基于压力变量喷雾的雾化特性及其比较

讨论了基于压力变量喷雾的流量调节范围、雾量分布、喷雾角、雾滴粒径、速度及喷雾动态特性等雾化特性随流量的变化规律,定量比较了PWM连续式、PWM间歇式和基于压力的变量喷雾的雾化特性.结果表明,压力变量喷雾流量调节范围约为2;随流量的减小,雾量分布向中央集中剧烈,雾滴粒径增大明显,喷雾角、雾滴粒径随流量的变化率分别为1.08°/%,-1.562 μm/%;雾滴速度显著减小;动能中值直径(KEMD)和比能(SE)随流量的变化率分别为-1.50 μm/%, 0.228 7(J/kg)/%,压力变量喷雾的能量利用率低.比较3种变量喷雾的雾化特性,基于压力变量喷雾的流量调节范围最小,对雾化特性的影响最大;PWM连续式变量喷雾的流量调节范围最大;PWM间歇式变量喷雾流量控制对雾化特性的影响最小.     

矿井综采工作面风速对喷雾粒径影响规律试验

为研究矿井综采工作面喷雾除尘时,矿井风速对喷雾粒径的影响规律,利用模拟巷道喷雾降尘实验系统,在5个不同矿井风速影响下对4个喷雾压力、4个不同孔径喷嘴、5个不同轴线距离的喷雾粒径进行试验研究.利用Origin对试验数据进行曲线绘制,并将曲线进行了趋势分析与原因分析.结果表明:测点位置为0.68 m时,随矿井风速的增大,喷雾粒径呈增大趋势,并得出最小粒径99.25μm与最大粒径214.7μm的试验条件;不同喷雾压力和喷嘴孔径在矿井风速影响下程度不同,并将影响曲线进行对比和排序;测点轴线距离越远,喷雾粒径越小,即D_aD_bD_c D_d D_e;测点位置为0.38,0.68,0.95 m处的喷雾粒径随矿井风速的增大而增加,测点位置为1.28,1.58 m时,喷雾粒径在矿井风速0.25～0.65 m/s呈增大趋势,在0.65～1.05 m/s时呈减小趋势.试验研究结果为矿井喷雾除尘时,对于喷雾压力、喷嘴孔径、矿井通风风速的大小选择以及喷嘴布置的合理性提供参考.     

风流影响雾滴与尘粒耦合沉降的实验研究

为了确定风流影响雾滴与尘粒耦合沉降的规律,分析了雾滴与尘粒耦合沉降机理,并自主设计实验装置进行了风流影响雾滴与尘粒耦合沉降实验。由实验结果可知:随着风流速度的增大,喷雾场雾滴粒径平均值整体呈增大趋势,喷雾场上风侧的雾滴粒径一般小于下风侧,测点处雾滴的粒径增大值及增大率均不断减小,喷雾场对全尘、呼尘的降尘率分别由风速为0.5m/s时的49.3%和47.5%降至风速为1.5m/s时的42.7%和39.2%。研究结果表明:风流速度越大,越不利于雾滴耦合沉降尘粒、尤其小粒径尘粒。     

风送荷电喷雾特性试验

为研究风送荷电喷雾在空间的粒径分布和沉积特性,设计了一种风送荷电喷雾试验装置,包括雾化装置、荷电装置、风送设备以及相应的测量设备.首先对轴流风机改造前后的气流速度进行了对比,然后探讨了雾滴的荷质比和云电流与电压的关系,最后研究了荷电与非荷电状态下,喷嘴轴线上的雾滴粒径和沉积质量的分布规律,以及轴线上距喷嘴出口2.0和3.0 m,沉积质量沿水平径向(y方向)和雾滴粒径沿垂直径向(z方向)的分布特点.研究结果表明:改造后的轴流风机产生的气流轴向速度增大,有助于增加喷雾射程;雾滴的荷质比与云电流随电压的升高而增大;荷电与非荷电情况下,雾滴粒径与沉积质量均随轴向距离的增加先增大后减小,呈现单峰分布;荷电雾滴沿垂直径向的粒径分布关于轴线呈现出较大的不对称性,即小雾滴在轴线上方,大雾滴在轴线下方;荷电雾滴沿轴向(x方向)和水平径向(y方向)的沉积范围较广且均匀性较好.     

离心喷嘴雾滴运动轨迹与沉积分布特性

针对转盘离心喷嘴雾滴运动方程难以用解析方法求解,以及雾滴群轨迹难以用试验手段追踪的问题.根据雾滴在空气中的受力理论分析,得到雾滴运动的物理方程.采用4阶标准RungeKutta算法,基于Matlab平台进行数值求解,得到了雾滴水平速度、垂直速度的变化曲线及雾滴的运动轨迹.搭建了离心雾化试验台,进行了雾滴沉积分布特性试验.结果表明:在转速为6 000 r·min-1,流量为700 m L·min-1雾化条件下,雾滴水平速度由15.71 m·s-1迅速衰减为0;雾滴垂直速度由0迅速增大到一定速度,雾滴最终沉降速度随雾滴粒径的增大而增加;粒径越大的雾滴水平位移越远;不同粒径的雾滴水平位移的理论值和试验值的相对误差均在5.31%以内,运动模型推导和求解正确.     

