蛋白质的磷酸化修饰及其研究方法

蛋白质磷酸化是一种重要的翻译后修饰，它参与和调控生物体内的许多生命活动。随着蛋白质组技术的不断发展，蛋白质磷酸化的研究越来越受到广泛的重视。本文介绍了蛋白质磷酸化修饰的主要类型与功能、磷酸化兰白质及磷酸化肽的标记和分离与富集、磷酸化肽及磷酸化位点分析以及蛋白质的磷酸化改性等方法,并综述了近年来国内外的主要研究进展。     

20℃和25℃条件下秀丽隐杆线虫衰老过程中磷酸化蛋白质组学的研究

衰老过程受到包括温度在内的众多环境因素的影响。蛋白质磷酸化是重要的翻译后修饰,调控多种生命活动,在衰老过程中也起着重要作用。秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans,C.elegans)是经典的衰老研究的模式生物。为了探究蛋白质磷酸化修饰在不同温度下衰老过程中的作用,我们对20℃(常温)和25℃(高温)培养条件下成年时期第1天、第5天、第10天的秀丽隐杆线虫样品进行了磷酸化组学分析工作。我们采用基于DIA的非标定量分析方法,系统地比较了不同样品间的磷酸化组学差异。共9 145条高可信度的磷酸化肽段被鉴定到,对应3 317个磷酸化蛋白质。经过筛选,最终6 624条磷酸化肽段被定量到,其中有1 093条显著变化的磷酸化肽段,来自于858个磷酸化蛋白质,包含1 426个磷酸化位点,通过进一步的生物信息学分析,揭示了衰老过程中的磷酸化变化规律。     

蛋白质磷酸化修饰研究进展

 蛋白质磷酸化是由蛋白质激酶催化的磷酸基转移反应,是最常见、最重要的蛋白质翻译后修饰方式之一,是一种普遍的生命活动调节方式,在细胞信号转导过程中起重要作用。本文介绍了蛋白质磷酸化修饰的主要类型与功能、磷酸化蛋白的鉴定及磷酸化位点的预测等方面研究进展,并着重介绍了一些灵敏度高、特异性强的以同位素标记、免疫印迹-化学发光法等作为核心的磷酸化蛋白质分析方案。Western blot方法被证明是鉴别磷蛋白的灵敏、特异方法,而NanoPro100/1000超微量蛋白分析系统等又在此基础上加以改善。蛋白磷酸化分析工具和软件的发展也很迅猛。     

禁食对小鼠下丘脑磷酸化蛋白质组的影响

本研究旨在通过干预小鼠进食,探讨对小鼠下丘脑中蛋白质磷酸化修饰和相关信号通路的影响,为完善蛋白磷酸化调控网络提供有价值的信息.将实验小鼠平均分为3组,分别为对照组(con)、禁食组(D2)和禁食后恢复组(DR),每组小鼠数量为3只.在48 h内,con组正常提供饲料,D2组不提供饲料,DR组前44 h不提供饲料、后4 h提供饲料.同时解剖3组小鼠并提取下丘脑组织,提取、纯化和酶解下丘脑组织的蛋白质,并采用二氧化钛富集分离技术富集磷酸化肽段,运用高通量液相色谱-质谱联用进行检测,以鉴定样品中的磷酸化蛋白质组.利用非标记定量方法筛选差异表达的磷酸化蛋白以及位点,对鉴定数据进行GO富集和KEGG通路分析,并探究磷酸化蛋白间的相互作用关系.结果显示,共鉴定到4 810个磷酸化蛋白质,对应于14 259个磷酸化位点发生了变化.采用数学统计方法分析,成功确认小鼠下丘脑中有681个磷酸化蛋白差异显著,观察到这些差异蛋白与蛋白结合、激酶行为、转运、轴突生成等分子活动和生物学过程有关,并富集到了MAPK、细胞内噬和环磷酸腺苷信号通路等11个主要的信号通路.这说明禁食会对小鼠下丘脑中多种蛋白质的磷酸化修饰...     

