Improved Performance of Membrane Bioreactor by Sludge Ozonation for Reduction of Excess Sludge Production

To seek for an alternative solution for the treatment and disposal of excess activated sludge, a hybrid system of membrane bioreactor ( MBR) coupled with ozonation process (i.e., ozonation run) was set up to treat the domestic wastewater. A reference run without ozonation was also preformed as a control. The optimal ozone dose of solubilization in the ozonation run was firstly determined through the batch sludge ozonation tests. A 40-day continuous operation of the two parallel systems demonstrated that circulation of ozonized sludge as lysate did not impact the performance of MBR in terms of organic and ammonia removal. On the contrary, an improvement in TN removal (by 7.7%) and sludge reduction (by 54%) was observed in the ozonation-combined MBR, and it was furthermore illustrated by the calculation of the mass balance based on the COD and TN substances. In addition,ozonation did not deteriorate the sludge activities for the ozonation run, indicating that not much inert organic materials built up in the bioreactor. Decreased VSS/SS ratio and lower amount of filamentous bacteria after ozonation treatment on the other hand improved the sludge settleability, as lower and constant Sluge Volume Index (SVI) values were detected in the ozonation run.     

Experimental Study on Minimization of Sludge Production by Ozonation Process

Based on the hypothesis of reducing sludge production under cryptic growth conditions, ozone was used as cell lysis agent to treat excess sludge, and then the ozonated supernatant was returned to. the aeration tank. The results show that COD and NH4+-N removal efficiencies in ozonation process were 87.96% and 84.42%, respectively. Meanwhile, a low excess sludge yield coefficient of 0.113 (g SS/g COD removed) was obtained. Compared with that of the control test, the process configuration decreased the excess sludge production by 51.3%.     

MBR处理丁基黄药废水启动期好氧活性污泥特性

探讨利用膜生物反应器（MBR）处理丁基黄药（简称黄药）废水时的启动期及好氧活性污泥驯化过程的运行特征,分析其好氧活性污泥的形成过程、形态特征、性质及对污染物的去除机制.以啤酒污水处理曝气池污泥为接种污泥,以乙酸钠和黄药为碳源,培养及驯化絮体污泥.结果表明,MBR系统经过35 d启动及驯化即可达到正常运行状态,絮体污泥的SVI为100 mL/g,MLVSS/MLSS为0.75,生物量大且沉降性良好,COD及黄药去除率分别可以达到80%和90%.絮体污泥的形成及膜的高效截留增强了MBR运行的稳定性,为黄药废水的高效降解提供了保证.     

Dynamic Membrane for Cross-flow Micro-filtration in Treating Activated Sludge

Mixed liquid of activated sludge （AS） were micro- filtrated by dynamic membrane （DM） made of 6 000 mesh kaolin. The results illustrated that the permeate quality and flux with DM filtration were superior to that with direct filtration in treating AS. The experiments of membrane washing showed that DM could abate the internal fouling of membranes efficiently, and the permeate flux of renewed membrane reached 90% of that of new membranes. The denser the mixed liquid suspended solids （MLSS） were, the lower the permeate flux was. Increasing of both flow velocity over the membrane surface and trans-membrane pressure （TMP） could lead to some enhancement of permeate flux, while the former approach could be carried out more economically. The feasibility of application of the DM to membrane bioreactor （MBR） has been ascertained.     

解偶联代谢对活性污泥工艺中剩余污泥的减量化作用

为了有效减少活性污泥法中剩余污泥的产生,采用解偶联剂对活性污泥工艺中的剩余污泥进行减量化研究。研究比较了5种化学解偶联剂对活性污泥系统的污泥减量化短期效应以及对基质去除率的影响,并对影响其作用的因素和解偶联剂在水和污泥中的分布进行了研究。结果表明:不同的解偶联剂,减量化效果差异明显,硝基类化合物比含氯类化合物的污泥减量化效果好。所有解偶联剂在对微生物进行解偶联的过程中并不影响微生物对基质的降解去除效果。污泥产率随着解偶联剂浓度的增加而减少,随着污泥浓度的增加而增加;在实验所选择的温度范围内(20℃～30℃),温度对解偶联作用的影响甚小;酸性条件能提高解偶联剂对污泥的减量效果。     

厌氧活性污泥发酵制氢系统中的同型产乙酸菌及耗氢作用

 在对连续流搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR)发酵产氢系统中的活性污泥进行分子生物学分析,判断系统中有同型产乙酸菌存在的基础上,通过活性污泥的间歇培养试验,探讨了同型产乙酸作用对活性污泥发酵系统产氢效能的影响.结果表明,CSTR发酵产氢系统的活性污泥中,一种隶属真杆菌属(Eubacterium)的同型产乙酸菌在活性污泥微生物群落中达到了优势程度;以葡萄糖为底物时,同型产乙酸菌的耗氢代谢,可使厌氧活性污泥对葡萄糖的氢气转化率及产氢率分别降低31%和34%,耗氢速率可达0.33mmol/(g·d).     

