不同热解温度生物炭改良铅和镉污染土壤的研究

 为了探究热解温度对生物炭修复重金属污染土壤的影响,将300℃、500℃和700℃下制备的生物炭加入铅（Pb）和镉（Cd）污染土壤进行培养,检测重金属形态的变化。结果表明,加入生物炭培养60d后,Pb和Cd污染土壤pH值较对照上升0.35—0.86单位值,土壤中重金属的酸可提取态含量下降,残渣态含量上升,对目标重金属生物有效性降低的改良效果700℃>500℃>300℃;在生物炭添加量相同的情况下,复合污染土壤中Pb的残渣态含量比对应单一污染高50.60%—72.79%,而复合污染土壤中Cd的酸可提取态含量较对应单一污染高7.53%—12.99%;热解温度影响生物炭的表面特征和吸附重金属机制,进而影响生物炭改良土壤中目标重金属形态分布。     

木质素基生物炭制备及对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

研究温度对生物炭得率、吸附性能的影响.采用无氧慢速热解的方法,以酶解木质素为原料,制备不同温度下的生物质炭,测定热解得率、生物炭得率、挥发分、灰分及对亚甲基蓝的吸附值.热解试验结果表明:随着炭化温度从300℃逐渐升高到700℃,热解得率先降低后升高,挥发成分先升高后降低,生物炭得率先降低后升高.在500℃时,热解得率和生物炭得率分别为54.09%和50.77%,灰分含量为3.32%,挥发分含量为45.91%;热解温度为300℃时,木质素基生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附值最大,为37.31 mg/g;热解过程中,C—H、C=O键断裂.     

热解温度对秸秆生物炭钝化重金属污染土壤影响分析

为了探究热解温度对以黄豆秸秆制备生物炭对土壤重金属Pb及Cd的吸附及钝化性能,以黄豆秸秆为原材料,在300,500和700℃热解温度下制备生物炭,并探究其对土壤重金属铅锌的钝化作用。实验结果表明随热解温度升高,生物炭中碳含量呈现上升趋势,且pH由8.95升高至10.23,灰分的含量却由34.5%下降至28.6%。热解温度能对生物炭吸附重金属Pb及Cd产生影响,并且热解温度升高,重金属吸附量呈现上升趋势,并且当热解温度为700℃时,生物炭对Pb及Cd的吸附量分别为1.2和26.8 mg/g。进一步探究表明热解温度能够提高生物炭对Pb及Cd的钝化性能,机制研究表明生物炭能够提高土壤中pH,并且热解温度升高提高了残渣态Pb及Cd的含量而降低酸可提取态Pb及Cd的含量。     

水稻秸秆生物炭对诺氟沙星的吸附性能研究

以水稻秸秆为原料,在300℃、400℃、500℃和600℃4个温度下制备生物炭,分别利用Boehm滴定、比表面积等方法对其进行表征,并研究了4种生物炭对诺氟沙星的吸附特征。结果表明,随着热解温度的升高,生物炭产率下降,表面碱性官能团数量和比表面积逐渐增加。4种生物炭对诺氟沙星的吸附率为B600B500B400B300,在投加量为0.4 g时,B600和B500的吸附率几乎接近100%,远高于B400和B300。对4种生物炭对诺氟沙星的吸附等温线进行拟合,B600符合Langmuir方程,其余3种符合Freundlich方程。4种生物炭对诺氟沙星的吸附反应过程满足准二级动力学方程,相关系数R20.9887,其中B300对诺氟沙星的吸附速率最大。     

不同制备条件下枸杞枝生物炭的性质及对NH4+-N吸附的影响

为了合理有效地利用青海省废弃枸杞枝,本研究以枸杞枝为原材料,对不同热解温度(300、400、500℃)、停留时间(30、60、90 min)制备条件下枸杞枝生物炭产率、pH、电导率和NH₄⁺-N吸附量进行研究。结果表明：随着热解温度的升高和停留时间的延长,生物炭产率显著降低,pH显著升高,高热解温度下电导率显著高于低热解温度;热解温度对炭产率、pH、电导率的影响均大于停留时间。热解温度对NH₄⁺-N吸附量有显著影响,热解温度为400℃,停留时间为90 min时,生物炭的NH₄⁺-N吸附量最大,为1.955 mg/g;热解温度为400℃,停留时间为60 min时,1 t枸杞枝制炭后NH₄⁺-N总吸附量达到最大,为0.737 kg。本研究为枸杞枝生物炭吸附NH₄⁺-N的最优制备条件提供科学依据。     

