J型聚集态的激光光谱学实验与理论研究

观测到了光敏染料1,1’-乙二基—2,2’-甲川喹啉碘化物的吸收光谱随温度和浓度的变化关系,及其J-聚集态的离子增强效应,给出奇异J-谱带出现的温度的临界参数。最后利用超快速光谱学技术研究了J-聚集态的共振荧光动力学,确定其衰减时间小于20ps,并建立了一个亚宏观有序集体振动模相变的理论模型,解释了J-谱带波长位置,谱带的窄带性,以及共振荧光快速弛豫对聚集分子和外界条件不敏感的特性,同时还解释了J-谱带出现的临界行为及其对分子的选择。     

Cu-Al-Ni-Mn-Ti合金热弹性马氏体相变弛豫时间的研究

文章研究了Cu-12Al-5Ni-1.6Mn-1Ti形状记忆合金马氏体逆相变时弛豫时间与升温速率的关系.实验结果表明,马氏体逆转变时,弛豫时间随升温速率的增大开始迅速衰减,当升温速率较大时,逐渐趋于一个稳定值.马氏体逆转变量越少,弛豫时间越短,分布参数越大,并逐渐趋近于Debye滞弹性弛豫.     

不同温度下煤在溶剂中的溶胀行为

溶胀是煤直接液化升温过程中粘度发生变化的主要原因之一。本文研究了不同温度下两种煤在有机溶剂中的溶胀度变化。结果表明：在极性溶剂中,煤化程度较小的神华煤的溶胀性比新庄煤大,而在非极性溶剂四氢萘中,情况相反;温度升高加快了煤的溶胀速率,且对煤的溶胀度大小有影响;煤的溶胀度与煤和溶剂的溶解度参数有关,溶剂对煤的溶解能力越大,则煤在该溶剂中的溶胀度越大。     

Coordination polymer based on （1,2-bis（2-picolinamido） phenyl）copper

( 1,2-bis(2-pyridinecarboxamido)benzene copper Cu(bpb) was synthesized and employed as a building block to construct supramolecular coordination polymer based on intermolecular coordination and hydrogen bonding interactions. X-ray single-crystal diffraction characterization revealed that intermolecular coordination interactions lead to the formation of one-dimensional infinite molecular columns, which array along the same direction in the crystal resulting in the three-dimensional network. The molecular columns are linked together by hydrogen-bonding interactions, which infinitely extend in bc plane. The one-dimensional coordination bonding and two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding interactions result in the formation of supramolecular coordination polymer.     

二维平面上一类非线性抛物方程的衰减性

主要利用Fourier分解方法讨论二维平面上一类非线性抛物方程弱解的时间衰减性,证明了其解在L2范数下的衰减速率为C(1 t) 12     

核磁共振中分子间多量子相干CRAZED序列参数的优化

对检测分子间多量子相干信号的CRAZED脉冲序列的最佳射频脉冲翻转角及延迟时间进行了探讨，通过综合运用偶极场理论和积算符公式，得到不同相干阶数下CRAZED序列的相对信号强度与射频脉冲翻转角及延迟时间之间关系的表达式。并利用计算机模拟对延迟时间进行优化，所得结果由实验加以验证．实验结果表明，理论得到的信噪比和量佳延迟时间的关系与实验结果吻合得较好．因此，所得出的理论方法可用于指导实验参数的优化选择。     

混凝土骨料粒径对弹性波特征参数衰减影响研究

混凝土的物料组成影响着弹性波特征参数的衰减规律,该规律的研究对于提高工程安全检测精度意义重大.以0.1～0.25 mm,0.5～1 mm,1～2 mm和2～5 mm粒径的砂为骨料制成板状混凝土试件,利用声发射测量系统记录不同传播距离处的信号全波形,分析骨料粒径对弹性波衰减过程的影响机制.结果表明:弹性波的幅值按负指数函数衰减,衰减系数分别为0.04375,0.02579,0.02185,0.01871,即骨料粒径越小,则幅值的相对衰减速度越快;弹性波能量衰减规律也符合负指数函数,粒径越小,则能量衰减速度越快;弹性波的衰减速度与频率密切相关,随传播距离的增加,信号主频和频谱重心均近似线性下降,即高频信号部分衰减更快;此外,声发射信号振铃计数大致呈对数函数衰减.     

