are grateful to Miss Sonia Eisinger for her valuable technical assistance.  相似文献   

16.
The synthesis of three novel AVP-analogues, extended by 1-3 amino acids at their NH2-2-termini in accordance with the sequence of the bovine arginine-vasopressin neurophysin II precursor, is reported. The compounds were assayed for their antidiuretic and vasopressor activities with particular attention to the duration of the effects. All compounds showed high potency, based on the intensity, and prolonged effects in both test systems compared with AVP.  相似文献   

17.
There were significant increases in total T cells and in T helper cells in blood samples collected immediately following magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of brains of male volunteers and patients. Percentages of total lymphocytes and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells decreased in these same samples. There were no significant changes in any leukocyte subpopulations in males undergoing lumbar MRI and females undergoing brain MRI. Thus, it is unlikely that stress from the procedure is the explanation for these changes. Our results show that MRI has specific effects on a brain system(s) that controls lymphocyte subpopulations.  相似文献   

18.
Summary A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for arginine vasopressin (AVP) was described. The enzyme used was -D-galactosidase fromEscherichia coli, and it was coupled to AVP by using the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of N-(4-carboxycyclohexylmethyl)-maleimide. The complex was then utilized for the enzyme immunoassay, which could detect 0.5 fmoles (or 0.5 pg) of AVP in the assay tube.  相似文献   

19.
20.
S B Kandasamy  B A Williams 《Experientia》1983,39(12):1343-1344
I.c.v. administration of bacterial endotoxin produced a fever in the Long-Evans rat but not in the Brattleboro rat. Similar administration of arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E2, prostacyclin, dibutyryl cAMP, norepinephrine, morphine and beta-endorphin caused hyperthermia in both Long-Evans and Brattleboro rats. Variable doses of exogenous arginine vasopressin (AVP) when centrally administered with endotoxin caused fever in the Brattleboro rat. It is suggested that AVP may play an important role in the production and release of endogenous pyrogen.  相似文献   

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