Implementing Both Domestic Wastewater Reuse and Sludge Reduction by a Combination of Anaerobic Phase and Membrane bioreactor

The aim of the research was to obtain both an excellent effluent for reuse and a reduced sludge production simultaneously by a combination process of anaerobic phase and Membrane bioreactor （MBR） technology in treating domestic wastewater. During the experimental period of three months, excellent removals for COD, NH3-H, TN were obtained, and mean removals were 91.87%, 96.13%, and 69. 23%, respectively. Whereas, at first 20 days, the removal for TP was only about 15.87%. In the following days, about 30% of raw water was introduced into the anaerobic reactor to supply organics for denitrificatien and release of polyphosphate, then a significant improvement for TP removal was observed, and mean removal of TP increased to 76.35%. During the operational period, it was investigated that the permeate could meet the requirements of several water criteria for reuse except free chlorine, and a mean excess sludge yield coefficient of 0.137 g MLSS/g COD was obtained. Therefore, the predicted goals of permeate for reuse and excess sludge reduction could be both achieved after dosing a certain quantity of disinfectant into the permeate.     

活性污泥的热处理及其发酵产氢特性

为消除发酵生物制氢系统接种污泥中的耗氢菌,加速系统的启动进程并提高产氢效能,以易得的城市污水处理厂的好氧活性污泥为对象.通过间歇发酵试验,探讨了经65℃、80℃、95℃、110℃处理后的污泥的产氢特性.葡萄糖间歇发酵试验证明,在初始pH 7.0、葡萄糖浓度10 000 mg/L、污泥接种量2 g MLVSS/L(Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids,MLVSS,混合液挥发性悬浮固体浓度)等条件下,由热处理后的活性污泥构建的发酵系统,其产氢量均大于未经处理的活性污泥反应系统.其中,经65℃处理过的活性污泥具有更高的发酵产氢性能,在72 h的发酵过程中,其累积产氢量为92.53 mL,活性污泥的比产氢率为8.36 mmolH2/gMLVSS,葡萄糖的氯气转化率达到1.08 mol/mol.处理温度不同,活性污泥发酵葡萄糖的液相末端产物也存在差异,经65℃和80℃处理过的活性污泥,末端发酵产物以丁酸和乙酸为主;经95℃和110℃处理过的活性污泥,则表现为混合酸发酵.活性污泥的热处理,对其中的同型产乙酸菌无抑制作用.     

臭氧化处理负载对硝基苯酚的活性炭纤维

基于废活性炭纤维(activated carbon fiber,ACF)会对环境造成二次污染的问题,对介质阻挡放电(dielectric barrier discharge,DBD)臭氧发生器产生的臭氧(O3)处理负载对硝基苯酚(p-nitrophenol,PNP)的ACF进行了研究.考察了PNP负载量、废ACF湿基水的质量分数、O3质量浓度和处理时间对PNP降解率和臭氧利用效率的影响.结果表明,在PNP负载量为220.0 mg/g,废ACF湿基水的质量分数为15%,O3质量浓度为7.4 mg/L,处理时间60 min的实验条件下,PNP降解率高达88.8%.旨在探索一种经济高效的废ACF处理方法,以期为废ACF处理技术提供新思路和新方法.     

活性污泥好氧/厌氧合成聚-3-羟基丁酸酯

~~活性污泥好氧/厌氧合成聚-3-羟基丁酸酯@林东恩$华南理工大学应用化学系!广东广州510640 @张逸传$华南理工大学应用化学系!广东广州510640 @郭世骚$华南理工大学应用化学系!广东广州510640 @沈家瑞$华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院!广东广州510640~~~~~~~~     

在污泥膨胀情况下利用膜生物反应器处理小城镇污水的探讨

针对小城镇污水的特点,分析了丝状菌在污水处理中的作用,阐述了膜生物反应器－MBR在污泥膨胀情况下的运行状况。     

活性炭对2,4-二氯苯酚的催化臭氧化降解(英文)

研究了粒状活性炭(GAC)对2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)臭氧化降解的催化性能。由于活性炭的吸附和催化作用,提高了2,4-DCP的分解。在酸性条件下具有较高的催化臭氧化效率,而酸性和碱性的强弱对2,4-DCP的分解几乎没有影响。活性炭的重复使用实验表明活性炭在臭氧化处理过程中可以得到原位再生,多次使用后其催化活性几乎没有降低。     

生物厌氧产氢接种污泥的预处理研究进展

系统概述了热、酸、碱、化学抑制剂、曝气、冲击负荷等预处理方法对接种污泥中耗氢菌和产氢菌的选择性抑制机理,并对比分析了各自的产氢特性.由于接种污泥选取的种类、产氢底物的种类和浓度、温度、pH以及采用的反应器类型等不同,不同研究者得出的最佳预处理方法存在差异.目前的研究多集中在以葡萄糖或蔗糖等纯物质作为厌氧产氢的底物,建议今后以实际有机废水作为生物厌氧产氢的底物,以进一步研究不同接种污泥预处理方法对产氢的影响.     