假体置换前后股骨粘弹性的实验研究

目的研究成人股骨假体置换前后股骨粘弹性的变化,以及与假体材质、形状和固定方式的关系.方法相同条件下测试正常成人股骨假体置换前后压缩和悬臂弯曲状态下应力松弛、蠕变.结果得出各种状态下应力松弛曲线、蠕变曲线.结论假体置换术后应力松弛下降的速度较术前快,应变上升的速度较术前慢,骨水泥固定组改变不明显,与假体形状和材质无明确关系.     

有机溶剂透过纳滤膜的通量模型研究

在经典通量模型H-P方程的基础上，建立了有机溶剂通过纳滤膜通量(J)的数学模型。通过实验考察了溶剂黏度(μ)、摩尔体积(V_m)和溶解度参数(δ²)对溶剂J的影响，验证了所建模型的准确性和适用范围。结果表明，V_m和δ²是影响有机溶剂纳滤膜J的重要参数。对纯溶剂，该模型能较好的解释其传递规律，与实验有较好的一致性；对混合溶剂，该模型与实验数据的吻合较差，说明混合溶剂J的影响因素较复杂。     

从干红辣椒中提取辣椒红色素的研究

辣椒红色素是天然红色素的一种,可从干红辣椒中提取。文中对有机溶剂从干红辣椒中提取辣椒红色素进行了研究。考察了质量分数为95%酒精,石油醚和丙酮对辣椒红色素提取的影响,结果表明丙酮为最优的提取溶剂。通过正交实验确定丙酮提取的最优条件为：每次提取时间为3h,提取温度为30 ℃,提取每克辣椒所用溶剂总量为25 mL,提取次数为3次。     

管内窄边扭旋元件诱导螺旋流的旋流强度分析

为了研究螺旋流在形成、发展及衰减过程中旋流强度的变化规律，采用数值模拟方法对管内置窄边扭旋元件诱导产生的螺旋流进行分析，得到了雷诺数和元件扭率对旋流强度的影响规律。结果表明：流体进入扭旋元件后，在元件两侧形成两个与主螺旋流旋向相反的二次涡流；流体流出扭旋元件后，旋流螺距经历一个由大变小，再由小变大的过程；在螺旋流形成发展阶段，雷诺数对旋流强度影响较小，旋流强度随着元件扭率的增大而迅速提高，由于惯性作用旋流强度在元件出口1/6元件长度处达到最大，该位置与雷诺数和元件扭率无关；整个螺旋流发展阶段旋流强度呈现一种指数变化规律；流体流过旋流强度最大截面后，由于流体粘滞力大于惯性力，旋流强度以近似线性的规律衰减，雷诺数越大衰减速度越慢，扭率对旋流衰减速度影响较小。     

Controlling PCBM aggregation in P3HT/PCBM film by a selective solvent vapor annealing

A selective solvent vapor, i.e., cyclohexanone or isopropyl benzene, which is a poor solvent for poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and a good solvent for fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), was employed to reduce the size of PCBM aggregates and prolong the formation time of big PCBM aggregates in P3HT/PCBM film. PCBM nucleates and aggregates of 10-20 nm scale form in the first few minutes annealing. Then the size of PCBM aggregates kept unchanged until annealing for 60 min. Finally, larger PCBM aggregates of micron-size formed hours later. On the contrary, the growth rate of PCBM aggregates was faster and their size was larger when treated with a good solvent vapor for both components. The P3HT crystallinity was the same with different types of annealing solvents, although the rate of P3HT self-organization was decreased after a selective solvent vapor annealing. Because of the smaller size of phase separation, the device annealed in a selective solvent vapor for 30 min had a higher PCE than that annealed in a good solvent vapor.     

飞秒相干瞬态过程的Bloch方程描述

用Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ变换法求解了光学Ｂｌｏｃｈ方程的解析解,计算了飞秒尺度的自由感应衰减的振幅谱和相位谱     

近简并V-型三能级系统的自由感应衰减现象

本文采用半经典中布洛赫(Bloch)方程方法研究近简并V-型三能级系统的自由感应衰减现象,讨论了原子弛豫对自由感应衰减信号场的影响.     