四种原料热解产生的生物炭对Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附特性研究

以木屑、米糠、稻杆、玉米秸杆为原料, 在300, 400, 500, 600和700℃下, 氮气保护的无氧气氛中热解制成生物炭, 探讨不同类型生物炭对水溶液中重金属Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附效果。研究发现, 对于4种生物质原料而言, 在700℃下制备的生物炭对水溶液中Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附效果均优于其他制备温度下获得的生物炭, 其中稻杆生物炭(700℃)吸附容量最高, 对Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺分别为126.58和60.61 mg/g。利用X射线荧光光谱、环境扫描电子显微镜、气体吸附仪等方法, 分析700℃下制取的4种生物炭的矿物相元素组成、表面形貌及其比表面积。采用X射线衍射法分析4种生物炭样品在吸附重金属后的矿物相特性, 分析其重金属吸附机理。结果表明, 4种生物炭对Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺的吸附均满足Langmuir等温吸附模型, 同时XRD分析显示Pb²⁺和Cd²⁺在生物炭表面以碳酸盐、磷酸盐、硅酸盐和亚硫酸盐形式存在。     

浒苔生物炭对水中萘的吸附作用

 近年浒苔的爆发式生长给中国一些沿海城市海滨环境和景观造成很大影响,而妥善处置清理后的浒苔至关重要。本研究将浒苔在不同温度下碳化制备成生物炭,用于吸附处理水中的萘。结果发现,浒苔生物质及150℃碳化的浒苔生物炭对萘的吸附以弱的分配作用为主,吸附等温曲线为线性;250、350℃碳化后,吸附能力显著增强,表面吸附和分配作用均有贡献;随着碳化温度进一步升高,吸附能力明显减弱,500℃碳化后吸附作用仅由表面吸附贡献;而700℃碳化时,浒苔中的碳质几乎被完全氧化分解,仅残留部分矿物组分,对萘几乎没有吸附能力。     

苜蓿生物炭对磺胺甲恶唑的吸附机理研究

该文以紫花苜蓿为原料,分别在600℃、700℃和800℃下热解制备生物炭,研究其对水溶液中磺胺甲恶唑的吸附机理.通过元素分析、FTIR、BET、XRD等方法对制备的生物炭进行表征,探究了热解温度、环境温度、初始抗生素浓度、溶液pH值、离子强度以及离子类型等对磺胺甲恶唑吸附的的影响,应用吸附动力学和吸附等温线研究生物炭对...     

低温密封法制备玉米秸秆不同部位生物炭及特性比较

针对玉米秸秆利用困难问题,探索玉米秸秆制备生物炭工艺及其理化性能,采用密封限氧法,以玉米秸秆皮、瓤、根为研究对象,分别在300 ℃/45 min、500 ℃/ 30 min、700 ℃/15 min条件下制备生物炭并分析其特性,包括炭产率、pH值、灰分含量、红外光谱和扫描电镜分析。结果表明：在300~700 ℃时,随温度升高,炭产率降低,热解失重速率先增后减,pH值均升高;相同条件下,生物炭特征吸收峰基本相同,表现为表面官能团总量减少,酸性官能团降低,碱性官能团增加。综合分析,秸秆根生物炭与秸秆瓤、秸秆皮生物炭材料功能性相近,研究结果可为玉米秸秆根部的资源化利用提供理论依据和技术支持。     

高锰酸钾改性核桃壳基生物炭对水溶液中Cu~(2+)的吸附性能

为提高核桃壳基生物炭吸附水溶液中Cu~(2+)的效率,用不同浓度高锰酸钾溶液对高温(600℃)热解制备的核桃壳基生物炭进行改性.通过N_2吸附等温线、SEM-EDX和XPS对改性前后核桃壳基生物炭的结构特征和表面化学特性进行分析,结果表明:改性核桃壳基生物炭表面添加了新的含氧基团,含氧基团主要以Mn—O和Mn—OH的形式与锰基团结合.在温度为25℃、pH为5.3的条件下改性核桃壳基生物炭对Cu~(2+)的最大吸附能力为61.35 mg/g,是未改性核桃壳基生物炭的5.3倍.改性核桃壳基生物炭吸附Cu~(2+)能力的增加主要是因为表面负载了MnO_x和氧基团.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has