喷雾激冷室喷嘴特性及喷嘴选型

设计了3种不同结构的用于喷雾激冷的压力雾化喷嘴,并对其进行优选研究.研究了不同压差对喷嘴流量、雾滴粒径和雾化角的影响,得到3种喷嘴的粒径变化规律.研究结果表明:当压差增大到0.28MPa时,雾滴粒径、雾化角等参数的变化渐趋平缓;当压差较低时,雾滴粒径随喷射距离的增加先减小,后增大;当压差较高时,雾滴粒径随喷射距离的增大...     

GDI喷油器超高压乙醇喷雾微观特性试验

为系统研究超高喷射压力下缸内直喷(GDI)喷油器乙醇喷雾的微观特性,采用相位多普勒粒子分析(PDPA)系统对10~50,MPa喷射压力下的喷雾进行了测试,并结合纹影法所获取的喷雾图像分析了喷雾形态发展、液滴粒径粒速的空间分布及随时间的变化规律.研究结果表明:提高喷射压力,枝状结构形成时刻提前,喷雾破碎过程加快;提高喷射压力,喷雾头部粒速增加,贯穿距变大;喷雾锥角随喷射压力的提高小幅度上升;提高喷射压力,乙醇液滴的索特平均直径(SMD)、DV90和DV50明显下降,但DV10下降幅度相对较小,处于剧烈破碎区的液滴粒径减小;超高压喷射有效抑制了25,μm以上大粒径液滴生成,降低粒径分布的离散程度,粒径为5,μm左右的液滴数量比例最大;超高压喷射下,在同一水平面不同测点位置,SMD的差异较小;随着测点距喷孔距离的增大,小液滴聚合现象会导致SMD变大.     

壁温和机油油膜对喷雾撞壁后发展的影响

为研究壁面温度和机油油膜对缸内直喷汽油(GDI)发动机喷雾撞壁后发展的影响,运用阴影法成像系统和相位多普勒激光测试系统(PDA)对喷雾撞壁后反弹高度、扩散距离以及特征点的粒径粒速做了试验研究.结果表明:壁温的升高或机油油膜的存在对喷雾撞壁后反弹和扩散起明显的促进作用.但是,当壁面达到莱顿弗罗斯特效应温度后,撞壁喷雾的反弹高度和扩散距离又开始减小.壁温的升高或机油油膜的存在,都会使喷雾轴线测点处法向速度向上的液滴比例增加,且喷雾边缘测点处液滴的切向平均速度明显增大.壁温的升高使喷雾撞壁后液滴的粒径分布向更小粒径的方向偏移,液滴粒径的算术平均值减小,但100,?m以上"超大液滴"的出现使轴线测点处液滴的索特平均直径增大.机油油膜的存在使喷雾撞壁后液滴粒径的算术平均值减小,但索特平均直径增大.     

供水压力对气水喷雾雾化特性及降尘效果的影响

为了掌握供水压力对气水喷雾雾化特性及降尘效果的影响,基于自主研发的气水喷雾降尘实验平台,对不同供水压力下的气水喷雾喷嘴流量、雾化特性参数及降尘效率进行了测定.结果表明:随着供水压力的增加,喷嘴耗气量以指数形式不断递减,而耗水量以指数形式递增;喷嘴雾化射程和雾滴体积浓度均随着供水压力的增加而增大,而雾化角先增大后减小;随着供水压力的增加,雾滴粒径呈现先增大后减小的变化规律,且供气压力越大所对应的拐点供水压力越高;随着供水压力的增加,气水喷雾对全尘和呼吸性粉尘的降尘效率均呈现先升高后降低的变化规律;气水喷雾对不同粒径粉尘的降尘效率存在差异,分级效率随着粉尘粒径的增加呈现先增大后减小的变化规律;气水喷雾分级效率存在一峰值,位于峰值粒径区域的粉尘保持较高的降尘效率,峰值粒径与雾滴粒径保持相同的变化趋势.在矿山采掘工作业场所进行气水喷雾降尘时,供水压力即不能过高也不能过低,为确保全尘和呼吸性粉尘的降尘效率,应选择接近且略高于供气压力的供水压力.     

转笼式生物农药雾化喷头的性能分析

从理论上阐述转笼式离心雾化的原理,以及雾滴直径的最佳范围;通过对常温清水和生物农药白僵菌进行试验,分析了转笼的直径、丝网孔数、转笼转速、流量和压力等参数对转笼式离心雾化喷头雾化效果的影响。结果表明:雾滴粒径总体在100μm左右,生物农药的活性均在75%以上。收集位置越远,雾滴粒径越大,活性越低;随着转速、丝网孔数和直径的增大,粒径都是呈先增大后减小的趋势,而对活性影响不大;泵出口压力越大,活性越低。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that