某MPV正面碰撞乘员侧胸部损伤优化

为了提高某MPV的正面碰撞安全性能,基于该车型正面碰撞试验工况,建立了乘员侧的MADYMO仿真模型。根据正面碰撞试验获得的假人损伤数据,进行了该模型有效性的验证。并依据2015版中国新车评价规程(C-NCAP)管理规定和约束系统能量管理技术,从安全带限力等级、预紧器、安全气囊气袋刚度三个方面对乘员胸部进行了优化,同时进行了试验验证。结果表明,这三个方面可以有效地降低假人的伤害,提高了该车型乘员侧在正面碰撞工况下的得分。     

某多用途车正面碰撞乘员侧胸部损伤优化

为了提高某多用途车(multi-purpose vehiclen,MPV)的正面碰撞安全性能,基于该车型正面碰撞试验工况,建立了乘员侧的MADYMO仿真模型。根据正面碰撞试验获得的假人损伤数据,进行了该模型有效性的验证;并依据2015版中国新车评价规程(C-NCAP)管理规定和约束系统能量管理技术,从安全带限力等级、预紧器、安全气囊气袋刚度三个方面对乘员胸部进行了优化;同时进行了试验验证。结果表明,这三个方面可以有效地降低假人的伤害,提高了该车型乘员侧在正面碰撞工况下的得分。     

正面碰撞中安全带预紧方式对驾驶员损伤影响研究

采用MADYMO软件建立了丰田Yaris正面碰撞下驾驶员侧约束系统仿真模型,并通过与实车试验数据进行对标分析验证了该模型的有效性;然后基于验证过的模型研究了正面碰撞中不同安全带预紧方式对驾驶员的损伤影响;同时,在配备预紧限力式安全带的基础上,分析了卷收器预紧、带扣预紧以及双级预紧安全带对假人的保护效果。仿真结果表明,预紧限力式安全带对假人的保护效果优于仅预紧式、仅限力式以及普通三点式安全带,而且在预紧量相同的情况下,卷收器预紧与带扣预紧对假人损伤影响无明显差异,但双预紧式安全带可有效降低假人头部和胸部损伤值。     

客车侧翻碰撞中安全带对乘员损伤的影响分析

参照欧洲ECE R66法规要求,建立客车侧翻仿真模型及其乘员约束系统模型。利用LS_DYNA软件对客车侧翻碰撞试验和客车座椅动态试验进行模拟分析,并与试验结果进行对比,结果表明,有限元模型具有较高的精度。将4个HybridⅢ50%男性假人模型放置在客车最薄弱的车身段座椅上。对客车侧翻过程中,3种约束条件(无安全带、两点式安全带和三点式安全带)的乘员损伤情况进行分析。研究结果表明:无安全带约束时,假人头部和颈部将受到严重损害;两点式安全带和三点式安全带对于所有假人颈部及胸部的保护效果相近;两点式安全带能有效降低大部分假人的头部损伤风险,但碰撞侧外侧假人头部损伤值仍较高。     

基于某SUV正碰台车试验的有限元建模仿真研究

台车碰撞试验是约束系统开发的主要试验验证方法,基于某SUV的正碰台车试验,建立了乘员侧约束系统有限元模型,介绍了约束系统模型中假人定位、座椅、安全带、白车身、气囊的建模方法,并用LS-DYNA软件进行计算,依据C-NCAP管理规则对假人伤害进行评分。有限元计算结果显示,假人运动姿态、假人各部位伤害曲线与试验相比较吻合,各部位得分与试验基本一致,验证了约束系统模型的有效性。     

儿童乘员伤害指标及下潜趋势的影响因素

建立了基于多刚体动力学MADYMO软件的儿童乘员约束系统台车碰撞系统的仿真模型,包括儿童座椅增高垫、成人安全带系统、后排座椅、6岁儿童假人,研究了成人安全带系统的限力器和预紧器的相关参数对儿童乘员碰撞响应和损伤值的影响.结果表明:卷收器预紧器可有效减小儿童乘员伤害值,同时减小儿童乘员的下潜风险;而锚点预紧器会增大儿童乘员的下潜风险,锚点预紧器与安全带单向锁止器配合使用可降低儿童乘员的下潜风险;广泛用于降低成年人碰撞伤害的4.0kN卷收器式限力器在本研究中被证实对于儿童乘员没有明显的保护效果,减小成人安全带限力值可对儿童起到较好保护作用.     

车辆碰撞计算机模拟分析与评价

针对某型轿车进行了正面和侧面碰撞计算机模拟分析与评价.建立了含50百分位的HybridⅢ型假人及安全带约束系统的整车有限元模型,根据动态非线性有限元法的基本原理,建立碰撞过程描述方程和结构有限元离散化方程.在LS-DYNA环境下,对整车集成系统进行了正面和侧面碰撞的数值模拟和分析,求解出了碰撞时整车位移、速度和加速时间,并分析了该车在碰撞过程中主要吸能部件的吸能效果及能量与力的传播途径,以及假人的伤害程度.仿真结果表明,含假人的汽车碰撞过程计算机模拟,不仅能预测汽车结构本身的耐撞性能,还能较准确地预测碰撞过程中乘员的响应与伤害程度,对于减少实车碰撞试验次数,加快新车型开发速度具有重要意义.     

某车型侧面碰撞假人胸部伤害优化分析

通过PSM_Scaling的方法对某车型侧面碰撞仿真假人伤害值进行拟合,在模型验证的基础上,对侧面气囊点火时刻和泄气孔尺寸进行优化,改善假人胸部伤害情况.优化后肋骨压缩量最大值有所降低,T12弯矩Mx和T12力Fy得到明显改善,通过实车试验对优化方案进行验证,结果表明,假人胸部得分提高了2.98分.     

SUV翻滚模拟及其乘员约束系统的开发

为研究与开发出能够在翻滚碰撞中保护乘员的约束系统,针对某SUV车型,依据FMVSS208法规,采用有限元与多刚体相结合的方法,搭建了整车斜台翻滚仿真模型,并对仿真模型进行了试验验证,结果表明,车顶与地面接触时刻及对应时刻车顶溃缩变形量的仿真结果与试验结果具有较好的一致性。在引入HybridⅢ50th男性假人并佩戴三点式安全带及配置侧安全气帘的情况下研究了约束系统的效用,结果表明,佩戴三点式安全带在翻滚碰撞中能够对乘员躯干部分形成有效保护,但对头部与颈部的保护效果不佳;所开发的具有二级点火功能的翻滚安全气帘能对乘员头、颈部进行有效保护,在安全带配合安全气帘使用的情况下,头部合成加速度峰值减少68. 62%,颈部受力减少32. 90%,假人头部HIC36减少58. 10%。     

汽车安全带新型预紧器的结构与性能仿真

提出了一种作为安全带预紧器核心部件的新型离合机构,应用该机构开发了一套新型预紧式汽车安全带,介绍了它的结构组成、工作原理和性能.建立了安全带机构力学模型,利用ADAMS软件进行机构运动学仿真和分析,结果表明离合机构传动可靠,织带回卷量与设计要求吻合;采用MADYMO软件建立了正面碰撞模型,仿真分析表明人体头部伤害指数、胸部加速度、大腿骨轴向力和胸部变形量均在GB11551-2003和ECER94等相关标准的规定范围之内,其它如粘性伤害响应、组合胸部指数和胸部累积3 ms损伤等人体损伤指标也处在较小的区间,正则化伤害评价值约为0.48,说明该新型安全带能够有效降低乘员伤害值,具有较好的乘员保护效能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that