造纸黑液的处理方法和回收利用技术

制浆造纸行业排放的黑液是本行业污染环境的重要工业污染源之一，其大量外排对环境造成了严重的污染。本文简要介绍了对造纸黑液的几种处理方法如碱回收、提取木质素等，着重介绍了回收利用的新技术.     

浅谈草浆造纸黑液的污染治理及综合利用

本根据国内有关专家对草浆造纸黑液处理问题的研究成果，结合我国中、小型纸厂的实际，从环境保护、设备状况、技术条件、经济效益等方面综合分析，为中、小型草浆纸厂的黑液处理提出了可行性方案。     

造纸黑液的综合利用技术

针对造纸黑液的任意排放对水环境造成严重污染的现状，对碱法造纸黑液的处理方法(如碱回收、提取木质素、联产治理等)进行了介绍，综述了碱法造纸黑液综合利用新技术进展情况。     

造纸黑液循环利用的研究

应用化学絮凝法和氧化法相结合的方法对造纸黑液进行了研究．采用不同的絮凝剂分别对造纸黑液进行处理，筛选出了絮凝剂的种类并确定了最佳用量．然后将其配制为复舍絮凝剂，对造纸黑液进行处理，使COD指标由原来的11000mg／L降至1750mg／L；再经选用的氧化剂进行氧化处理，可使COD值降至166mg／L．经过处理的废水，可作为造纸制浆的二次用水，使造纸废水达到循环利用，实现零排放。     

利用淀粉衍生物包胶法固化处理造纸黑液

造纸厂制浆工段产生的黑液量大，木质素、糖分等有机物含量高．将其排放会严重污染受纳水体，因此，开发黑液回收利用和有效治理的技术是控制造纸工业水污染的关键．本研究提出了利用淀粉衍生物包胶法固化处理造纸黑液的新技术，将制浆工段提取的黑液直接进行固化，不向外排放。同时，由于黑液中木质素腐植酸含量高，可以将固化物转化为有机无机活性农肥，实现“变废为宝”的研究思路，属于清洁生产技术．本实验所用黑液样品为烧碱法麦草制浆蒸煮所得废液和亚硫酸铵法麦草制浆蒸煮所得废液，直接取自造纸厂．烧碱法麦草浆黑液的密度为１．０…     

造纸废液的白腐菌处理及特性研究

就具有较强木质素降解能力的白腐菌对造纸黑液的处理能力及特性进行初步研究。采用液体发酵对不同状况下的造纸废液进行处理，以白腐菌处理造纸废液过程中的生长状况，浊度，COD，可溶性糖等指标进行观察与测定，结果显示出不同种属的白腐菌对各种状态的造纸液处理程度不同，其中效果较好的2^#菌株在光解，非光解造纸废液上的COD去除率达到80％以上，处理后的水质清亮无色，说明木质纤维素分解菌－白腐菌具有处理造纸黑液的潜在能力。     

利用造纸黑液制取改性木质素磺酸钠

用硫酸沉淀回收造纸黑液中的木质素，并经Na2SO3磺化、HCHO羟甲基活化和缩聚处理制备出改性木质素磺酸钠．探讨了木质素回收、磺化和改性处理的工艺条件．制备出的改性木质素磺酸钠用作防垢剂．分散性能良好。     

几种生产工艺在草浆黑液处理中的应用

对几种草浆黑液处理的工艺流程、处理效果等进行了分析 ,并比较了各种方法的优缺点 ,同时指出我国造纸企业特别是中、小型造纸厂良性发展的途径 .     

新生二氧化锰吸附法处理造纸黑液

报道了用新生MnO2处理造纸黑液的新方法，实验表明，MnO2对造纸黑液的CODCr和色度有较强的去除能力，其去除率分别为57．6％和91．5％。吸附后的MnO2经再生后可重复使用。     

酸化水解-UBF-混凝沉淀处理工艺在造纸黑液中的应用

利用厌氧酸化水解一上流式污泥床过滤复合反应器-混疑沉淀处理工艺对苇浆、草浆等黑液进行厌氧分解过滤、加药混凝处理,从黑液中回收木质素,去除造纸黑液中的有机物,出水水质可以达到(GWPB-1999)《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》,从而为苇浆、草浆造纸黑液的综合处理开拓了重要途径。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~