萃取精馏分离苯和环己烷的二元混合溶剂

混合溶剂萃取精馏技术是一种极具发展潜力的新型分离技术．通过一个简单实用的气液平衡实验装置考察了多个萃取精馏分离苯／环己烷近沸点体系的二元混合溶剂：二甲基亚砜和N，N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜和N-甲基吡咯烷酮以及N-甲基吡咯烷酮和N，N-二甲基甲酰胺的性能．结果发现，混合溶刑分离效果比简单溶剂更好，且混合溶剂存在最佳组成；当混合溶剂的摩尔比接近1时，其性能最佳；N，N-二甲基亚砜和N，N-二甲基甲酰胺组成的混合溶剂是所有被考察萃取刑中最好的混合溶剂；另外还发现了优于文献报道的简单溶剂N。N-二甲基甲酰胺．     

聚醋酸乙烯酯熔体的力学谱

利用液态内耗仪研究了聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)在其玻璃化转变温度（Tg）及其以上温度区域的力学弛豫行为.结果表明：PVAc内耗与温度的关系曲线上存在α和α′ 2个弛豫型内耗峰，α峰与PVAc的玻璃化转变有关，α′峰则对应于一种液/液转变，且两者的弛豫时间均满足Vogel Fulcher Tamman关系；在PVAc熔体内耗与频率的关系曲线上，交叉温度TB≈387 K处的α′峰的弛豫时间、弛豫强度和分布参数均出现了一个转折，这是由于降温过程中TB至Tg之间分子耦合作用显著增强的结果.     

Faster superoxide dismutase mutants designed by enhancing electrostatic guidance.

The enzyme Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects against oxidative damage by dismuting the superoxide radical O2-. to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide at the active-site Cu ion in a reaction that is rate-limited by diffusion and enhanced by electrostatic guidance. SOD has evolved to be one of the fastest enzymes known (V(max) approximately 2 x 10(9) M-1 s-1). The new crystal structures of human SOD show that amino-acid site chains that are implicated in electrostatic guidance (Glu 132, Glu 133 and Lys 136) form a hydrogen-bonding network. Here we show that site-specific mutants that increase local positive charge while maintaining this orienting network (Glu----Gln) have faster reaction rates and increased ionic-strength dependence, matching brownian dynamics simulations incorporating electrostatic terms. Increased positive charge alone is insufficient: one charge reversal (Glu----Lys) mutant is slower than the equivalent charge neutralization (Glu----Gln) mutant, showing that the newly introduced positive charge disrupts the orienting network. Thus, electrostatically facilitated diffusion rates can be increased by design, provided the detailed structural integrity of the active-site electrostatic network is maintained.     

溶剂对分子转动弛豫过程的影响

利用分广的各向异性对分子的整体转动进行了分析.通过测量在不同温度和不同溶剂中转动弛豫时间常数,发现即使在粘度(η)与温度(T)之比值相同下,在不同种类的醇溶剂中得到的转动弛豫时间常数不同,这是由于溶剂和分子的氢键在不同溶剂中的结合强度不同造成分子在不同溶剂中的转动体积有差别。     

Active fluidization of polymer networks through molecular motors

Entangled polymer solutions and melts exhibit elastic, solid-like resistance to quick deformations and a viscous, fluid-like response to slow deformations. This viscoelastic behaviour reflects the dynamics of individual polymer chains driven by brownian motion: since individual chains can only move in a snake-like fashion through the mesh of surrounding polymer molecules, their diffusive transport, described by reptation, is so slow that the relaxation of suddenly imposed stress is delayed. Entangled polymer solutions and melts therefore elastically resist deforming motions that occur faster than the stress relaxation time. Here we show that the protein myosin II permits active control over the viscoelastic behaviour of actin filament solutions. We find that when each actin filament in a polymerized actin solution interacts with at least one myosin minifilament, the stress relaxation time of the polymer solution is significantly shortened. We attribute this effect to myosin's action as a 'molecular motor', which allows it to interact with randomly oriented actin filaments and push them through the solution, thus enhancing longitudinal filament motion. By superseding reptation with sliding motion, the molecular motors thus overcome a fundamental principle of complex fluids: that only depolymerization makes an entangled, isotropic polymer solution fluid for quick deformations.     

高于胶凝临界温度的明胶水溶液弛豫谱研究

在高于胶凝临界温度条件下,半稀明胶水溶液的动态光散射弛豫谱存在三段弛豫过程,即弛豫时间小于50μs的指数衰减过程、幂律衰减过程和伸展指数衰减过程.后两个过程可归因于分形构象的反常扩散,其方均位移分别为〈R2〉∽lnt和〈R2〉∽tβ(β＜1),宽度参数与明胶分子分数维和分形子谱维数有关.