采用超像素标注匹配的交通场景几何分割方法

针对交通场景逐像素标注方法计算复杂、模型训练耗时长的问题,提出了一种基于超像素标注匹配的交通场景几何分割方法。该方法无需进行模型训练,根据全局特征搜索一组待分割交通场景图像的相似图像集。对待分割图像进行超像素分割和超像素块特征提取,并利用朴素贝叶斯原理进行似然比计算,根据似然比在相似图像集中进行超像素块标注匹配以实现初次分割。利用初次分割结果计算出一元势,应用全连接条件随机场模型对初次分割结果进行优化。实验结果表明,与传统的逐像素标注方法相比,本文方法的分割正确率和平均召回率分别提高了4%和3%,能够有效地实现交通场景几何分割。     

融合局部描述子的阈值图像分割算法

针对基于局部熵的过渡区阈值算法中没有同时考虑局部图像灰度变化的频率和幅度,提出一种融合局部描述子的过渡区阈值算法.提出算法首先采用图像的局部熵和局部方差等局部描述子提取图像的局部特征;其次融合局部图像特征构造特征矩阵,并选取合适的特征阈值提取图像的过渡区;最后根据图像过渡区的灰度均值分割图像.实验结果表明,根据一些图像分割的定量评价标准,提出算法提取过渡区的质量高,分割图像效果好.     

移动机器人道路图像的快速分割方法

本文针对影响道路场景分割效果的2个最主要因素：阴影和水迹，提出了用3个有效彩色特征量来描述道路、阴影和水迹的特征，并提出了特征图像的快速提取方法，实现了道路图像一维直方图的全局快速分割。实验结果表明：本文提出的分割方法可以有效地消除阴影或水迹对道路图像分割效果的影响，且满足一般道路场景下移动机器人实时导航的要求。     

基于时空信息约束的密集人群分割方法

在密集场景中,人群可以看作是由三五成群的、具有运动一致性的子群体构成的集合.为了能划分这些子群体,以便对人群的交互行为进行分析,提出了一种基于时空信息约束的分割方法.该方法首先利用背景建模和特征点跟踪,获取视频图像帧中运动目标的时空信息;然后,利用前景中群体分布的空间区域信息,将空间上相邻近的人群划分为若干个子群体;最后,通过一段时间内的运动相关性将子群体进行进一步的分割.这两种约束信息相互作用,得到具有运动一致性的子群体.通过大量实验验证测试,表明该方法可以应用于不同人群密度、视角范围等多种场景视频.     

基于分形维数的图像纹理分析

利用分数维能够把图像的空间信息和灰度信息有机结合起来的特性,提出了一种基于分形维数的图像纹理分析方法.为了更准确地描述纹理表面的粗糙度,该方法首先将纹理图像进行6种灰度变换并计算其相应的分形维数,同时采用H lder指数作为描述图像纹理的奇异性特征,然后利用提取的纹理特征对图像进行纹理分割.实验结果表明:采用该方法所分割的图像能很好地体现图像的纹理分布.     

有纹理保护的SAR海冰图像分割

针对传统的马尔科夫随机场算法中模型参数估计是全局的,及此算法描述非平稳SAR海冰图像是局限的,提出一种带有纹理保护的图像分割算法.该算法以区域为研究对象,首先利用分水岭分割算法对图像进行初始分割得到基本同质的区域,使该算法由像素水平提升到区域水平,这样能减少噪声对分割结果的影响.然后使用集成了纹理信息的空间语境模型和特征模型来描述对象函数,获得更稳定的模型参数估计,使得该算法具有描述局部行为的能力,改进了空间语境模型对图像非平稳性的适应性.通过对1幅合成图像和2幅真实合成孔径雷达海冰图像进行测试,将该算法与马尔科夫随机场算法和Gaussian混合模型算法比较,结果表明,该文算法优于上述2算法,在相同的场景内该文算法在产生平滑结果的同时也能保护纹理特征.     

基于局部语义上下文的场景分类方法

针对现有方法难以解决复杂场景图像分类的问题,本文提出一种基于局部语义上下文的场景分类方法。该方法将整个图像分割为一系列超像素,从超像素提取局部特征表示图像的局部观察;在观察图像和场景类别标签之间引入表示超像素区域语义的随机变量,通过不同随机变量之间的依赖关系引入局部语义上下文信息,较好地描述了图像观察、图像内容与场景类别标签之间的语义关联度,最后定义判别图像场景类别的目标函数,采用优化方法推断图像的场景类别。在标准图像库进行的实验证明了该方法的有效性。     

融合注意力机制的PSPnet多目标语义分割

采用加强特征提取网络为MobileNetV2的融合多特征金字塔场景解析网络（PSPnet）来实现复杂场景下的图像语义分割.相对于深度残差网络ResNet50和MobileNetV1,引入了线性瓶颈结构和反向残差结构,利用金字塔池化模块（PPM）来处理不同层级的图像特征信息,并将其进行特征拼接,有效避免了不同分割尺寸下,子区域之间关键特征信息的缺失.在此基础上,引入注意力机制模块,结合通道注意力机制（CAM）和空间注意力机制（SAM）,进一步提高分割精度.实验结果表明：该方法可以提高图像识别的准确率,并节省训练时间.     

结合图像信息和几何关系的配准算法

对图像配准中的特征点检测方法和描述方法进行了研究,提出了一种快速准确的图像配准算法.使用尺度空间理论进行特征点的检测,通过两种不同的特征点描述子对特征点进行描述:一种是基于图像信息的描述子,该描述子使用尺度空间理论上的尺度不变Harris算子的自相关矩阵来描述特征点;第二种是基于空间上的几何关系的描述子,提出了一种融合局部结构特征和全局信息的描述子.在图像配准的目标函数里,将特征点匹配矩阵和图像变换矩阵分解,分别使用两种不同的描述子对二者进行迭代求解.该算法结合了两种特征点描述方法的优点,实验结果表明该方法快速、准确,具有配准精度高和计算时间短的优点.     

基于Harris-改进LBP的特征匹配及目标定位算法

为满足机器人伺服抓取中定位精度和实时性的要求, 提出一种基于Harris及改进局部二值模式(LBP)的特征匹配和目标定位快速算法. 首先采用Harris检测算法提取图像特征点; 然后提出一种新的特征点描述子定义方法, 先利用胡矩确定特征方向, 再根据特征方向对局部图像做标准化处理, 提取标准化局部图像LBP特征作为特征点描述子; 最后通过计算两张图像中各特征点描述子间的汉明距离实现特征匹配, 再根据匹配结果估计单应性矩阵, 定位目标在场景图像中的位置. 实验结果表明, 该算法匹配速度快、 定位精度高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with