好氧颗粒污泥与普通活性污泥的同步培养与性能比较

研究用于焦化废水处理的好氧颗粒活性污泥和传统普通活性污泥的同步培养及其对COD和NH3-N的脱除特性比较。设置反应器1(R1)和反应器2(R2)两个平行装置,R1用作普通活性污泥的培养,R2用作好氧颗粒污泥的培养。两者均采用普通好氧曝气并以相同的进水在好氧厌氧交替工艺下同步运行,R2在出水前加5 min曝气和5 min沉淀。R2内培养出好氧颗粒活性污泥,颗粒直径0.5~2 mm,含水率为95%,污泥质量浓度(MLSS)为3101~6203 mg/L,污泥沉降指数(SVI)为100.5~128.7 mL/g。经对COD质量浓度380~1 200 mg/L和NH3-N质量浓度63.7~134.4 mg/L的焦化废水处理,COD和NH3-N同时去除率达到80%以上,优于R1的运行结果。     

醌指纹技术解析MBR污泥膨胀过程中微生物群落特性

采用膜生物反应(MBR)工艺连续流小试处理生活污水,对其膨胀过程进行机理解析.结合显微观察和醌指纹技术,对活性污泥混合液中的微生物群落结构的生态演替过程进行连续监测分析.结果表明,MBR内活性污泥微生物多样性低于普通活性污泥,微生物醌的类型也有所区别.MBR内活性污泥从未膨胀到膨胀严重期的活性污泥微生物多样性指数从10.90降到7.12;微生物种分布均匀度指数从0.84降到0.51,发生了逆行演替.对微生物醌组成的分析发现,微生物优势种群随环境变化而波动,UQ-9和MK-6在丝状菌膨胀的污泥中呈现明显优势.     

Bioadsorption of 4-Chlorophenol to the Activated Sludge

IntroductionChlorinated phenolic compounds,which aregenerated from a number of industrialmanufacturing processes,comprise the bulk of theenvironmental pollutants.Aqueous effluents fromindustrial operations such as polymeric resinproduction,oil refining,iron- steel,petroleum,pesticide,paint,solvent,pharmaceutics,woodpreserving chemicals,coke- oven,and paper andpulp industries contain chlorophenolic compounds.Their fate in the environment is of greatimportance as they are toxic,recalcitrant andb…     

活性炭对2，4-二氯苯酚的催化臭氧化降解

研究了粒状活性炭（GAC）对2，4-二氯苯酚（2，4-DCP）臭氧化降解的催化性能。由于活性炭的吸附和催化作用，提高了2，4-DCP的分解。在酸性条件下具有较高的催化臭氧化效率，而酸性和碱性的强弱对2，4-DCP的分解几乎没有影响。活性炭的重复使用实验表明活性炭在臭氧化处理过程中可以得到原位再生，多次使用后其催化活性几乎没有降低。     

铜离子对SBR工艺活性污泥毒性作用分析

探讨了不同浓度铜离子对序列间歇式反应器(SBR)活性污泥系统中化学需氧量CODCr、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)等去除的影响,并采用ToxTell生物传感器,以SBR活性污泥为指示微生物,分析了铜离子的毒性抑制作用.结果表明,铜离子质量浓度低于10mg.L-1时,不会对该SBR系统带来明显的冲击作用,其质量浓度超过20mg.L-1时则会导致系统出水水质明显下降、活性污泥量及污泥沉降比(SV)降低和污泥絮体的解体;ToxTell生物传感器的毒性分析结果与CODCr,TN和TP去除抑制率具有良好的一致性,初步证实该生物传感器能很好地用于铜离子冲击SBR活性污泥系统的预警监测.     

国内外活性污泥模型研究进展

 活性污泥模型(ASM)是表述废水中各种污染物质与废水处理系统中微生物之间的复杂生物化学反应过程的数学模型。本文主要介绍了国内外活性污泥数学模型的研究现状及进展,包括活性污泥1号模型(ASM1)、BSM1模型、ASM-SST模型、ASM-ASS模型、活性污泥2号模型(ASM2)、活性污泥2d模型(ASM2d)、活性污泥3号模型(ASM3)、FCASM3模型等。对这些模型做了评价和比较,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议：需要在活性污泥法机理、模型参数的确定和相关软件方面开发上多做研究,在水处理工艺设计以及水质监测方面多进行应用。     

关于活性污泥法若干关键参数的讨论

讨论了活性污泥法系统的各构筑物及其控制多数间的相互关系，认为该系统是一个完整的有机体，在设计和运行管理时应进行统一合理的考虑和安排，并提出了利用污泥有机负荷率N设计曝气池更为合理的观点．