EGFR信号转导机制及靶向治疗

综述了EGFR基本结构特征及其介导细胞信号转导的机制,论述了基于EGFR靶向治疗的机理及研究现状。指出,EGFR是最早被发现并研究的RTK家族成员,其蛋白结构分成胞外域、跨膜区与胞内域三部分。EGFR介导细胞信号转导的核心机制是配体EGF与EGFR胞外域结合,通过变构作用与二聚化作用,使胞内域通过反式激活完成对受体末端酪氨酸残基的磷酸化,进而招募下游信号因子完成细胞信号转导过程。质膜结构与组成、EGFR跨膜区的组成及胞外域的有无、EGFR的内吞及泛素依赖性降解过程都调控EGFR细胞信号转导过程。阻断EGFR信号通路可抑制表皮肿瘤细胞成长。EGFR已经成为表皮肿瘤治疗的重要靶点。     

金属有机框架(MOFs)材料在生物富集中的应用

与传统无机多孔材料相比,金属-有机框架(Metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)材料孔径可调,具有更高的孔隙率,更大的比表面积,多样化的结构及功能等特点,因而已经被广泛应用于传感器、催化剂、气体吸附与分离、药物载体及控释等领域中。本文主要综述MOFs材料在生物富集中的应用,根据不同的富集机理,分别对低丰度肽、磷酸化肽和糖肽进行富集研究进展。在预富集过程中,总结了已应用的MOFs材料的种类和所具有的功能及其展现出的富集性能。     

植物抗病反应中的蛋白磷酸化

在植物抗病反应中,发现有蛋白磷酸化现象发生,已经证明的有关因子包括MBP蛋白激酶、大雄疫霉激发子、丁香霉素、pp29和pp51蛋白激酶以及双链RNA。蛋白磷酸化是细胞信号传递系统的组成部分,与植物抗病反应有关的蛋白磷酸化研究将会发现新的植物病害防治途径。     

GLP-1及其类似物调节β细胞增殖的分子机制

胰高血糖素样肽1(Glucagon-like peptide1,GLP-1)是一种L细胞产生的内源性激素,其主要作用是调节胰岛素和胰高血糖素的分泌;越来越多的研究结果表明,GLP-1及其类似物通过激活其受体,在调节胰岛β细胞的增殖和分化、抑制细胞凋亡、促进胰岛素释放、降低血糖以及改善糖耐量等方面都有十分重要的作用;近年来,特别是有关GLP-1及其类似物激活其受体引起的下游细胞信号转导机制有大量的报道,现就GLP-1及其类似物调节β细胞增殖的分子机制及细胞信号转导途径进行综述。     

运用生物质谱分析磷酸化多肽合成中的主产物

蛋白质磷酸化是生物体内非常重要的翻译后修饰,磷酸化多肽及其类似物对研究和阐明蛋白质磷酸化修饰对生命活动的调节机制具有十分重要的作用,采用4-磺酸苯异硫腈酸酯修饰,源后衰减基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱(PSD-MALDI)模式分析合成磷酸化多肽,建立了一种简便易行的磷酸化多肽鉴定及定位方法.     

pH电位法研究二肽与镍(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)的二元、三元络合物

低肽在生物体内具有各种生物功能.它们能与生命金属元素相结合与代谢,也能与外界摄入的毒性金属如Cd(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)等相结合.但是迄今,人们还不能圆满地解释毒性金属对人体的影响,这在很大程度上是由于研究金属-蛋白质络合物具有一定的困难.基于这一原因,人们常用低肽作为模型物质研究金属与蛋白质的相互作用.一般来说,二肽具有三个可供键合的位置:N端氨基、C端羧基和肽键.在生理条件下,有关简单的二肽与Ni(II)、Cd(II)络合物生成的研究为数不多.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the