考虑侧向稳定性的分布式电驱动汽车制动滑移率控制

针对分布式电驱动汽车在复杂路面紧急制动时引起车轮突然滑转或抱死而导致的车辆失去转向能力甚至甩尾的问题,提出了一种考虑车辆侧向稳定性的电液复合制动滑移率控制策略。滑移率控制采用了滑模极值搜索算法,基于分层结构,即上层为期望制动力矩计算模块,中层为考虑执行器带宽的动态控制分配模块,下层为电液复合执行器,同时还考虑了位置和速率约束且应用主动前轮转向(AFS)系统补偿侧向稳定性。基于MATLAB/Simulink建立了7自由度整车模型,在分离路面典型制动工况下对控制算法进行了验证。结果表明:所提控制策略可以有效减小制动距离,保证车辆侧向稳定性;滑移率控制器可以自适应于路面附着系数的变化。     

4WID车辆主动安全控制策略研究

针对4WID车辆主动安全控制,设计开发了一种基于主动前轮转向(active front steering,AFS)、直接横摆力矩控制(direct yaw-moment control,DYC)与驱动防滑(acceleration slip regulation,ASR)集成的控制系统.控制系统采用分层控制结构,其中决策层基于滑模变结构控制理论与车辆相平面稳定判据,设计了横摆角速度与质心侧偏角协调控制器,计算保持车辆稳定性所需的附加横摆力矩.此外,基于滑移率门限值,设计了模糊PI控制器,分配AFS模块与DYC模块输入的附加横摆力矩,获得最终附加横摆力矩与附加前轮转角.执行层通过对驱动/制动力矩与前轮转角的控制,实现速度保持,滑移率控制与车辆稳定性控制功能.仿真结果表明,在高速、低附着系数路面的极限工况下,集成控制策略可实现车辆操纵稳定性控制且综合性能优于单独控制.     

线控制动单轮失效下制动力优化分配控制策略

针对线控制动系统单轮制动失效时车辆制动稳定性控制问题,提出了协同线控转向和线控制动系统的制动力优化分配控制策略.为了最大程度满足驾驶员的制动期望,采用二次规划方法初始分配剩余三轮制动力;为防止车辆因制动力重构产生横摆或跑偏,采用滑模控制方法设计前轮转向控制器;考虑前轮转向对轮胎纵向力的影响,建立基于魔术公式的轮胎侧向力数学模型,基于二次规划方法实时优化轮胎在侧偏纵滑工况下的制动力.联合Simulink和Carsim进行了仿真实验分析,结果显示车辆的横摆角速度快速收敛为0,侧向跑偏距离均小于0.1 m.结果验证了本文提出的制动力优化分配控制策略在不同的制动工况下均能提高单轮制动失效车辆的制动稳定性.     

AFS/DYC协调控制的分布式驱动电动汽车稳定性控制

为进一步提高分布式驱动电动汽车行驶过程中的稳定性,提出主动前轮转向(AFS)和直接横摆力矩控制(DYC)协调控制策略.为提高车辆稳态行驶时转向能力,设计基于滑模控制(SMC)的前轮主动转向控制器实时修正前轮转角;以维持车辆工作在稳态工作区为控制目标,设计基于模型预测控制(MPC)的车辆稳定性控制器,通过设定的分配规则按轴荷比等比例分配各轮驱/制动力矩.利用相平面法作为判定依据自适应分配各控制器权重,实现控制器之间的切换.在连续转向工况下,对控制算法进行仿真验证.结果表明:在相同转角输入下,相较于无控车辆,受控状态下车辆的横摆稳定性能提高了16%,行驶状态得到了改善.     

基于主动转向与主动制动的智能车路径跟踪

提出一种基于模型预测控制的分层路径跟踪控制器进行主动转向和差动制动控制.由预测监控状态模块、上层控制器和下层执行器组成.预测监控状态模块利用车辆动力学模型预测车辆未来状态;上层控制器计算期望的前轮转角和轮胎制动力;底层执行器执行前轮转角和制动压力.通过Matlab与Carsim的联合仿真,结果显示,提出的控制器在高速紧急避障中的路径跟踪效果比预瞄驾驶员模型更好.     

轮胎滑移能量在电动汽车控制中的应用研究

针对四轮驱动电动汽车力矩分配问题,提出了一种考虑轮胎滑移能量的四轮驱动电动汽车控制结构与力矩分配方法.该方法将高级底盘控制HCC结构与最优控制相结合,在HCC结构的基础上,将车辆侧向力的控制从HCC结构中分离,通过最优控制车辆主动前轮转向和直接横摆力矩来实现车辆的稳定行驶.提出了一种适用于HCC结构的增量型最小化滑移能量力矩分配方法,并基于UniTire滑移能量模型进行了相关的动力学仿真.结果表明在不控制前轮转向和横摆力矩的情况下车辆是失稳的,而采用文中所提结构结合最小化轮胎负荷率或最小化轮胎滑移能量是可以保证车辆侧向稳定的.      

分离路面上车辆紧急制动时稳定性分析与控制

传统的制动防抱死系统在分离路面上紧急制动时制动效能不尽理想,四通道ABS能够产生最大的制动力但却容易跑偏,而侧向稳定性较好的三通道ABS将增加制动距离.针对这种情况,提出了采用基于四通道ABS的主动前轮转向控制系统,该方法将在最大限度地提高车辆纵向制动力的同时保持车辆的侧向稳定性.建立了一个基于虚拟样机的全功能多体动力学模型,采用联合仿真的方法对车辆在分离路面上高速紧急制动过程进行了动力学仿真.仿真结果表明,提出的控制策略能够提高车辆在分离路面上紧急制动时的侧向稳定性.     

基于动态双向耦合的高速汽车侧风稳定性控制研究

针对高速汽车在侧风环境下的气动稳定性问题,基于大涡模拟（LES）及五自由度车辆模型,建立了汽车空气动力学与汽车动力学的动态双向耦合分析模型.考虑了主动前轮转向的主动控制（AFS）对高速车辆侧风稳定性的影响;采用调整车辆质心位置的方法验证了动态双向耦合模型的鲁棒性.对在某轿车在有、无驾驶员及有、无AFS控制下的运动及流场特性进行了对比分析.研究结果表明:在侧风作用下车辆的侧向速度及横摆角速度对高速车辆的气动稳定性有着重要影响;在无驾驶员条件下,有AFS控制的车辆仍能回到正常行驶路线,而无AFS控制的车辆无法回到正常行驶路线;在有驾驶员条件下,无AFS控制车辆最大侧向位移为1.1 m,有AFS控制车辆最大侧向位移0.47 m,表明AFS控制有助于提高车辆侧风稳定性.      

基于轮胎力动态估计与主动转向的新型ESP系统

车辆电子稳定系统能有效提高车辆在极限工况下的方向稳定性.针对传统直接横摆力矩控制(DYC)没有考虑轮胎附着力极限的局限,提出一种基于轮胎动力动态估计(TDE)算法的新型车辆电子稳定控制系统(ESP),在此基础上,通过主动前轮转向(AFS)协同控制,最大化利用车轮附着力.采用多元回归统计算法设计TDE控制器,采用基于统计数据的多项式拟合获得车轮附着力边界极限和最优动态滑移率上限值;采用模糊逻辑算法设计AFS控制器,补偿因附着力达到极限引起的横摆力矩不足.仿真结果表明,通过与AFS的协同控制,新型ESP能够在改善车辆的方向稳定性的同时,大幅降低车轮制动控制力,减少对车辆纵向速度的影响.     

汽车ABS与AFS集成控制算法

提出一种制动防抱死系统(ABS)与主动前轮转向(AFS)系统的集成控制算法.ABS采用逻辑门限值控制算法,以车轮的角加速度为主要门限、滑移率为辅助门限.AFS采用基于二自由度车辆模型建立的横摆力矩补偿前馈控制和滑模反馈控制相结合的复合控制算法.采用8自由度车辆模型验证所提出的控制算法,该模型包含“Magic Formula”轮胎模型和基于单点预瞄的驾驶员模型.在Matlab/Simulink中通过对开路面的直线制动工况和定圆弯道制动工况下的仿真来评价集成控制算法.仿真结果表明:在对开路面上ABS与AFS的集成控制能够有效地缩短制动距离,提高车辆制动过程的方向稳定性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that